Vervain Verbena officinalis; berbene lef. …

(a) A formal document (embodying a will, a permit, etc.); fig. a list or inventory; (b) a papal bull. …

(a) A piece of paper or parchment containing writing; a written document, letter, etc.; (b) a brief document attached to a roll or enclosed in a letter, and usually containing a list of names or bill……

Law The practice of aiding a litigant for a share of the matter in dispute, champerty. …

The closed season in which it is not lawful to hunt male deer; bi fermisounes, in fermisoun time, during the closed season on male deer; flourished of fermisoun, fattened in the closed season. …

(a) A landowner and member of the gentry ranking immediately below the nobility; a freeman, a gentleman; franklein of toun, a free citizen, an owner of property in a town, a burgess; (b) as a personal……

(a) A heavy rope or cable used on a ship; (b) a heavy rope; (c) gable rop, a carpenter's rope. …

A long knife or dagger. …

(a) A small, enclosed piece of land; a pightle; (b) in place names; -- often preceded by the genitive of a personal name. …

Mus. ?The hypodorian mode. …

(a) The taking of something; an exaction, taxation, requisition; (b) something or somebody captured, booty, prey; (c) something requisitioned for the king; (d) the king's customs; also, something……

(a) A member of a church choir, chorister; a choir-boy; (b) an angel as member of the celestial choir. …

(a) A cushion, bolster, or pillow; a cushion for the arm or for sitting or kneeling on; also, a hassock or footstool; (b) quishin(es cloth, a case or cover for a cushion. …

A sweet wine; also, rose-colored wine. …

(a) That which is left over or left behind, remains, remnants, residue; -- often pl.; also, a legacy, charitable bequest; also, dregs; relef of brucus, what the bruchus leaves; (b) rabble, ruins; (c)……

(a) The condition of being in arrears or in debt; also fig.; -- also pl.; rolles of rerage, records of indebtedness; casten in rerage, to find (sb.) in arrears; fallen (rennen) in rerage, go into……

Arsenic disulfide, realgar. …

(a) The condition of dwelling somewhere; dwelling place; also, eccl. of a clergyman: the fact of being in residence where his duties are performed; holden (kepen) residence, to dwell, reside, live……

(a) Ribbon, edging material, riban frenge; (b) a ribbon; an ornamental band or border, trimming; an ornament, a necklace; ?a bracelet, an anklet; (c) = filaterie n.(d). …

Fire-breathing monsters. …

(a) The edible seed or grain of the grass Oriza sativa, rice; (b) ris flour, flour (of) ris, rice flour; ris mele, mele of ris, rice meal; poudre of ris, powdered rice; (c) cook. a dish made of rice……

(a) A large rock formation; a cliff, rocky height, crag; a rocky area; also fig.; roche wal; (b) a rock in the sea or a river; a reef, rocky island; also, a cliff by the sea; (c) a cave, tunnel, or……

(a) Rock; a rock, stone, esp. a large rock or rocky outcropping; (b) a large rock or crag along the seacoast or in the sea; (c) a rocky outcropping on a mountain, cliff, precipice; rok side; (d) a……

(a) A scroll; a scroll with its contained text; a roll of prayers [quot.: 1454]; (b) a roll used in the game of rage-man [see rage-man n.3.(b)]; rage-man rolle; (c) rolle of wacche, a scroll on which……

(a) A distillate of turpentine, rosin; also, resin; (b) rosin clene (coiled, pured), god (clene) rosin, high-grade rosin or resin; red rosin, whit (drie) rosin. …

(a) A small wheel with radial points forming the extremity of a spur, a rowel; riden on rouel, to ride spurring; (b) a small wheel; a circular frame; also, the representation of a wheel or disk; rouel……

(a) A charger, steed; (b) a riding horse; (c) a pack horse, workhorse; (d) a kind of small horse; (e) in phrase: queue de rounci, nag's tail, a comic title for a dish; (f) as surname. …

(a) An ornamental ball or knop; also, a medicinal pellet [quot.: ?c1450]; (b) a round slice of leek or onion; a round loaf of bread; (c) roundel of the eie, the iris of the eye; (d) a ripple resulting……

(a) A plant of the genus Rheum, either Rheum officinale or Rheum palmatum; also, the rootstock of this plant used medicinally; jus rubarbe, juice from this plant; pelotes (pilules) of rubarbe, pills……

(a) The color russet, grey or dull red, brown, etc., suitable for working clothes; (b) a serviceable woolen cloth, usu. of plain or subdued color & usu. worn by the poor or by workingmen (also by the……

The fur of the sable. …

(a) The European sable (Martes zibellina); (b) the fur or pelt of the sable; (c) the color black; blak sable; blak as (blakker than) sable; (d) a black garment, black clothing, mourning clothes; (e) h……

Silk; sai worm, the silkworm (Bombyx mori). …

(a) Compensation, payment, esp. a salary or compensation periodically paid for regular service [sometimes difficult to distinguish from (b)]; also fig.; (b) a payment for a specific service or limited……

Saltpeter (potassium nitrate); ?also, gunpowder. …

(a) A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fastened to the foot by thongs, a sandal; (b) a richly made shoe worn by popes and bishops. …

(a) The European sanicle (Sanicula europaea); (b) a type of orchid. …

A female saint. …

(a) A Turk; also, an Arab; also, a Moslem; -- often with ref. to the Crusades; Sarasin hed, the head of a Saracen; (b) a heathen, pagan; an infidel; (c) as a type of non-Christian; Sarasin or jeu, jeu……

A large canvas sack, used esp. for packing wool or fleeces; also, a bale of wool, containing two sacks; also, the weight of a bale of wool. …

(a) The workshop of the tailors in a monastic house; (b) in surnames. …

(a) A smooth, lustrous, silken cloth, satin; also, a piece of such cloth; (b) satin doutremer, imported satin; satin figure, satin brocade; tinsel satin, satin brocaded with gold or silver; bridels of……

(a) A condiment for meat, fish, fowl, etc., a sauce; also, a pickling liquid, brine; (b) fig. of (a); (c) a curative or preventive preparation; a medicinal sauce; (d) cook. in combs.: sauce blaunk……

(a) The department in a great household whose job is to make sauces; also, coll. the members of such a department; (b) the place where sauces are made; (c) in surnames. …

(a) Sandalwood, the wood of any of several trees of the species Santalum, esp. the white sandalwood (Santalum album) and the red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus); also, a small piece of sandalwood……

A sausage; ?also, error for sanicle [2nd quot.]. …

A sausage. …

A scaffolding pole. …

A room or building in a monastery in which a monastic official kept his accounts. …

A sleeveless garment usu. worn by religious, scapular; ?also, a body belt. …

The color scarlet; also, scarlet dye; red scarlet. …

(a) The disease sciatica; (b) an attack of the disease. …

A hornet. …

A plant or an herb of the genus Scrophularia. …

(a) A scrofulous growth or lump; ?also, sg. & pl. scrofula; (b) as adj.: scrofulous. …

A royal tax levied on land, originally paid in commutation of military service, scutage; also, the obligation to pay such tax. …

The powdered leaves or pods of senna, a plant of the genus Cassia, esp. the Alexandrian senna (C. acutifolia) or Tinnevelly senna (C. augustifolia). …

(a) A principal officer, usu. knighted, in charge of the domestic affairs of a king's or an emperor's household; also, the title of the chief administrator of a king's or lord's lands and estates……

Astron. (a) The point in the sky directly overhead, the zenith; also, the part of an astrolabe representing the zenith; (b) the azimuth reading or bearing of a heavenly body. …

An official who holds disputed property in trust during arbitration or litigation. …

(a) A servingman, servant; an officer in a lord's retinue, an attendant; ?a man [quot.: 1372]; an altar server [quot.: 1429]; (b) fig. a servant of God, hell, etc.; (c) the head of a specific……

(a) Tenure of land as recompense for services or goods rendered to the king; the land held or governed under such an arrangement; graunt sergeauntie, land tenure on condition of personal service……

(a) Land tenure for services or goods rendered to the king; (b) the office of sergeant. …

(a) A plant, probably the imported Dragon arum, also known as 'dragonwort,' etc. Drancunculus vulgaris [= dragaunce n.; = serpentin(e n. sense (a)]; (b) a kind of still or retort. …

(a) An officer of a church or religious house who cares for the buildings, ornaments, vestments, etc., and who attends to bell-ringing, burials, etc., a sexton; (b) as surname. …

(a) A room in a church in which vestments, furnishings, and other possessions are kept, vestry, sacristy; (b) in surname. …

?The wild cucumber [cp. cucomer n.2.]. …

A shoot, sprout. …

(a) Med. A thick viscous liquid, usu. made from herbs boiled with sugar; also fig.; (b) sirup acetous, a decoction of honey or sugar with vinegar; sirup egre, bitter (egre, sour) sirup, any……

(a) The sole of the human foot; also, the under surface of an animal's hoof; fot sole; (b) a sole of a (the, his) sole, the sole of the fot, the sole of his (thi) fet, the soles of the (his, here)……

(a) The religious or ceremonial celebration (of an event or of marriage); also, a celebration (of marriage); (b) religious rites, the celebrating of religious festivals; (c) solemn discourse. …

(a) A packhorse; -- also coll.; somer bai (hors); somer driven, forced to ride a packhorse; somer folwer, one who follows packhorses in a train; somer ledere, a driver of packhorses; somer sadel, a……

(a) One who drives a packhorse; sompter hors, a packhorse; sompter man; (b) as surname. …

(a) Subtle but fallacious reasoning, usu. used to deceive, sophistry; also, the use of cunning and deceitful traps, nonverbal trickery [quot. c1450]; (b) that part of logic dealing with sophismata……

(a) The supreme ruler of one of the medieval Moslem states, the Sultan; the soudan; (b) soudan of babiloine (perse, sirie, sirie and of egipte), the Sultan of Egypt (Persia, Syria, Syria and Egypt)……

?A plough trace, often of iron. …

A kind of venomous spider. …

(a) A piece of timber used in building; a rafter, beam; a board; -- also coll.; firre sparre; hilinge of sparres, a roof; joininge of sparres, a roof or building; maister sparre, a main beam or……

Surg. An instrument used to cut bone, a trepan. …

An ornamental shoulder band worn by ecclesiastics on the upper part of the alb, one on each shoulder. …

(a) A dealer in spices, an apothecary; spicer(es shoppe, an apothecary's shop; spicer wif, a female apothecary; (b) in surnames. …

(a) An aromatic substance; a spice; also fig. [quot. c1400]; coll. spices; also, spice plants; spiceri menginge, blending of aromatic spices; grounden (poudre of) spiceri, ground spices; (b) a spice……

A small ship capable of carrying 25 men, a pinnace. …

(a) The herb Spinacea oleraceo, spinach; also, ?a plant of the genus Cichorium [quots. ?a1450 & a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes]; pl. spinach leaves; (b) as surname. …

(a) A siege machine used for hurling stones and other heavy projectiles, a catapult; also, the missile thrown by such a catapult; also fig.; (b) as surname. …

Hard excrement; hard squiballes. …

(a) A squirrel, esp. the common Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris); -- also coll.; (b) the fur of the squirrel; (c) squirel tail, the tail of a squirrel; -- also coll.; squireles tail(es, the……

(a) An enclosed or partially enclosed place for keeping a domesticated animal, a stall; a stable; also in fig. context [quot.: ?a1425]; also in proverbs and prov. expressions; asse (oxe) stal; (b) a……

(a) A flag or banner displayed from a pole in battle; also, a pole used to display a military ensign; a figure displayed as a military ensign; standard berere, a standard bearer; standard of treues, a……

(a) An official market established by royal authority for selling export goods; also, the town containing such a market; (b) staple sele, sele of the staple, the official seal of such a market; staple……

A plant, French lavender (Lavandula stoechas). …

The ostrich Struthio camelus; -- sometimes confused with the stork [cp. stork n.]. …

(a) A stalk of grain; the yet stondinge in the stuble, unharvested grain, grain still standing; (b) coll. the ends of grain stalks left in the ground after reaping, stubble; harvested stubble or flax……

(a) The sturgeon (Acipenser sturio); -- also coll.; ?also, another fish or aquatic animal [quot. ?c1475]; (b) cook. a sturgeon used as food; maken a sturgeoun, to prepare a sturgeon for the table; (c)……

(a) The sweet crystalline substance sugar; -- freq. in combs. & phrases identifying place of origin: sugre babiloine (cipres, marrok, marrokes), sugre de cipres (marrok), sugre of alisaundre (cipres)……

?A legal document having to do with the overseeing or inspecting of lands, tenements, etc. …

(a) An overgarment, usu. sleeveless, worn primarily by members of the lower classes or by monks; also fig.; also, an academic overgarment prescribed for scholars; in tabard wise, in the manner of an……

(a) An overgarment, usu. sleeveless, worn primarily by members of the lower classes or by monks; (b) a surcoat, usu. sleeveless, worn over armor, or a richly decorated overgarment; (c) a covering for……

(a) A small, portable writing tablet made of a durable material, often covered with wax in which the characters are incised; also, a stone or metal tablet bearing an inscription; also, one of the……

A drum; tromp and taborne. …