A service owed by the tenant to his feudal superior [orig. consisting of work performed by the tenant with his draft animals]. …

An enclosure, pen. …

(a) Sheepskin (as distinct from lambskin), budge, ?trimmed sheepskin; bouge skin; (b) bouge rowe, Furriers' Row; bouge shank, fur from the shank of a sheep. …

Law (a) To confirm or approve (a charter, bill, agreement, etc.), [orig. by writing on the back of the document];--also fig.; (b) to approve a reply to (a petition), to grant (a petition) under seal……

(a) A landowner and member of the gentry ranking immediately below the nobility; a freeman, a gentleman; franklein of toun, a free citizen, an owner of property in a town, a burgess; (b) as a personal……

A long knife or dagger. …

(a) A large board, a plank; also, as surname; (b) plaunche(s bord, planking, planks; plaunche(s nail, nails for fastening planks. …

(a) A plank, beam; also, planking, beams; (b) a wooden floor, floor made of planks. …

(a) A cushion, bolster, or pillow; a cushion for the arm or for sitting or kneeling on; also, a hassock or footstool; (b) quishin(es cloth, a case or cover for a cushion. …

(a) A grape, cluster of grapes; also in proverb; (b) a raisin; gret raisin; raisin graines, raisin seeds; (c) raisin corauns, raisin of corauns, a Corinthian raisin, currant [see also corauns n.]; (d)……

To draw off (wine) from one vessel to another, leaving the lees; rakken to the lies, draw off (a wine) down to the lees. …

Forceful seizure of somebody or something; plundering, robbery, extortion; ?also, a plundering raid [1st quot.]; hasti rape, quick recapture, quick rescue; don rape to, to plunder (a realm); (b) the……

(a) That which is left over or left behind, remains, remnants, residue; -- often pl.; also, a legacy, charitable bequest; also, dregs; relef of brucus, what the bruchus leaves; (b) rabble, ruins; (c)……

(a) To rescue or deliver (sb.) from captivity, fire, death, hell, abduction, etc.; keep (sb. from hell, death); also, raise (sb.) from the dead; (b) to aid (sb. in battle or under siege), relieve……

To rescue (sb., a country); deliver (sb. under siege), relieve. …

(a) To give a reward; reward (sb.); (b) hunt. to reward (a hound or hawk), esp. with a part of the game; (c) to reward (affection, good deeds, etc.); -- also without obj.; (d) to pay (sb.) for goods……

(a) Ribbon, edging material, riban frenge; (b) a ribbon; an ornamental band or border, trimming; an ornament, a necklace; ?a bracelet, an anklet; (c) = filaterie n.(d). …

(a) To record (a deed, title, etc.) in an official roll or register; also in fig. context; (b) to list (a person's name) on a roster or muster roll; record (sb.) as (sth.), acknowledge; rollen with……

(a) A charger, steed; (b) a riding horse; (c) a pack horse, workhorse; (d) a kind of small horse; (e) in phrase: queue de rounci, nag's tail, a comic title for a dish; (f) as surname. …

(a) A small medicinal pellet or roll; (b) a round slice of something; a circular napkin; (c) a small cask; also, a measure for wine, varying from 15 to 18 1/2 gallons. …

(a) The color russet, grey or dull red, brown, etc., suitable for working clothes; (b) a serviceable woolen cloth, usu. of plain or subdued color & usu. worn by the poor or by workingmen (also by the……

(a) Compensation, payment, esp. a salary or compensation periodically paid for regular service [sometimes difficult to distinguish from (b)]; also fig.; (b) a payment for a specific service or limited……

A large canvas sack, used esp. for packing wool or fleeces; also, a bale of wool, containing two sacks; also, the weight of a bale of wool. …

(a) A plant of the genus Allium, a shallot or scallion; (b) something of little or no value; ne ben worth a scaloun, to be worthless; not ȝeven two scalounes, care not a bit (for sb. or someone's……

The color scarlet; also, scarlet dye; red scarlet. …

(a) A sheath for a sword, scabbard; (b) used fig. …

(a) A utensil for skimming the surface of a liquid; (b) a pirate; scomour fare, piracy; (c) a kind of light ship; (d) ?as surname. …

(a) A department in a great household that deals with plates, dishes, kitchen utensils, etc.; also, the offices where such a department is located; also, the staff of such a department; (b) in……

A holy or sacred place; a place dedicated to God; also, the dwelling place of God, heaven; also fig.; the seintuari of god. …

(a) Tenure of land as recompense for services or goods rendered to the king; the land held or governed under such an arrangement; graunt sergeauntie, land tenure on condition of personal service……

(a) One of the four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) determined astronomically by the solstices and equinoxes; sesoun of somer, somer (winter) sesoun; (b) a time of the year……

(a) A seat, bench; a place for sitting; (b) a session held by officials for the purpose of conferring or conducting business, an assembly; kepen sessiouns, to attend meetings; (c) a judicial session……

(a) A vessel for holding liquid; ?a brewing vat [2nd quot.]; (b) a liquid measure; sester ful; (c) a dry measure; (d) sester peni, an annual tax imposed upon commercial brewers of beer. …

(a) The root of a plant of the species Curcuma, esp. the long zedoary Curcuma zedoaria; also, the plant itself; (b) as surname. …

(a) A trench or ditch used for drainage; seuer gate, a floodgate on a sewer; (b) commissioun of seueres, authority or duty to oversee drainage canals; justices of seueres, ?officials who regulated the……

Suet; the fat of an animal or of a fish. …

(a) A footstool; also fig.; also, the raised section of the floor on which the altar stands, a footpace [2nd quot.]; shamel of fet, fot shamel [OE fōt-sceamol]; bok shamel, a bookstand; (b) a bench……

(a) A flat-bottomed boat, barge; (b) shout man, the master of a shoute; also, a sailor on a shoute; also as surname. …

(a) A kind of rich silken fabric woven with gold; also, a piece of this material; (b) a garment made of ciclatoun; also, an ornamental covering for animals made of such a cloth. …

(a) A dish, platter; (b) ?as surname. …

A ship of some kind, esp. a light, fast ship. …

(a) A packhorse; -- also coll.; somer bai (hors); somer driven, forced to ride a packhorse; somer folwer, one who follows packhorses in a train; somer ledere, a driver of packhorses; somer sadel, a……

(a) To urge (sb. to do sth.), invite, call upon; order (sb. to do sth.); -- also with that clause; ben somned, be called upon (to do sth.), be obliged; ben somned to, be invited to (a feast); (b) ?to……

(a) Of a horse: reddish-brown; as noun: a sorrel horse; sor bausand, a piebald sorrel horse; sor grisel, a grayish sorrel horse; red sor, reddish-brown; also, a reddish-brown horse; (b) of a hawk in……

(a) A group of people, animals, vices, etc.; a company, troop, band; a cohort; a god sort, a great many; in (a) sort, on a sort, of sort, in a group, together; in sort with, in common with, like; (b)……

(a) The shoulder of an animal, usu. used for food; spaud half, the shoulder portion or section; (b) the shoulder blade of a person; the human shoulder; -- also coll.; also, fig. strength [quot……

(a) A fish of the family Clupeidae, esp. the sprat Clupea sprattus; ?also, a shoal of sprats [quot. ?a1500, 1st]; also, the pilchard Sardinia pilchardus; also, any small fish of the genus Merlangus……

(a) A dealer in spices, an apothecary; spicer(es shoppe, an apothecary's shop; spicer wif, a female apothecary; (b) in surnames. …

(a) An aromatic substance; a spice; also fig. [quot. c1400]; coll. spices; also, spice plants; spiceri menginge, blending of aromatic spices; grounden (poudre of) spiceri, ground spices; (b) a spice……

A small ship capable of carrying 25 men, a pinnace. …

(a) The herb Spinacea oleraceo, spinach; also, ?a plant of the genus Cichorium [quots. ?a1450 & a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes]; pl. spinach leaves; (b) as surname. …

(a) A piece of the elastic, absorbent, and porous spongin skeleton of various species of Porifera, a sponge; (b) the sponge as an instrument of the Passion, the sponge soaked with vinegar and gall……

(a) A siege machine used for hurling stones and other heavy projectiles, a catapult; also, the missile thrown by such a catapult; also fig.; (b) as surname. …

(a) One of several plants of the genus Euphorbia, spurge; (b) a spurge plant considered as a weed or an undesirable growth; -- used in fig. context; (c) ?mistransl. of OF esparge asparagus; ?error for……

(a) Having a square surface or covering a square area; in the shape of a square; of a formation of troops: square in outline; of a cloister: four-sided, rectangular; also, of walls: enclosing a square……

(a) An aspirant to knighthood in the feudal military system; an esquire or a personal servant attendant upon a knight; a soldier below the rank of knight; also fig.; also, a person holding an……

(a) A woven basket; ?also, a bucket; (b) a hollow stem or cane. …

(a) A squirrel, esp. the common Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris); -- also coll.; (b) the fur of the squirrel; (c) squirel tail, the tail of a squirrel; -- also coll.; squireles tail(es, the……

(a) An enclosed or partially enclosed place for keeping a domesticated animal, a stall; a stable; also in fig. context [quot.: ?a1425]; also in proverbs and prov. expressions; asse (oxe) stal; (b) a……

(a) A flag or banner displayed from a pole in battle; also, a pole used to display a military ensign; a figure displayed as a military ensign; standard berere, a standard bearer; standard of treues, a……

(a) An official market established by royal authority for selling export goods; also, the town containing such a market; (b) staple sele, sele of the staple, the official seal of such a market; staple……

A gum or resin from the storax tree (Styrax officinale), often used medicinally; storax calamita; tre of storax, the storax tree. …

(a) A stalk of grain; the yet stondinge in the stuble, unharvested grain, grain still standing; (b) coll. the ends of grain stalks left in the ground after reaping, stubble; harvested stubble or flax……

A small mass of absorbent linen used in treating a wound, a pledget. …

(a) Military stores or supplies, including armaments, equipment, provisions of foodstuffs, munitions, etc.; -- also pl.; ?also, fig. weapons, tusks [quot. c1450(?c1425)]; stuf and appareil; (b) a……

(a) To furnish (a stronghold, castle, town, etc.) with military forces, provisions, armaments, etc. for defense; man (a wall); garrison (the marches); stuffen with (of), equip (a stronghold, castle……

(a) The sturgeon (Acipenser sturio); -- also coll.; ?also, another fish or aquatic animal [quot. ?c1475]; (b) cook. a sturgeon used as food; maken a sturgeoun, to prepare a sturgeon for the table; (c)……

(a) A cloth commonly used to wipe sweat, tears, etc. from the face, a handkerchief; also fig.; (b) the cloth of St. Veronica, on which an image of Christ's face was believed to be imprinted. …

(a) Able to be endured, endurable, bearable, tolerable; (b) allowable, permissible, worthy of being permitted or tolerated; but in cas sufferable (case sufferablis), except in permissible case(s. …

(a) That which suffices, all that is necessary, enough; an adequate supply of something, sufficient resources; soverain sufficience, abundance; to (unto) sufficience, sufficiently; (b) contentment……

(a) The sweet crystalline substance sugar; -- freq. in combs. & phrases identifying place of origin: sugre babiloine (cipres, marrok, marrokes), sugre de cipres (marrok), sugre of alisaundre (cipres)……

= superaltar(e n. …

A loose-fitting overgarment, usu. of white linen and with wide sleeves, a surplice: (a) eccl. a vestment worn by a priest or other ecclesiastic (a clerk, canon, etc.), usu. for liturgical use; also……

(a) The remainder, the rest, remaining portion; (b) the remaining part of something, the rest of one's activities, etc.; also, a remaining group of people. …

A girth for a horse, perh. one that passes over the blanket, the saddle, a pack, etc., surcingle. …

(a) A channel for air; also, a vent for a pipe; (b) a secondary water conduit, tap on a main; (c) a settling tank. …

For all words beginning with sw- from here to the end of this volume [of the print MED], the practice of the MED is to record all variant forms except those beginning with su-; forms with su- are……

(a) To fasten (sth. to sth.), attach; also fig.;—also without obj.; nail (sb. to a cross or tree); also, sew (sth. to a garment); ppl. tachinge, sticking together, gluey; (b) to tie (a horse to sth.)……

In combs.: estat (fe, stat) taille, an estate or office held in heritable tenure limited to some particular class of heirs; also, an arrangement by which an estate or heritable office is entailed; in……

(a) To cut (sth.), trim; ppl. tailled, cut up, sliced; (b) to cut down (an enemy) in battle, cut to pieces, slaughter; also, slash and kill [last quot.]; (c) to set (persons) in order for battle; put……

(a) One who tans hides to make leather, a tanner; tanneres craft, the trade of tanning; tanneres wos, tanning liquor; (b) in surnames; (c) in place names. …

(a) One who perceives something by the sense of taste, a taster; (b) a domestic officer who tastes food to insure its wholesomeness or that it is not poisoned; also, an official who tastes ale to……

A locker or similar container for the storage of military gear; also, a casket or similar container. …

A specific quantity of furs, usu. a bundle of forty skins. …

(a) A barrel for liquids or solids, cask, tun; tonnel hop; tonnel tre, ?a barrel stave; (b) a net for catching partridges or other birds; (c) ?a chimney shaft; (d) a strainer or colander. …

A malt-kiln. …

(a) A piece of cloth used to wipe something dry; washinge touail, a piece of cloth for wiping or cleansing something [see also washing(e ger. 2.]; (b) a cloth of the length of a table, chiefly for……

(a) A turret; also in fig. context; (b) as surname. …

(a) An exercise in the medieval martial arts, engaged in by knights, usu. mounted, and used to demonstrate prowess or hone skills; (b) a test or demonstration of physical skill;—used of the Olympic……

The spring sowing or plowing; also, spring-sown grain. …

(a) A beam; trave nail; trave tre; (b) an enclosure or a frame for restraining horses while they are being shod; (c) in surnames. …

(a) A set or course of thirty masses for the dead, sung on the same day or spread over several days, a trental; also, a poem describing a particular trental [quot. a1500 Trental]; also, a payment for……

(a) A siege weapon designed to cast stones, darts, etc., with a counterweighted or man-powered throwing arm; ?also, a version of such a weapon adapted for use on a ship; trepeget line (rop); (b) a……

(a) A support, usu. two-legged and employed in pairs, for boards or planks serving as a tabletop, a base, trestle;—also coll.; paire (of) trestel(es; (b) a bracing or supporting structure consisting……

A hand tool with a flat or curved blade attached to a short handle, a trowel; also, an instrument or a tool of unspecified form and use [chiefly gloss. quots.]; trouel of (a) masoun. …

(a) A wrapped bundle containing clothing, laundry, etc., a parcel, traveler's pack; also, ?a bolt of cloth, cloth wound and fastened together in a roll [quots. c1436]; in trusse, ?on the bolt; (b) a……

(a) An instrument of punishment, perh. a pillory or cucking stool; ?also, the right to erect and employ such an instrument [quot. 1394]; (b) a wheeled cart designed to tip backward to empty its load……

(a) A place where peat is dug, a peat bog, turbary; (b) the substance obtained from a turbary, peat. …

(a) Of Turkish manufacture, style, or provenance; Turkeis boue, boue Turkeis; (b) as noun: the Turkish language. …

(a) The crude zinc oxide obtained by the smelting of copper ore with zinc and freq. used in medicinal compounds, tutty, pompholyx; tutie ablute (washed, washen), washen tutie, tutty purified through……