Middle English Dictionary Entry
verrei adj.
Entry Info
Forms | verrei adj. Also ver(r)eie, verei, ver(r)ai(e, ver(r)i, verie, ver(r)ẹ̄̆, verra, veari, var(r)ai, vre(i, vrai & werrei(e, werrai(e, werai, wer(r)i, werie, werrẹ̄̆, warrai, war(r)ẹ̄̆; sup. verreiest, etc. & verrest. |
Etymology | OF verai, verrai(e, varai, vrai, AF ver(r)ei, ver(r)i, verrae. When verrei adj. precedes another modifier, it is difficult if not impossible to distinguish (a) the situation in which both function as adjectives modifying the noun, from (b) that in which the modifier nearest the noun forms a syntactic compound with it (which compound is modified by verrei) and from (c) that in which verrei functions as an adverb modifying the adjective immediately following; some exx. of (a) and (b) now in this word may = (c) and belong to verrei adv. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Factually accurate, consistent with reality, properly representing the truth; of faith: true; also, orthodox;
(b) true to an original, truly representative; of an example, analogy, a dictum: apt;
(c) truthful, veracious; also, honest.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9965 : ‘God seyd, and hyt was wroȝt’…Þese wurdes are verry and clere.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1185 : If hit be ueray and soth sermoun Þat þou so stykez in garlande gay…wel is me.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.11.209 : ‘Good is thilk thing that every wyght desireth’; ‘Ther ne may be thought…no more verraye thing.’
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)90/6 : Þei þat scholden ben conuerted to crist…ben þorgh oure wykkedness…straungeres fro the holy & verry beleeve.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)6/27 : We Cristen men and wommen, now…enlumyned with verrey feith [Othea: þe trew feyth], may brynge ayen to morall mynde the opynyones of ancient pepill, and there-vppon many faire allegories may be made.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)2/9 : Þei þat vndirstode amysse þe lawe of Criste were reformed to þe verry, trewe beleue.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)176/35 : In the laste dayes Men…schul be…proude…denynge verey truth.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)35/21 : He mad a-noþir book whech he nameth De Vera Religione, wher he tretith þat þere is no trewe ne very religion in al þe world but in þe cristen feith.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)816/30 : He was one…in whom the verrey fayth stoode moste in.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)2/50 : Seraphyn…with brennyng swerd (þis is verray) From paradise bete hem a-way.
- a1500 Mirk Fest.Revis.(Hrl 2247)86/154 : Þat gode lorde illumyned…theym and made them to se gostely by verrey feith and bileve.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)82/26 : Þey were putte in soche verray & experte informacioun, þat wiþ oute greuous peril…none bodi may dwelle…þere…þan…þe Sustris þer may leueli remew þennis.
- 1607 Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)474/243 : God…that he saith is veray, for he may not lye.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.1 Par.(Bod 959)10 : Þou wenyst…to schewyn of manye [vr. manye workis] whiche be verrey, ouþer a newe werc to makyn in old werk.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.345 : Verrey storie seiþ þat Saturnus þe fader [and] þe sone hadde tweie kyngdoms ioynynge to gidres in Creta.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6105 : To…make a verrai resemblance: Riht as a thief…robbeth mennes good aboute In wode and field…So be…these lovers…In wyldee stedes…Withoute leve…take a part of that chaffare.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.263 : Quod he…verrey ensamples manye.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.262 : Thilke sentence of Plato is verray and soth, that seith that oonly wise men may doon that thei desiren.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)193 : Ech lyuyng man is verier…ymage of Crist and of ech Seint than is eny vnquyk stok or stoon.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.34.7 : Lord god, mercyable…& verrey þat kepist couenaunt & mercy in to þousantis.
- a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Pep 2498)p.25 : Seiþ he þat is…witnesse…trewe and verrey.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.3.4 : God is verrey, eche man lyere.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)66/19 : He…es a haly prophete and a verray in worde and in dede.
- c1429 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)1019 : Come, Lord, þat thi prophets be fonden lele and verray, Thyne heghtis and thaire figures be fulfilled in thaire day.
1b.
(a) Reliably indicative, sure; also, indisputable, certain;
(b) reliable, trustworthy; competent in a science or skill, knowledgeable; also, of a translator: faithful and accurate in translating.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.2.13 : Ȝyue ȝe to me a verrey tookne þat ȝe saue my fadyr & modir.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3473 : Oure lauerd…Had don hir in to sikernes, Thoru his werrai [Göt: verra] prophecie, Quat suld be þaa childer vie.
- c1400(?c1375) NHom.(3) Cec.(Tbr E.7)266 : And I might godes angell se, A verrayer takin might noght be.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1184 : So watz hit me dere þat þou con deme In þis veray avysyoun!
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4683 : Now haf yhe herd of þe bygynnyng Of anticrist…Þat men may a werray taken calle Þat agayne þe day of dome sal falle.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)111/20 : Þee þink þat þou haste verrey euidence þat heuyn is upwardes for Criste assendid þedir bodely upwardes.
- ?c1425 WBible(2) Prol.Rom.(3) (Add 11858)4.303 : The postle scheweth by verreiest resoun that euereither peple [Jews and Gentiles] gat forȝeuenesse and ben euene.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)9.91 : The fertilitee Of withi, reed, aller, yuy, or vyne That ther is water nygh is verry syne.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)123/496 : Pappes in þe brynkes of wondes…is uerei signe of ded flesche.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)107a/b : Þe more partie may neiþir be knowen by seynge ne by felynge but…by relacioun of þe pacientis greuaunce and oþere verry signis of þis cause.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)53 : Was…þe bordure enbelicit wyt bryȝt golde lettres, Bot roynyshe were þe resones…Fulle verray were þe vigures…Bot alle muset…quat hit mene shulde.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)494/78 : That I am Crist…by verey signes sone shall ye see.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.219 : He is a verrey philosofre þat haþ knowleche of þinges þat longeþ to God and to man.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.422 : With vs ther was a doctour of phisik…a verray, parfit practisour.
- a1450 WBible(2) Prols.1 Par.(NC 66)2.313 : It be of oure owne doom…to schewe of many draweris of hooly writ, which is verie and trewe.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)35/18 : Þere is no very mayster to tech men þe treuth but God alone.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)13 : Many other tokyns, and tailes…the which now may well be demyd by varay demonstracions and…pronosticacions to the Kyng of his deth and murdur, had he.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : Loke that thu bye it not bi no manere of wey, but if thu assay it first er than thu bye it with the moste verrey assay that longith therto.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)516 : That man…denyede utterly that he commaundede to make that instrumente, and soe…verey prove cowthe not be hade in that mater.
1c.
(a) Precise, accurate, exact; also, absolute; ~ soth, the simple truth; a simple truth; in ~ soth, for (in, of) ~ treuth;
(b) thorough, full; also, profound.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.31 : To hem þat will haue ful knowleche of stories nedeþ…verray [Higd.(2): trewe supputaciones] acountynge of ȝeres.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3924 : Vpon the…brook ther stant a melle, And this is verray sooth that I yow telle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.182 : Geometrie, Thurgh which a man hath…sleyhte, Of lengthe…To knowe the proporcion Be verrai calculacion Of this science.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.166 : This is a verray sooth with outen glose.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.243 : Deth was þe cruel mede, In verray sothe, of many worthi man.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.1.25 : I abood til that thou haddest swich habite of thi thought…or elles til that I myself hadde maked to the same habite, whiche that is a more verray thyng.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)66 : Ȝe may here The werre sothe…What was the forme enchesoun…That alle the kynges of Grecis…the Troyens so longe pursued.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)5/18 : Sche dede no þing wryten but þat sche knew rygth wel for very trewth.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)256 : In the speche of verri pure trouthe to be take withoute colour and figure, it is to be seid that the hond doith not the deede…but the ful hool man doith the deede bi his hond.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)368 : Forto speke in veri, trewe, propir speche, this stiward is not the bischopis…stiward, but he is the kingis stiward.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)187 : Greet arrours may fall…for the werkyn in the tables of the almanac is not verrey.
- (1459-60) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 83.7d : He seith pleynely for verray trouth…þt he…neither ffurnisshed…nor deliuered any harneys…to þe saide Erl.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1178/2 : Howbehit in very trouth sir Launcelot saw them [nat].
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1242/4 : Of Arthur…more of the verry sertaynte of hys deth harde I never rede.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)19a/a : I haue goon to alle þe grettiste charnellis þat beþ aboute Londoun where þat beþ scolle bonys wiþoute noumbre for to prouen by experience þe verri soþe.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)44 : Þis [?read: Þus] shall ye knowe for very sertente wheder your bayle be good & profetable for you or no.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1226 : I shall yow tell the verrey sothe…Howe hit was.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.12.10 : To ech man the schewynge of spirit is ȝouun to profyt…to another, discrescioun, or verrey knowynge, of spiritis.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.318-19 : Confession is verray shewynge of synnes to the preest; this is to seyn ‘verray’, for he moste confessen hym of alle the condiciouns that bilongen to his synne.
- (1420) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.298 : Doo þe saide accorde to be proclamed yn oure Citee of london…þat al oure pueple may haue verray knowlege þerof.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)457/1827 : Whytished in uryn…is takyn for ȝalowyshed…emang þam þat has not verra undyrstandynge.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)37/30 : Þe roote of discrecioun was a mannys verry knowynge of hymsilf and of my goodnes.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)5/1 : Ȝif ther be made speche to hym of any leche…thus may he curteysly answere: ‘I haue noȝt vrey knowleche of hym, but…I haue not herd of hym but gode.’
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1520 : Neccessarie…to euery congregacioun…is…very confessioun Of alle here defautes þat euery brothir hatȝ doo.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)78/15 : Þou desyres gretly for to hafe verray connynge and perfitt wysdom.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)256 : I it hold vertuouse and right commendabill To have verry knowlech of thingis reprouabill.
- (1463) Statutes Ireland 3p.112 : We…of oure verray science have graunted…auctorite to him…to make all oure…coignes.
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)277 : The prynce awoke and had werrey vnderstonding A man wes with hys doghtyr.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)91/28 : Þe keyes…be…putte in saue warde of þe…keper…so þat none dore ne gate þer be nat openid wiþoute verray knowinge of þe same Suster.
2.
(a) Just, righteous;
(b) lawful, valid; also, acceptable;
(c) legally entitled, legitimate;
(d) such as it should be, proper; also, appropriate [quot. c1450]; of weights and measures: corresponding to the standard; ~ pris (value), value ~, fair value.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.18.10 : Þe domes of þe lord, verre, iustified in to þemself.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.3.28 : Thou hast don verrey domes after alle thingus that thou leddist in vpon vs…for oure synnes.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)370 : Þe verray vengaunce of God schal voyde þis place!
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.18.8 : If a man shal be iust…he shal doo verre dom bitwix man and man.
- a1425(?c1400) Wycl.PN(2) (Hrl 2398)106 : Yf we praye God to forȝeve ous…and þerto holde malice in oure herte, we…axeþ verray vengeaunce to ous self of God þe hye Justice.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)218/24 : It is full harde to yeve therin very iugement.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)202 : We are turned agayn, to here a verrey dome, what is for to done of this thynge.
b
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)43/81 : Is ordeined þat what brother þat ne comeþ nouȝt atte somons of þe maistres…paie a pound wex bot if he haue verrey excusacion of his abscense.
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)52/46 : That they come…whan þey be warned to come, vpon þe foreseid peyne, but ȝif he haue a verrey encheson to be excused.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.998 : The seconde condicioun of verray confession is that it be hastily doon.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1659 : Iosep…wedyd oure lady: Þere was verry matrymony, with-oute fleshly dede of any.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26103 : We sal þe pointes rede þat warrai scrifte al of has nede.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)15/11 : Ȝou alle clerkes…entremete ȝou nouȝt of doome…of dower…For þe byheeste of dower is verrey couenaunt of temporalte.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)14 : Al þe lond þat he had, it was verrey purchas.
- ?c1430(a1400) Wycl.Wedded Men (Corp-C 296)189 : Jesus Crist wolde not be borne…ne conseyved, but in verrey matrimoyne.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)531 : Penaunce þat ys verrey…Loke thow preche ofte.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)15/25 : The Emperour…in hym he fyndyth defaute and verry cause, he depreuith hem of here benefyses.
- ?c1450 in Aungier Syon Mon.335 : None schal be ouer skypped…withe oute a very resonable cause.
- (1470) Paston1.562 : Þe said reuerend fader wol doo his effectuall deuoure to þe verry parfouremyng therof.
- (1474) RParl.6.112b : The…sommes…shuld be…put in…sauf garde…unto the tyme that…ferther direction were taken for the verrey and certeyn employment of the same.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1545 : See that your grounde be very, good, and clere…Or ellys it is but slaunder to your name.
c
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/39 : Be þet hi offrede Stor…seawede þe he was verray prest.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1551 : Cadmus…Of his lynage am I…By verray ligne as of the stok roial.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1331 : Jaspar gayfe hym gold to hys offryng In taken þat he was verray kyng, Ouer all kynges power had.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)1/9 : My worde be…to the, þat forsakis thy awne lustis…to seryf our lorde Iesu criste, þe verrey kyng.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)19 : Ȝif þat o part holdiþ wiþ o pope and þe toþer wiþ o noþere pope, and eche partie seie…þat þis pope is verray and noon oþere, [etc.].
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)63/3 : Be heritage Seint Gilbert was very eyer of þis possession & of many othir.
- (1461) RParl.5.465b : Richard Duc of York, verrey, true, and rightfull heire to the Corones, Roiall Estate and Dignite of the Reames of Englond and Fraunce, [etc.].
- (1461) RParl.5.477a : Henry Duc of Somerset, purposyng…to distroy…Richard late Duc of York…and in his lyf verrey Kyng in right of the Reame of Englond…murdred the seid…Duc.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)42 : Crist…bi þe state of innocence he is verray Lord, for man was maad to lord in alle creaturis.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)244 : The soule…of God ys…ordenyde euer for to endure In blys, of wyche ys he þe veray hayer.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)3265 : Heravde was…dredyng…lest a kyng verray of Iewes blode þen born had be to haue supplauntid hym.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)3/8 : The olde faders…were veray possessioners of the same and aftir their decesse lefte it to their successours.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.259 : He sent to kynge Henry his crowne…Of Ierusalem…As to hym that was then the very heyre.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.25.15 : Wiȝt þou shalt haue iust & verrey, & euyn busshel & verrey shal be to þe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.43.13 : These sothely the mesures of the auter in a cubit most verre [WB(2): in a verieste cubit], that hadde a cubit and an hond.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.163 : Amendes I wille make…þi godes þe biken, or þe valow verray.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)64 : Þouȝe ther [be] alauntes of alle hewes, þe verrey hue of þe good alauntz þt is moost comon shuld be white.
- (1423) RParl.4.257b : He…tourneth thens and goth to Juelleres, Goldsmythes, or other that werken Gold…and sellit hit thaym to the verrey value.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)133/11 : It is…to haue þe bestes or catel aȝen or þe verray prise wiþ half þat may come þerof.
- (1429) RParl.4.346a : That the saide trespassours restore…here saide Corne and Marchaundises, Godes and Catelles, so taken, or the verray value of hem, with resonable amendes for the harmes of suche takyng.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)149/4450 : What y do as very were to man As hiris are asittyng to woman.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.49p.40 : I wil that…the seid places with the portenances be soold to the verray valew.
- (1472-5) RParl.6.154b : Many…Marchauntes…Merchaundises by…fraudulent moiens conveie to land, not paiyng therof the verrey Custumes or Subsidies due therof.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)566/9 : Edward…graunted…that þei myght purchase londis…to the valew of an c shillings by yere, after the verry valew of the same.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.1620 : To mewe an hauke I schall tell verray medecyne.
3a.
(a) Such by strict definition; which properly bears the name;
(b) truly and thoroughly such, corresponding fully with what is implied by the name.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 Wor.F.157.Gloss.(Wor F.157)184 : Apium: vraimerch.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.255 : Verray Germania [Higd.(2): Germany or Allemeyne properly seyde; L Germania proprie dicta] haþ in þe est side þe mouth of þe ryuer Danubius.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1029/21 : By ofte chaungynge and tilyeng, þe wilde rose torneþ and chaungeþ in to a verray rose.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)96/14 : If þat he be a uerry cankre…þe more þou woldist clense him, þe more his malice schal wexen.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.150 : The verreie trewe corn…fil seuerid from the chaf.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)105/27 : As the fyn perl congeleth and wexeth gret of the dew of heuene, right so doth the verray dyamand.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)49/16 : Þer ben twelue ribbes on eiþer side off þe bodie…ffyue fals ribbes and seuene verreie oþer trewe ribbes.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)113/13 : The tokenes and domes ben as it were of þe verray ydema, but þat þe swellynge is more louse.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)3/12 : Þis is verry gold of þe myn, of þe erþe, or of þe floodis gaderid, for gold of alkamy maad with corosyues distroieþ kynde.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)124/1-2,3,5 : Þer ben two maneris of pluresie, very and not very: Very pluresie is in þe mydrif, and…Not very is in oon of þe sides…And…tokenes…ben more greuous in very pluresie þan in þe toþir.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)34b/a : His fleisch is as it were lacertous, ffor it if were a verry lacerte his strenkþe schulde be voluntarie and not naturel.
- a1500 Cmb.Diseases Hawk (Cmb Ll.1.18)47 : Take a ȝispon off frodill…Cut hym and lay hym on thi tong and iff yt be vre it wyll byte þe sharplich.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)19b/20 : In woundys…grestelis and webbis of ffell ne bethe not souwed by verrey restrenyng.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)88 : Loue of herte, ful of pite, Þat is verray humilite.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)1.6 : Verrey forsoþ þat frenschipe is…þe whych not profyte of famylier þing, not presence onely of bodijs…bot þe drede of god & þe studyes of goddis scripturez Ioynen.
- (a1392) Clanvowe 2 Ways (UC 97)69/471,473 : Þise…been noone verrey richesses but þing of nouȝt þat letteþ men to gederen hem þe…richesses of heuene, þe whiche been verrey richesses.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2894 : Al is verai tricherie, For…The more he swerth, the more he lieth.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.9.173,176 : Erthly…power and swiche thynges…semen lyknesses of verray good…But thilke good that is verray and parfyt that mai thei nat yeven.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)310 : Crist, verrest bischop of alle, cursede not for his tiþes.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)351 : Very religion, as þe holi apostill seith…Is to visite fadirles & wydowis.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)44/16 : To I am substancyallye aned to hym I may nevere have love, reste, ne varray blysse.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)38/23 : He louez god of charite that kepes principally wel the for-sayde commaundmentes of verre loue and not seruyle drede.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1148/2 : Sir Gareth…was of verry knyghthod worth all the brethirn.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.4.3a : Þis cnowynge is good, and hit mai be callid a partie of contemplacion…Neuerþeles, hit is bute a figure and a schadue of verreie contemplacion, for hit hath naughst gostly sauour in God.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)52/27 : Souerayn and verray goodnes [Caritate: þe most hye and trwe goodenes]…are yn a kynge þat withdrawys hym from þe siluer and poscessiouns of his subgitz.
- a1500(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(1))16370 : I haue no verray Restynge place, but only in the.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)17/17 : Ofte tymes it semeþ to be charite & it is carnalite, for…He þat haþ very & parfit charite sekith himself in no þynge.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)46/1 : Very welth may not be founden in al this worlde.
3b.
(a) Exhibiting the indicated action or virtue or possessing the specified character in its full and genuine form, worthy of the name: knightly, wifely, faithful, etc. [the precise meaning is dependent on the context];
(b) such in essential respects; metaphorically such, veritable; also, which conforms in essential respects to an archetype, ideal;—used in metaphoric descriptions of God, Christ, etc.;
(c) theol. which a type foreshadows, antitypical.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3568 : Wele haþ Gij don…As gode kniȝt & verray.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.72 : He was a verray [vr. weray], parfit, gentil knyght.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2275 : That is a verrai, gentil man.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)198/13 : Þei weren uerrei weigoers, hauinge no propretees aȝenes here Fadur wille.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)372/5 : Was þer euere founde ony verry seruaunt of myn spouse…which pereschide euere for hungir?
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)87/26 : Because þat knyȝtis schuld be more enclyned to armys þan to plesaunces…þerbi a man may knowe þe verry [Othea: good] knyȝt.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)131/10 : A verrey, meke man or womman wolde be holde for foul and nouȝt y-holde ne preised for a good, meke man.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)165/36 : A verier beggere is þer noon bodely þan is a synnefull man goostely.
- (1453) LRed Bk.Bristol2.200 : Which Maire and his successours y will…to be true and verray patrouns of the saide Chaunterie.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)11/1 : If þou wilt be a verry ouercomer of þin hert, lerne to suffre mekly.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)138/26 : Sir Damas…is…full of treson, and a very cowarde as lyvyth.
- a1500(a1475) Ashby Dicta (Cmb Mm.4.42)245 : Who that cannat disseure wise from bad Shal haue no verrey freendes þat be sad.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)89/16 : Þe very pacient takiþ non hede wheþir he suffre of his prelate or of his piere, or of his lower.
b
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.108 : As…goddes son…is verray liȝth þat aliȝtteþ alle þat willen bileuen in hym…so þe son of lernesse…shal be clepid liȝth falslich.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 15.1 : I am a verri vyne, and my fadir is an erthe tilier.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.263 : Haile stoones…beet þe erþe wiþ verrey stoones.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.558 : Dronkenesse is verray [vr. veraye] sepulture Of mannes wit and his discrecioun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.593 : Euery lesynge is agayns Crist, for Crist is verray trouthe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.2.15 : Thilke God, for he loketh and seeth alle thingis alone, thou maist seyn that he is the verrai sonne.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)219/27 : Ȝe schulen come to me, þat am verry eendeless liȝt.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)31/22 : I preue þat þow art a very dowtyr to me & a modyr also, a syster, a wyfe, and a spowse.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2471 : Summe that been angelic to seene…Been at a preeff verrai leonessis.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)8/5 : Be-cause it may be lettid be assautes…of the enemye of helle…we may calle mankyndli lif verrai chyualrie.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)84 : She is the…verray [vr. vere] lyght That in this derke world me…ledeth.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)26/6,8 : Þat it is verry gostly mete he provith…where he seith…‘My flessh…is verry mete and my blode is verry drinke.’
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)66 : She was a werreye lywys leche To all people stondinge in any hewynesse.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)218/30 : The dispenses…that he makith…is a verey swolow wherin all…be founderid.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)58/5 : Þat gode lorde…is verrey salve vnto þe soule.
- a1500 12 PTrib.(2) (Rwl C.894)396 : Euery vyne-braunche þat bringeth forth no frute in me þat am a warre [vr. ware] vyne my fader…schal kut hym of.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)31/423 : Our swordes of fyer shall bee ther bonne, and myselfe there verye fonne to flame them in the face.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.8.2 : We han such a bischop…mynistre of…the verri tabernacle, that God sette, and not man.
- ?c1400 Wycl.CGosp.Matthew (Add 41175:Hudson)61/53 : It was neede þe ilke figuratif pask of þe Olde Testament to be endid byfore, and so to passe to sacramentis of verrey pask.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.9.24 : Iesus entride not in handely maad seyntus þat only arn þe exsaumplarijs of verrey seyntus, but he entride in to…heuyn.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)2629 : Purificacioun fulle werray come when Crist light in oure kynde; thenne figuratif most passe awaye.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)215 : The sone of God…is the veray, triewe oile of mercy.
4.
Faithful; ?also, upright, of good character.
Associated quotations
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.343 : Thise…wordes…the markys sayde To this benygne verray feithful mayde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.141 : I to ben youre—verray, humble, trewe…this mene I.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1686 : Telle I…this storye…for to…drawe to memorye…the verray [vr. werie] trewe Lucresse.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)819 : Nadde Sydrakes God good and verray be, He hadde to-broste.
5a.
(a) Such in reality, real; actually such, as opposed to purportedly or apparently such; authentic, as opposed to counterfeit; real, as opposed to imitation or mock; the ~ cros, cros ~, the true cross;
(b) astron. actual or precise, as opposed to nominal or approximate; specif., of the angles and positions of Ptolemaic astronomy: corrected from the ‘mean’ or uniformly changing value so as to reflect each planet’s departure from uniform angular velocity [see D. Price, EPlanets, pp.93-118]; ~ est (south, west), true east, etc.;
(c) after ~ sothfastnesse, in ~ dede (existence), in reality.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)129 : He bisouȝt ihu…To sende him…For to wite þe soþe…Ȝif þe relikes verray were.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.165 : If that it a verray aungel be, Thanne wol I doon as thow hast prayed me.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)851/21,26 : It is harde and gret difficulte to knowe bitwen þe verry precious stones and fals, for ofte þilke þat ben false and gilefulle semen most liche to hem þat ben trewe and verray…For…somtyme men by craft arrayen…vitrum and putten it forþ in þe stede of smaragdus and bigylen so mennes yhen wiþ fals likenesse of trewe and verray smaragdus.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)194/25 : Here riche apparaile…loþ hem were to leue it, for þanne þei hadden lost here uerrey religioun.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)457/1826 : Oft-tym whytished in uryn…is takyn for…verra whythede.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)185 : Ech deede semyng to be a verri miracle of God, and hauyng notable euidencis that it is a miracle of God…schulde be take…holde as a myracle of God.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)61/3 : Þe schilde of twigges and þe mase of tree…were ordeyned to be of double weyȝte…þat when he come to his verray schelde and his verray swerd he schulde so muche þe gladloker.
- a1450 Of Widwehod (Bod 938)186/47 : Þe Apostle seiþ, ‘Truli, sche þat is verily a widewe’…when þe Apostle nameþ veri widewis, he schewiþ þat þer ben false widewis.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)671 : Hercules…Divisede…a dosain of wondrus Þat ȝe avowen verraie.
- (1470) Paston1.420 : Grete substaunce…haue be wasted…the verey wille of the seid Syr John Fastolf in many grete parties thereof delaied.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)329 : He made vpon hym the signe of the very crosse.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)991 : God that dyed on crosse verye, On thy soule have mercy.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)84 : There was no man…that coude deme which of hem was verry Emperour.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)32/467 : God will come the laste daye to deeme mankynde in fleshe verey.
- -?-(1467) Will in Som.RS 16196 : My verrey and parfyt will is that my…goodes moveable make satisfaccion unto such folkes.
b
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)32/7,8 : The ark by twixe the verrey place…of the planete…& the verrey place of the epicicle considered in the lymbe is cleped equacioun of his argument.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)34/17 : Tak ther the verrey centre defferent of mercurie.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)38/17 : The ark by twixe the verrey motus & the mene motus of the mone is the equacion of his argument in the lymbe.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)Introd.91 : The…fourthe partie…shal shewen a table of the verrey moeving of the mone.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.17.18-19 : Thys cercle equinoxiall turnith justly from verrey est to verrey west.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.28.21-2 : These signes arisen…bitwixe the verrey est and the verrey south.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)185 : The firste chapitre is for to knawe the verray entre of the Sonne into the firste minute of Arietis.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)221 : The argument of Mercurie, verey; yf it be fro 153 greis in to 180, it sal be in occasu vespertino.
c
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)166a/a : Aftir verrei soþefastnesse…what medicine…þat doeþ enye þinge þat is superflue…fro a mannes bodie…is of þe kinde of mundificatiues.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)118/18 : Þe lijf of ypocrites is…as…a fantesie…which shewith outwarde likenes of an ymage, þe which is not in verry deede inwarde.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)7910 : Þei…despysyd…That semyth to be sumwhat in apparence And ryht nowht ys in very existence.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)2581 : The deede berith wittnesse…Of godly myht…Riht as it is in verray existence.
5b.
(a) Earnest, sincere; unfeigned, heartfelt [some exx. may belong to sense 3b.(a)];
(b) confident, sure.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.89 : He is…no verray repentant that eft soone dooth thyng for which hym oghte repente.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.129 : Contricioun is the verray sorwe that a man receyueth in his herte for his synnes with sad purpos to shryue hym.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)44/766 : Þe pharyse grucchede, hauynge enuye of Marye, verrey penaunt.
- c1410 Visit.Infirm.(1) (UC 97)450 : This stoon is þi sowle…The strokere wherwith þou slykest this stoon is verrey repentaunce þat þou schalt haue in thyn herte, sorwyng of þi synne.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)61/104 : Graunt me trew confession And very contrecion Hens ore I wynd.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3313 : Mercy…Of herte is a verray compassioun Of othir menys harm.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)296 : Ihesu…graunte me…verre [vr. vere] contrycyone of my synne.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)580 : The teres gan fro myn eyen reyn Ful piteusly for werry inwarde routhe.
- c1450 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 853)435 : Hadde y of synne ben a verri forsaker, Of crist schulde y haue had knowyng.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)38/12 : Veray charite clensith þe soule.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget (Gar 145)98/4 : His dome shall be fullfylled apon all peple þat torne not to him with wery mekenes.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)118.163 : Luf of godenes is…hateredyn of malice withouten that has na man luf verray til godis laghe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)596 : Sidrak…þankid God with herte verreie.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4625 : Grekis þouȝt of verray trust Þat þei of Troye stoden at her lust.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)136/10 : If siche pul up by þe roote…her owne goostly loue fro hemsilf…not leuynge þis seruyle dreede…vncorrectid wiþ þe liȝt of verry deuoute feiþ, þanne mowe þei…come to my…loue.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)1441 : My bileue is verray, Of alle prophetes…Þou art Lord.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)115/28 : Seyntis prayen…for hem that are to be baptised that they mowe reseyue the sacrament of baptyme with a verrey feyth.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)13 : I haue very trust in god, that…ye shall not be deed ther-fore.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)28/30 : By veray feithe is put away all contrarye affeccions.
5c.
(a) Of God, a pagan god, etc.: truly (as opposed to falsely) so called; real, as opposed to nonexistent;—often used epithetically or emphatically; ~ god, god (lord) ~;
(b) used to emphasize the reality of the miracles of transubstantiation or the hypostatic union: actual; genuinely such.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.460 : Scheld me…Astow art lord verray.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 17.3 : This is euerlasting lyf, that thei knowe thee aloone, verry God.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)341 : Ȝif þise þreo persones…han bote on godhede…þat on is a verrei god…þis oþer two nare none.
- c1400 Wycl.10 Com.(2) (Sim)318 : What þing eny mon loueþ most, ȝif hit beo not verrei god him self, þt same þing falsli þei maken heore god.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1464 : O verray God, so have I ronne!
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)10/17 : Þis foreward…we mad at þe fontston…to byleue in God veray.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)147/35 : Mahounde is god werraye.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)2443 : I aske þee…Wheþer þou be oþer nay Goddes Sone verray.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)120/3 : Þan þou haddist mo goddis þan oon, or ellis an oþer þan him which is verry god.
- c1475 *Bk.Marchalsi (Trin-C R.14.51)62a : Criste…as verrely as thou [art] verray Fader and verray Sone and verray Holy Goste…also verrely…yif saluacion to thys beste.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)23/1 : Myghtfull god veray…Thou maide both nyght & day.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)19/20 : O very God, what…hath…ouircome me?
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)75 : Thys man…was þe very Sone of God.
b
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)119/951 : Þese heretikis…felede mys of…how Crist toke verey mannes kynde of oure lady.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1774 : Godhede…nom Oure fleissh and verai man becom.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22729 : A clude…bar him vp…Warrai man and godd warrai.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)297/11 : He makeþ þe peple to do ydolatrie, makynge hem to do worschip to an hoost vnconsecrate as þei wolden do to þe verry body and blood of myn oonli…sone.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)63/18 : I beleue truly in þis bred þat ȝe bene Verey God and mon.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)52 : That ȝong child Jesu kyndeliche wepte…for…he hadde verray flesche and kyndely sufferable as haue othere children.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)178/8 : That thynge that he schal receyue in the auter es…very god that made heuen and erthe, and very man that henge on cros for vs.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)54/1 : Oure Lord…was duelling verray fleishly man xxxij yeris.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)60/82 : He aftyr his resurreccion returne xal to hefne both god and verry man, ther endles to be.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)1.15.9b : Ihesu…born In very flesch and blood for mannes love, To the will I now appelle.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11916 : If þat sacrament wore His flesshe only…Wiþ-oute blood…His verre body were it noght.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)76/195 : Cryst…came to save mankynd…conseywyd of þe Holly Gost, werry God and mane.
6a.
As an intensive:
(a) especially such; fully and thoroughly such, such indeed, very much such;—with specific meaning often contextual: sound (sleeper), severe (pestilence), utmost (diligence), etc.;
(b) precisely determined, absolute.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.152 : This holde I for a verray nycetee.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4081 : What eyleth yow to grone in this manere? Ye ben a verray slepere, fy, for shame!
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1264 : God sende hem soone verray pestilence!
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.2893 : Zizara…To Israel verray mortall fo.
- (1446) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1339 : The said maister…shal do his verray diligence to pourvey…a place as gode to inhabit…as his is.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.9.5 : Tak there the space of all the hool day vulgar unto verrey night.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)58/1691 : Awake this day, awake, o verry fy!
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.16p.8 : Venyson…is verrey poyson to hauke.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.14.9a : Þe vertues whilk were first heuy for to don arn now turned in to verrei delit and sauour.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)79/1 : Slowthe…though so be she be contrary to all folkis, yette I wote wele she is a very enemye to youthe.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)141/19 : O þat very hevenly grace, wiþoute whom propirly þere are no merytes!
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)784 : Þei…fet Of verre venym a greet goblet.
b
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.1.3 : Than wol the verrey poynt of thy rewle sitten…upon the degre of thy sonne.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)1.4.5a : The clernesse amenused dounward…even to the veray centre.
6b.
As an emphatic, used to lend emphasis or give prominence:
(a) to the thing itself over against alternatives, attendant circumstances, etc.: alone; actual, itself; also, without modification, pure; the ~ dede (purpos), ~ treuth, etc., the actual deed (purpose, truth, etc.), the deed (purpose, truth, etc.) itself;
(b) to the uniqueness of the thing: the one and only; also, pertaining to an individual, proper [quot. ?a1475];
(c) to the identity of something with something noted elsewhere: selfsame; the ~ same;
(d) to a possessive: own, very own; also, rightful or actual;
(e) to that which by virtue of its insignificance represents an extreme case: the ~, even the.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.978 : For his complexioun Is mad upon divisioun…He mot be verray kynde dye.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)7/7 : Al þing þat we wolde knowe…we moun knowe, eiþer bi his name…or bi his verri beynge schewynge propirte of him-silf.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4157 : His hors fersly gan takyn in þe syde, Til þer ran out þe verray red blood.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4627 : Grekis þouȝt…Þat þei of Troye stoden at her lust, Holdynge hem silfe verray victours.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16349 : My mete is þe verray syȝt of þe godhed.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)188/15 : How grete es the folye of hem anemste whom an ymage es more worthi than verry truthe.
- (1461) RParl.5.465a : It be…ordeyned…for the avoidyng of the seid usurpacion…verrey cause and grounde of the tribulation, persecution and advercite therof that the seid Henry…be…unabled…to have…eny…dignite…or possessions.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)527/11 : Sir Launcelot had wacched uppon sir Trystram in veary purpose to have felyshipped with hym.
- (?1472) Stonor1.125 : I have comfortabul demenure of my mastresse, but as to the wery purpose.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)167/24 : The standardys ben displayed agains the enmyes, but the verray deede is agains me.
- c1450(1446) Nightingale (Clg A.2)2/24 : This your nightyngale…All loue vnlawfle…hit will deface…Gladyng euery hert of veray reson.
- a1500 *MS Trin-O.291a : Adam…was made…of þe very foule slyme of þe erthe.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.912 : Neuere was ther gardyn of swich prys But if it were the verray Paradys.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4290 : Ethiocles…Of al this sorowe verraye sours and welle, with a dagger…his brother smoot.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1967 : In veraay blysse Here þowte she was for his comynge.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)324 : She was…Verray exaumple and eke the welle Of al beaute in this worlde here.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)358/98 : What is the very name that to youre persone dith is?
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)1 : The very fownder and begynner of owr fyrst creacyon Amonge ws synfull wrechys he oweth to be magnyfyede.
c
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3753 : The flawme of the verry bronde That venus brought…Hadde Bialacoil with hete smete.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)233/84 : This is the blynd man which yesterdaye asked our almes…Yt is the verey same.
d
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)40/584-5 : Ihon Baptiste in his moder wombe…knew and saluede…as a criour his verray iustyse, as a kniȝt is verrey kynge.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)510 : He hym bysoghte…that he wolde…make hym sure of this thyng anon, ȝif he were his verrey sone or non.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)985/11 : Whan sir Percyvale undirstode she was hys verry syster, he was inwardly glad.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2331 : His verre spouse he forsook And to þe deuels counseil he him took, For mannes soule is Goddes wyf.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.173 : O besy goste…That never art in quiet nor in rest Till thou cum to that place…Quhich is thy first and verray proper nest.
e
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4575 : Ran cow and calf and eek the verray hogges.
6c.
As an intensive or emphatic in selected phrases:
(a) in prep. phrases expressive of motive and causation: for ~ age (filth), on account of age (filth) alone; for ~ drede, for ~ pure joie (anger), etc., for sheer terror (joy, anger), etc.; of ~ bounte (desir, etc.), out of sheer generosity (desire, etc.);
(b) in prep. phrases expressive of manner and means: bi ~ force (and might, of ~ force (might), etc., by sheer force, by main force; also, indisputably; also, by necessity, irresistably; of ~ approbacioun, in the approved manner; upon the ~ trot, quickly;
(c) in prep. phrases expressing the appropriateness of an action or its conformity to justice, moral obligation, etc.: of ~ duete (resoun), rightfully; of ~ (due) right, aptly; rightly; justly; of ~ rigour, justly;
(d) in phrases of denigration and abuse: ~ fol (knave, wrecche, etc.), utter fool, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1393 : He dorste nat for verray filthe and shame Seye that he was a somnour.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1926 : Cethes, of verray reklesnesse þou hast…bothe two for-goo.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1478 : Was hire usaunce To…don plesaunce Of verrey bounte and of curteysye.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)prol.216 : The comon peeple in ther opynyoun For verray dreed tremble doun & quake.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)2591 : She gynneth to wepe For verray Ioye.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)500 : He fill sodenlich in-to…a frensy ffor pure verry angir.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)492/30 : Than for verry pure joy La Beall Isode sowned.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1183/5 : Whan he harde of the deth of…sir Gaherys and sir Gareth, than he sowned for verry pure sorow.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.45.30b : As mikil lond as þou maiȝt treden vpoon wiþ þi foot of verrey disir, so mikel schalt þou han.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1255 : For very glad he wist not what to saye.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1073 : Your lymmes do you faile For verray age.
b
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3456 : She koude…Wrastlen by verray force and verray myght With any yong man.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2519 : He mot awaite…So that nothing be lefte aside, Ferst of the distillacion…And forth with calcinacion Of veray approbacion.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.888 : Of which mayde…By verray force he rafte hir maydenhed.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Mil.(Hrl 7334)A.3770 : Absolon…some gay gurl…haþ brought ȝou þus vpon þe verytrot.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.594 : On his schulders square, Of verray myȝt þe firmament he bare.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.10.47 : God is so good that it proeveth by verray force that parfyt good is in hym.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.636 : Wer…al ther meyne of verray force & myht Slayn in the feeld.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)121 : This marcial man…Twies put off…bi verray force & myht, Bi the prowesse of Cassibalan.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)13/27 : Necessite surmowntith nature and of veray force it causith hym to renne owte from his rewlis.
c
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1627 : This welle is clepid…The welle of loue, of verray right.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)360 : Hym oweth, of verray duetee, Shewen his peple pleyn benygnete.
- ?1435(1432) Lydg.Hen.VI Entry (Jul B.2)145 : Fortune gaff him eke prosperite…with this scripture…To him applyed off verrey dewe riht.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)40 : But thou er that day correcte, Of verrey right my werk wol me confounde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)779/13 : I and ony knyght in this londe of worshyp muste of verry ryght succoure and rescow so noble a knyght as ye.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3184 : He Wych that hath the souereynte The cheff vyker above echon Off verray ryght…Ys curat.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)56 : This Steward, Thesaurer, or Countroller, of verry duetee, one of them, or all, ought to be at the dayly accomptes.
- c1450(1446) Nightingale (Clg A.2)5/117 : Euery cristen-man Soule…oweth of nature Ande verray reson do diligence…Oute of the sleep of synne to a-wake.
- c1450(1446) Nightingale (Clg A.2)8/207 : In tyme of Noe…all oder for synne…Of verey rygour, ryght as thay had deserued…were dreynt.
d
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1606 : What, verray fool, thynk wel that loue is free?
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.253 : If that she be fair, thow verray knaue, Thow seist that euery holour wol hire haue.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.913 : How often hastow…seyd that Loves servantz everichone Of nycete ben verray Goddes apes?
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)259 : He nys but a verray propre fol That loveth paramours, to harde and hote.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)895/36 : Sir Launcelot…called hymselff a verry wrecch and moste unhappy of all knyghtes.
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)225 : Thou were…a verry natural foole.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.169 : O! verray sely wrech.
7.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1301) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 2114 : Galfrido Veraycroyse.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475(c1450) ?Scrope Mirror World (Bod 283) 7368 : These be the vii rewlis of this liff, the whiche the veraye Salamon techith to his childer.
Note: Ed.: "veraye: '?wise'..The French reads, perhaps erroneously, 'le vrai Salomen.'"
Note: ?New sense.