Middle English Dictionary Entry
verjǒus n.
Entry Info
Forms | verjǒus n. Also verjouse, verjouce, verjeuce, verjus(e, verjose, verjois, verejouse, werjuis, wirjuis & vergious, vergeous(e, vergius, vergieux, vergies, vergeus, vergous, vergus, verguce, vergeis, vergois, verges(e, vergis, vergust, vargis, wergeis, wergois & vertjous, vertjeus, vērtjuis, vertejuse, verdjus & (?error) verceuse, (errors) verinys, vernis. |
Etymology | OF verjus, vertjus, verjust, vergus, AF vertjous, verj(i)ose. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Acidic juice extracted from unripe or sour fruit, chiefly grapes but also crabapples, verjuice:
(a) generally, or as a commodity, of unspecified purpose;
(b) used in combs. or phrases specifying the type or intended or customary use of various vessels: ~ barel, barillum ad (pro) ~, botel ~, a barrel (bottle) for storing verjuice;
(c) cook. as an ingredient in dishes or sauces; also, such considered with regard to its medicinal or wholesome properties [last quot.]; ~ of grapes, grapes ~;
(d) cook. as a sauce; also, such considered with regard to its medicinal or wholesome qualities; also, sauce made with green herbs [= vert-sauce n.], whether or not containing verjuice; also fig. [quot. c1390]; ?also, the green color of such sauce [quot. c1400]; ~ sauce; mete ~, ?a pottage of white meat in green sauce;
(e) as a tonic or medicine, usu. in the form of a drink mixed with other liquids; also as an ingredient of topical medications; also, ?as an herbal potion of astringent properties [quot. ?c1425];
(f) in prov. expression.
Associated quotations
a
- (1338) Doc.in Dugdale Monasticon 2585 : In ovis, iiij d.; In flore, j d.; In skirwhittes, j d.; In j quarterio de veertiuys, j d. ob.
- (1378) Stonor1.14 : Solutum est pro j quarto de verceuse, ij d.
- (1388-9) Acc.Abingdon in Camd.n.s.5153 : Recepta…de xiij s. iiij d. de vino, Et de xx s. ob. de vuis, Et de ij s. de verdius.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.222 : [2 small kegs…containing 16 gallons of] vertjeus.
- (1412-13) Acc.Abingdon in Camd.n.s.5175 : Recepcio de Gardino…De vuis nichil hoc anno, quia remanent in Infirmaria pro vergis inde faciendis.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)619/36 : Viridissiccus [read: Viridissuccus]: verinys [read: veriuys].
- (1455) Doc.in HMC Rep.5 App.492 : Paid for botter, egges, vyngere, and vergeis, 9 d.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4923 : I wille that Jenette my nece haue…ij stondyng cuppys of erthe the toon keverid, a barell with wergoys, and a botel for wynne.
- (1467-8) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9992 : Pro ii bus. de Scrabbez emp. pro verius inde fiend. 22 d.
- (1468-9) in Willis & C.Cambridge 3579 : Pro le Stampyng de le Crabbez viz. pro iiij duss’ et iijor lagenis de le veriuse.
- (c1475) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV (Hrl 642)46 : Item, to make vergeouse themselves, &c.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)133a : Verejouse: viridis succus.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)92/324b : Acetum…vargis.
- a1500 When nettuls (BodPoet e.1)270 : Whan…musketes mak vergese of crabbes sower…Than put women in trust.
b
- (1301-3) Sacrist R.Ely 218 : Pro j barillo ad verious.
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5223/13 : Per manus Ricardi Couper pro ij barellis ab ipso emptis pro cenape et verges imponendo, ix d.
- (1403) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.128 : [A barrel and a] vergoysbarell [worth 6 d.].
- (1431-2) EEWills91/19 : I lent hem a chest and a vergyous barell.
- (1447-8) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.99275 : Ricardo Smyth pro…2 barellez pro le vergieux, 16 d.
- (1452-3) Will York in Sur.Soc.45139 : Coquina…ij barelles pro vergust, xij d.
- (1454) Will York in Sur.Soc.30172 : A verguce barrell.
- (c1475) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV (Hrl 642)62 : Clerke of Controulment…ys to see to…mesures of tonnes, fattes…to the lowest mesure of pottes of all wynes…or bottelles vergys.
c
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)47.16/1 : Bruet seec: Swete broþ, vergus of grapees, percil ygrounden idon þryn.
- ?c1400 Form Cury (Dur-U Cosin V.3.11)131.148/3 : Vertesaus broun…Tempere it wyt verius or wyt sorel & serue it forth.
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)127.127/6 : Cawdel of muskels…do þerto verious and vyneger, take whyte of lekes & perboile hem wel.
- ?a1450 Ashm.Cook.Bk.(Ashm 1439)109 : Sauce for a gos…tempre it vp wiþ verious.
- c1450 Dc.55 Cook.Recipes (Dc 55)115 : Take fressh broth…crome ther-to herde yolkes of eyren tyll it be well thykke, and kest ther-to pouudre of gyngeuere…& vertious and salt, [etc.].
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)80 : Conyng or hen…whan hit is boiled ynogh, caste there-to powder of ginger, vergeous, and salt.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)34.47/4 : Conynggez yn clere broth…Sesyn hit up with…gynger…and vergyes.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)124.86/2 : Chauet of beef…do therto…grapys vergys, safron, & salt.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)126.86/2 : Take chikenes clene skallyd…corouryst [?read: colour] hem with wergeys, safron, [etc.].
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)53 : To mak pyes of flesche…mete it with malmsey or vergius and cast in saffron and salt.
- a1500(a1449) Lydg.Pestil.(Lnsd 699)21 : Poletis & chekenys…Ete hem with sauce and spar nat for dispence Verious [vrr. verioys, verieuce], vynegre, & thynfluence Of holsom spices.
d
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)49.31/3 : Qwen þeos swete þinges beoþ wel ysoden togedre, a lute broþ in þe vergus.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)167-8,170 : We schulde ete vr lomb in sour vergeous; Sour vergeous mai make vr soules glad…Sour vergeous schal make þe deuel adrad.
- c1400 Sln.468 Cook.Recipes (Sln 468)85.10/1,8 : To make mete vernis [?read: verius]: Tak capounnes or hennes or fresch pork…& þan stampe vyne leues & croppes…& tempere þe…flesch þerwith…& put þerto poudre of canel & of greyn de parys & ceucre, & þat colour schal be vernis [?read: verius].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)508 : Veriowce, sawce: Agresta.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)102 : Perche boiled…þe sau[c]e is vinegre or vergeous [vr. vert sauce].
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)104 : Gurnard rosted or boyled…sauce to him is sauce of ginger, or vergyussauce.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)180.103/23 : Serve congure…& sauce hit with vergeys [Sln.7: verd sauce].
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)107/236 : Here is…A calf lyuer skorde with the veryose, Good sawse.
e
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.69 : Venym & verious [vr. weriuis], or vynegre [vr. vinegre or wyriuis], I trowe, Walewiþ in my wombe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)125b/a : 2a. is complete…as to þe noseþrillez with agrest, i. veriouse, & water of rosis.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)2.48/6 : Be þer giffen þe broth of a chiken alterate with lactuces & vergeous.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)123b/b : He schal drinke water wiþ veriuse, oþer wiþ wyne of poumme garnades.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)584/5 : Repercussif or constreynynge…ben colde herbes: morelle…acassia, verte-iuse, sumac.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)23/31 : Tak þe jewse of rubarbe & porcalane ana, stamp þam & menge þam with vergeous, & wasche a clathe in þe jewse & lay on þe breste & the stomake.
- c1450 *Chauliac(1) (Sln 3666)152b/b : Agresta…is repercussiue: vergeous.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)33/17 : If a man wolde leve the drynkyng of wyne…make him drynke of verious and watir.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15630 : I…Yive…vergows and vynegre To encresse her trouble…to folkys colleryk.
f
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)171/12 : An yll husbond…destrueth his present substaunce or he make purveaunce of that is comynge; He etteth his vigen in vergeus [F menjut sa vigne en verjus].