Middle English Dictionary Entry
squāren v.
Entry Info
Forms | squāren v. Also square, sware, (N) squeire; p.ppl. squared, etc. & isquared, squard, swaret, sward, (error) swardded. |
Etymology | From AL squarrāre to square (timber) & OF esquar(r)er, vars. of escarrer; also cp. ME squāre n., & cp. ML squarātus adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To make (sth.) square in shape; cut (a trencher) to a square shape; mark (sth.) out as a square; ppl. squared, made square in outline; square in shape; of a cart: having a square floor; squared oute, measured out in squares; (b) of troops: to form a square formation; (c) ppl. squared, made with a square cross section; (d) to cut (joists) to a rectangular cross section; (e) to cut (batter or pudding) into square or cubical pieces; (f) to hew (a stone) to a square or cubical shape; also in fig. context; ppl. squared, hewn to a cubical shape; also, provided with a course of squared stones [2nd quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 6.35 : Al he couerede with goldene platis, wiþ squarid werc at rewle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.683 : Þoruȝ þe toun..By compas cast & squared out by squires..Deuised wern..Fresche alures.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.109 : An aker lond to holde, ffeet scoris nyne in lengthe, as fele in wide; Let square hit so.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.31 : A squared carre on whelis too they make.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)6100 : Of Awmbir half the poyntes Wer ful cloos made in the Ioyntes..The poyntes squared eke so pleyn That the Ioynyng was nat sene.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)52 : Þow must haue iij knyffes..the iij sharpe & kene to smothe þe trenchurs and square.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)119b : Sqwaryd: quadrus, quadratus, quadrulatus.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)373 : To Sware: quadrare. Swared: quadratus.
b
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)587 : Doctryne hem eek, whenne it is best to square..The werreours that ha this exercise, Be preste with hardynesse.
c
- (1416) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.120213 : Pur overer et faire..flat salere, cowped salere, sqward salere.
- (1423) Will York in Sur.Soc.4579 : Pro j veru magno, swardded [?read: swardd], de ferro..pro uno veru magno, swardd, de ferro.
- (1433) Will York in Sur.Soc.3047 : Item, lego..uxori suæ unam peciam argenti coopertam, swared.
- (1449) Will York in Sur.Soc.45111 : De ij magnis spittes ferreis, sqwaryd.
- (1449) Will York in Sur.Soc.45113 : j cratere..cum j squared knope.
d
- (1445) Paston (EETS)1.28 : Gystis..schuld be ix enchis on wey and vij another weye, and pourveiithe therfore that thei mow be squarid there.
e
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)492 : Custard, chekkid buche, square with þe knyfe.
f
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 5.17 : Þe kyng comawndide þat þei schulden taken þe grete stones & þe preciouse stones in to þe foundement of þe temple & þei schulden squaren [vr. square; L quadrarent] hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Esd.6.25 : Þe hous of þe lord..whos heiȝte is maad of ten cubites & brede of fourti cubitis, squared with þre poolisht stones.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)204a/a : Stones beþ ferst ytake oute of þe quarer and þanne beþ y-hewe, planed, and y-squared.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4155 : The Roses forto kepe Aboute hem made he a diche deepe..Vpon the whiche also stode Of squared stoon a sturdy wall.
- c1450 Al holy (Eg 3307)p.62 : Knyghtes in chyrch hys crown of paryd; Thus the corner-ston was swaryd, Betwen clergy and temperalte To knytt pes and vnite.
2.
(a) To grind or whet (a weapon) at a cutting angle or to a point; also in fig. context; ppl. squared, ground to a point; of wood, a stone used for circumcision: sharpened; (b) four (six) squared, of a diamond: having four (six) sides; (c) ppl. squared, of an animal's thighs: squarely or solidly built, sturdy.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2432 : With a spere, squared for to byte, Þe myȝty duke..Rood..To Anthenor.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3884 : Þe quene..Cauȝt eke a spere þat was squarid wel, Ronde þe shafte, and þe hed wel grounde.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)156 : A staffe in hande he takes hym righte, Was of Sqwarede tree.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)7672 : Dartys off Detraccyoun, Grounde and fyled for to smerte..Ben yforgyd off malys And ysquaryd by fals devys.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)1470 : The sacrament [circumcision] don was þe aght day And also with a swaret stone.
b
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)106/29 : Þere is a noþer maner of dyamandes..And summe ben vj squared, summe iiij squared, & summe iij.
c
- a1425 *York MGame [OD col.] (Dgb 182)xiv : A grehounde shulde haue..þe thies gret and swared as an hare.
3.
(a) To deviate from one's normal behavior; of speech: digress; of eyes: stray, wander; (b) to complain, grumble; quarrel.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)3/77 : My speche hit squarith oft.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)12/339 : Am y not he ye brought to loue, and wolde y square, ye wolle not lete me that in no degre?
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)102/3062 : Myn eyen fast they loken here and thare, But so welle chaste as they now bothe tayne, That for plesaunce vnnethe as dar thay sqvare.
- ?c1450 in Aungier Syon Mon.294 : Euerichone owe to be..sober, demewre, and chereful to speke to..whos sadnes is not wonte to suffer them notably to square in ther demenynge.
b
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)62/1827 : But if y square, y axe thee foryeuenes.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)103/3089 : How so y square, Forgef it me, forwhi vnto this day I wold hit mende.
- a1500 Dub.Word List (Dub 157)154 fn. : Iurg-o: to sqweyre.