Middle English Dictionary Entry
squār(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | squār(e adj. Also scwar, sware, suare. |
Etymology | From AF esquarre, squarr(e & OF esquar(r)é, p.ppl. of esquar(r)er (vars. of escarrer); cp. AL squarrāre to square (timber), lapides squarrōsi?squared stones, & ML squarātus adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Having a square surface or covering a square area; in the shape of a square; of a formation of troops: square in outline; of a cloister: four-sided, rectangular; also, of walls: enclosing a square area; even ~, exactly square; (b) having a square cross section; (c) of timber: cut to a square cross section; also, cut to a rectangular cross section; even ~, exactly squared; (d) in the shape of a cube, cubical; of a mace: having a cubical head; (e) of a stone: hewn to a square or cubical shape; also, roughly cubical in dimensions, massive [quot.: ?c1421; quot. may belong to 3.(b)]; ~ angler, a cornerstone cut to a right angle; ~ assheler, a squared stone used for pavement or other masonry; (f) in measurements of square area or cross section: on each equilateral side; cubite ~, fot ~, mile ~, etc.; also, in designation of square footage [quot.: a1450]; (g) in measurement of volume: fot ~, a cubic foot; (h) ?at a right angle to the perpendicular, on a line parallel (to sth.); also, as adv.: at a right angle [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.97 : Babylon was..i-walled wiþ foure walles square al aboutes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1327 : With Cernes bothe square and rounde He traceth ofte upon the grounde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)332a/a : Þe clyma is a square [L quadrilatrium] space and is sixty foote longe in eueriche side.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)837 : Þe apostel John hym saytȝ [read: saȝ] as bare, Lesande þe boke with leuez sware.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.607 : Þe fourte gate hiȝt also Cethas..þe syxte Anthonydes..With square toures set on euery syde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)479 : Square [F trous quarres] was the wall and high sumdell.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1350 : The gardyn was, by mesuryng, Right euene and square in compassing.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4158 : Aboute it [wall] was founded square, An hundred fademe on euery side; It was all liche longe and wide.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)43/9 : Þare was a table of gold, euen sqware.
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)24 : No trompes for the werres folk ne knewe, Ne toures heye and walles rounde or square [rime: ware].
- (1447-8) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1369 : Atte the west ende of the chirche a cloistre square, the Est pane conteynyng in lengthe clxxv fete, and the west pane as much.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)24b : Þey schul be comaundid to make here scheltrun square.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)152 : The bord þat þei ete on was sware, mad of dyuers peses.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4939 : I wil my executours do make a substanciall and a sqwar dore of free stoon.
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)48 : A cherl..had lust..Tarray his gardeyn..Off lenghte & brede ilich square & longe.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)1473 : Square [Thrn: Corven] wyndowus of gl[a]s.
- a1500 Weights in RHS ser.3.41 (Vsp E.9)14 : The perch grownd schall conteyne the length of the perche euery way, like a cheker euyn square.
b
- (1348) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.3 : That al maner vessells of peauter as disshes..pottes, square Cruettes, square Crismatories, and othir thinges that they make square..that they be made of fyne peauter.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.165 : [24] chiselles [and] squareirnes.
- (1443) Will York in Sur.Soc.30132 : xij spones of silver..also a square salar of silver single.
- (1449) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 872 : For the makyng of xiii li. wex to the squartapyrs, vi d. ob.
- (1452) Will York in Sur.Soc.45131 : ij square-saltes arg.
- (1452-4) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)338 : For staplis and keyes of yorne for the sqvare gutteris on the kechyn.
- (1474) Paston (EETS)1.172 : vj syluer spones wyth square scharp knoppes.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)69/8 : Þer is anoþer of the kynde of plantes, and it is sanatif, the sede þerof sowe, the rotes square, the leves rounde.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)250b/b : The rafteres beþ stronge and square and hewen playne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1664 : A wessel..sal be wroght o suare [Göt: quarid] tre.
- (1448) Indent.Cmb.in PCmb.AS 939 : All the bemes shall be squar on the one part x inches and on the other part viij inches.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)42/74 : Take high trees and hewe þame cleyne, All be sware and noght of skwyn; Make þame of burdes.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)149/2 : Take & bynd hym [rod] fast with a good corde vn-to a forme or to an evyn squar tree.
- (1466) Acc.Howard in RC 57439 : A pece of tymber square, that one syde xij ynches, that other syde xviij ynche..the same tre in lengeth xx fote.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1023 : Þe cyte stod abof, ful sware, As longe as brode as hyȝe, ful fayre.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)36 : Take þe cawdel..& melle hem to-gederys in a cloþe..presse hem vp sware, and leche it.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)428 : Estagote With his myghty mace sware On the Gatis of Rome he smote.
- (1473) Will Uvedale in SAC 3160 : Lego Thomae filio meo..unum planum belle cuppe cum cooptorio et unum squar knoppe deauratum.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.38 : Sethe a mawdelarde..And cut in peses, as I þe kenne; Square as dises þou shalt hit make.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.45 : Cut crust of bred..Sware as dyse.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)154 : Sete it [white lead] in a faire clere sonne and let it drie up, and thanne breke it on faire square gobetis.
e
- (1369) Fabric R.Rochester in Archaeol.Cant.2114 : [Stone called] Squarassheler.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.40.42 : Forsothe, foure bordis to brend sacrifice beeldid of sqware stoons [L de lapidibus quadris], in lengthe of oo cubit and an half, and in breede of oo cubite and an half, and in heiȝthe oo cubit.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Amos 5.11 : Ȝe shuln beelde housis with sqware stoon.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2211 : He saugh..And [read: An] huge ston, large, rounde, and squar.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)836 : Upon Cryst..biggid is this place Of whik stones sware and no þing round.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)471 : Sqware ston: Tessera, tessella.
- (1442) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1386 : iiij c xvj fote of Seuerant table..with xij coynes, iiij skouchonsanglers, and viij Square Anglers to the said first legement table and this seuerant table.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)8/18 : The noumbir of sex is applied to a sware ston whech hath sex pleynes and viii corneres.
f
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)319 : In þe compas of a cubit kyndely sware, A wel dutande dor don on þe syde.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)25/18 : Þat tour conteyned gret contree in circuyt, for the tour allone conteyned x myle sqware.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 28 : The Someres of the seid hows shall be one side xij inch squar and on the other part xiiij inch squar..And all the sparres shall conteyne in brede at the netherend squar vij inch and at the overend vi inches.
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)269 : Yf here were a place of 9 fote long & 4 fote brode be gemetrie, þat were 36 fote square.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)16 : Euery piler is iiii fete sware.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2460 : The muscul eke is good..Make hem like other housing necessary, A xxxti foote or xl foote square.
- (1464) Acc.Howard in RC 57489 : My mastyr bout a clothe of Aras, the yerd scwar, for xvj d.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2855 : All thei servide with oone litill fyre Which of a fote square only shalbe.
g
- (1466) Acc.Howard in RC 57439 : Meatynge of tymbre by fotes..a fote square is xij ynches every wey; then ferst ley xij for that one syde and xij for the other sydes; then multeply that wyth oder xij for the lengethe, and they make Mle. vij c wyche schalbe ever your devysor for a fote square.
h
- (1456-7) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 81.7 : From the other length of iiij xxx fote by þe said wey from London wall aforsaid square southward toward the same high wey xxxvj fote of assise.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)639 : Off blissid Albon the Armys in his sheeld, Squar on his shuldris bi antiquyte, Of fyne Asur sothly was the feeld.
2.
(a) Of weapons, needles, the heads of spears or arrows: ground or whet at a cutting angle or to a point; ~ grounden, ~ whet; also fig. of the tongue; (b) of diamonds: having square sides, faceted.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6379 : At þe last þei metten hond of honde, And assemble with square speris grounde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8336 : Eche at oþer flee With stif swerdis, schaftis gret & rounde, With hedis square, þe pointis kene grounde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2790 : Arblasteris..with quarelles, square whet & grounde, Ful many Greke han reued of his lyf.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4317 : With axes and her swerdis square Hir hed in soth maketh [read: maked] was al bare.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3812 : Wikkid tunge seith neuer well..His tunge was fyled sharpe and square, Poignaunt, and right kervyng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)54b/b : Be þe nedelez long, playne, and anoynted, triangulate, i. square [L triangulate], in þe poynt.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15836 : A schort staf he dide hym make..& dide þer-inne a wel longe pyk Squar grounden, scharp, euenlyk.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)5415 : This god..Bare twoo bowes..And arwes eke..With which, wher they be square or rounde, He kan hurte, Mayme, or wounde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)28/23 : He with a sherpe spere grete and square rode to Pynnel.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1589 : Lybeauus rood to hym þare Wyth a schaft all square.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.120 : Qhanne þe smyth gryndyȝt a knyf or an eex or a swerd on his stoon..Ȝyf he wele it grynde square, it shal grynde square.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)21a/2 : Sewe the wounde with a squar nedyll.
b
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)105/17 : Dyamandes..growen many to gedre..& summe als grete as an hasell note, & þei ben square [F a quarreures] & poynted of here owne kynde boþe abouen & benethen.
- (1462) Paston (EETS)1.108 : A nowche of gold..wyth a baleys..a greet orient pearle, and a square diamant..an other nowche of gold..and therin a dyamant poynted square.
3.
(a) Of a human body or parts thereof: thick-set, sturdy, squarely or strongly built; (b) of window bars: strong; of the cross: massive.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)138 : Þer hales in at þe halle dor an aghlich mayster..Fro þe swyre to þe swange so sware & so þik..Half etayn in erde I hope þat he were.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.801 : This Diomede..Was in his nedes prest and corageous, With sterne vois and myghty lymes square.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)86.50 (v.2:p.101) : He whom we sekyn is a square fatte man [L (Acta Sanctorum 14 May (May v.3 (1680):283B)): quadratus, crassus, robustus], grete heerid.
- c1460 My fayr lady (Hrl 2255)p.200 : Here greet shulderys, square and brood..She is no bot, she is a barge.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)94/10 : A square forhede of moderat mochnes..is a token.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)107/20 : A man-is chynne is, or oweth to be, ny-by square.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)346 : His handes..were grete and square.
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1076 : Thurgh a wyndow thikke of many a barre Of iren greet and square as any sparre He caste his eye vpon Emelya.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)16 : He suppoisyng to have brestyn the farrements of the chaumbur wyndos, bot thay wer so sqware and strongli sowdid yn the stonys with moltyne lede that thay myght not be brostyne for hym.
- c1500 Stations Jerus.(Ashm 61)419 : Þei constreyned Symone To bere þe crosse..It was so heuy & so square, His manhede myȝht it no ferthere bere.