Middle English Dictionary Entry
self adj., n., & pron.
Entry Info
Forms | self adj., n., & pron. Also selfe, selph(e, selef, selv(e, selfen(e, selven(e, -in, -un, selwe, (K) zelf, zelve & silf(e, silve(n, (WM, SWM) seolf(e, (chiefly SW, SWM) sulf(e, sulve & (early) sælf, selva, silfa, -æ, -en, -an, -æn, -ne, (SWM or chiefly SWM) seolfve, seolfen, -an, -ne, seolve(n, -an, solf, solve(n, (chiefly SW, SWM) sulfen, sulven, sulfne, (SW) suelf & (early infl.) selfum, seolfum, silfum, -æs, seolfes & (errors) salue, sculuen, selef, selfd, selþ, selus, seluef, seluel, seoff, seolð, iself, serf; pl. selfs. |
Etymology | OE: cp. WS self, silf, sylf, A seolf, solf. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Intensifying a previous noun or pron.: himself, itself, etc.; -- postpositive with noun but separated from the pron. it modifies; (b) god (crist, oure lord, etc.) ~, god al-mighti ~; (c) ich ~, thou ~, he ~, heo ~ (1), hit ~, we ~, ye ~, heo ~ (2), the ~, hire ~, unk ~, us ~, ink ~, you ~, hem ~, theim ~, q.v.; me ~, him ~, hine ~ [see also me-self pron., him-self pron., hine-self pron.].
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)44/19 : Næs na þæt an þæt hæ þam apostolum sylfum þas lare bead.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)22/27 : He þa sylf ilyfde, & all his hired.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)76/21 : Þer ic beo seolf, þær bið eæc min þeʒn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1022 : Te bisscopp sellf..Þær shollde cumenn o þe ʒer Ann siþe.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)23 : Hwet itacnet þe castel? þe mon seolf.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2126 : Ælc cheorl eæt his sulche hæfde grið al-swa þe king sulf [Otho: he him-seolf].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)4/21 : Euchan bi his euene biuore Maxence seolf wurdgede his maumez.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)155/26 : Þe sunfule seolf [Tit: Þe sunfule him self] is þe unwihtes lond þe is ure deadliche fa.
- ?c1250 PMor.(Eg 613(1))216 : Deofel suelf mihte habbe milce, ʒif he it bidde gunne.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)191 : Tofore þe king selue he serueþ atte bord.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)59/6 : Þe wordle zelf ham halt uor fol and uor vilayn.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.51 : Bot, Sire, as of my ladi selve, Thogh sche have wowers ten or twelve..Me grieveth noght.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)683 : Þe bestes self war samer-tale.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)16698 : For quat þai do, þai er sua blind, þai can noght seluen se [Trin-C: hem self con not se].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6032 : Of Perce selue [LinI: seolf] þousandes eiʒtte Hym com of swiþe noble kniʒtte.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1068 : Þenne conforme þe to Kryst, and þe clene make, Þat ever is polyced als playn as þe perle selven.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)236 : Þe bygynnyng of alle þis proces Ryght knawyng of a man self es.
- (1429) J.Boys in Nrf.Archaeol.15149 : Thursday and fryday we madyn an end in oure owyn barly seelf.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3483 : Bot ʒif thow hafe condethe of þe kynge selfen, Knaues will kill the.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)20/13 : It nediþ also to knowe þingis þat ben not of þe kynde silf, as is eir, mete, & drynke.
- (a1454) Paston2.84 : If the comyng thider of our persone self shuld be to plesir of hir, we wole not leve our labour in that.
- 1457 Isumb.(Naples 13.B.29)90 : Alle he went silve alone.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.23/24 : All profytes and all outegoynges of pleys..shall be of þe chanons selfe, withoute oony agayne-holdyng to me or to myne heyres.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)365/23 : They..confermed this composicion..by the auctorite I-yove to them of the pope self.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)63 : The tothyr was a Tulke out of Troy selfe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6322 : Achylles, þe choise kyng, cherist hym mekill And louyt hym no lesse þen hym lefe seluyn.
b
- c1175(OE) Bod.Aelfric OT (Bod 343)23/172 : Eua..þe of Adames sidan God sylf wrohte.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)4/33 : Þe yfela preost ne mæʒ þurh his aʒene synnum Godes þenunge befylen þe of Gode sylfe cumeð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)12/8 : Godspel is witodlice Godes sylfæs lare.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)14/24 : Ic halsiʒe ðe þurh god sylfne þæt ðu underfo minne sunæ.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4131 : Þatt cnif wass..to þatt wikenn sett Þurrh Godd Allmahhtiʒ sellfenn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)83 : Adam was ilechned þurh god almihti solf.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)129 : Þet achten we to leuen wel, for ure drihten solf hit seide.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14566 : For Crist seolue he for-soc, and to þan Wursen he tohc.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)46/10 : Ich iseo godd seolf [Roy: seolð] wið his eadie engles bitrumme þe abuten.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)67/4 : Ure lauerd seolf [Nero: sulf; Tit: self] seið, [etc.].
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(*Glb A.19-James)77/64 : Ne mai no riht cinʒ ben under criste self [Trin-C: seluef; Jes-O: seoluen] bute he be boc-lered.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(Hrl 2277)292 : Þo com oure Louerd silf & sede, 'ich granti þe þi bone.'
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)205 : Ðor-quuiles it folgede heli wil, God self ðor-quile liket is.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)248/3 : Þet is god zelf þet is welle of liue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)304 : Þe sun bodi þat i neuen Be-takens þe fader self o heuen.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)1.202 : Loue is leche of lyf and nexte owre lorde selue.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)243 : A defence..watz dyʒt of Dryʒtyn selven.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)435 : Þi fere is with childe, And with no gett of na gome bot of god selfe.
c
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)97 : Þe almihti god hine seoff [read: seolf] imedemede þet he walde monna cun on þisse deie isundian.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)239 : His richtwise deme..he his him selþ [read: self] witnisse and deme.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1667 : Bi þe fey that y owe to þe, Þerof shal i me serf [read: self] borw be.
1b.
Intensifying a following noun: (a) with the or this: the very; the ~ fader, this ~ dai, etc., the father himself, the day itself, etc; (b) without def.art. or dem.adj.: the very; ~ devel, ~ wommen, the devil himself, women themselves, etc.; on ~ dai, a single day.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Evang.(Bod 343)20/10 : Ðe sylfæ Fæder lufæð eow, forþan ðe ʒe lufedon me.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18760 : Acc i þe shaffte iss sinne & woh All þurrh þe sellfe shaffte.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12667 : Þa seolue Romleoden liðen heom to-somne.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)29 : Ðre þing beð þat mankin heuieð: On is þe selue lust, oðer is iuel lehtres, Ðe þridde flesliche lustes.
- a1225 Seinte marie clane (Roy 5.F.7)8 : Bring me to winne wið þe selfd [read: self] God.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)168/17 : Sunne þet nis sone ibet draheð anan an oðer, ant þet eft þe þridde, & swa euchan cundleð mare & wurse cundel þen þe seolue moder.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)746 : Ich graunti þat þe go to dome To fore þe sulfe þe pope [Jes-O: þe sulve pope] of rome.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.18 : Ich se þe selve broþer, Þat litel þenkeþ of þat oþer.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)447 : Þe uertues of heuene shulleþ þanne ymeoued beo..þe sulue pyleres of heuene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Jer.(Bod 959)75 : Þe woordis of prophetis, of þe lawe, of þe apostolis & of þe selue crist, wee ben ful out bede to penaunce.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.151 : Þe self offrynges were reft fro þe autters.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2297 : Neþeles, þe seluyn messe ys noþer þe wurse ne þe lesse..Þogh þe prest be fals or frow.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22597 : Þe self angels [Göt: þe seluen angelis] sal quake vnqueme For dute of him þat all sal deme.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.42 : He seyde in his sorwe on þe selue Rode, [etc.].
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1046 : Of sunne ne mone had þay no nede; Þe self God watz her lombe-lyʒt.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)372 : Dyvynoures..sought out be mynut and degre The silf houre of his natyvyte.
- a1425(?a1400) Dionysius HDivinity (Hrl 674)6/29 : Bi þis sleiʒ..doyng awey of hem alle we moten cleerliche preisyn..þe self fairheed in þe..nakid, vnmaad, & vnbigonne kynde.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.20 : Whan sche hef hir heved heyer, sche percede the selve hevene.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)62b/b : Som men, forsoþ, soukyng bi þe selfe mouþe, draweþ þe veneme with þe lippez.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)10940 : Al was reft; Þe selue vynes þey ne left.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5509 : Ʒiff þou wylt, þis selue day It schal be brouʒt þe to asay.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)105 : Þe asshen of anys rotis ben more sharpe in werkyng þan ben þe asshen of þe silf herbe.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)148/42 : Many, of þe selfe lokynge of hir, were goostly refreshed and stired to deuocyone & wepynge.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.34a : The said Copie of the said Recorde be taken, demed, and had for the self Recorde.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)16b/b : Þe heed bolle..is compouned of þre principal parties: The firste, of þe fleischi partie þat is wiþouten þe scolle; The secunde, of þe selue scolle and here parties.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2014 : Of verray stynch the cause of that chance Is only corrupcion of the selfe substance.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11673 : A ffygur full fyne..At the end of the auter etlit to stond, Euer sithen, for-sothe, to this selfe tyme.
b
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)214 : Sulf douel mihte habben milce ʒif he hit bigunne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7883 : Þa sæide Marling to seolue þan kinge.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16005 : Selehðe him wes ʒiueðe of seoluen ure Drihten.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1806 : Wulde he non senwe siðen eten, Self his kinde nile ðat wune forgeten.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2181 : For seldum bi-tid self ani king Swilc men to sen of hise ofspring.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2610 : God haued swilc fair-hed him geuen Ðat self ðe fon it leten liuen.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8078 : Of so muche folc nyme þe croys..Me ne sey no tyme biuore ne suþþe naþemo, Vor sulue wimmen ne bileuede þat hii ne wende þuder vaste.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)45/24 : Þe oþer is gauelynge to grat, ase neʒen uor tuelf, naʒt uor ane monþe ne to eʒte daʒes, ac ine one zelue day.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)745 : Þis nedder forth þat he ne blan, Bot in hijs slught was self satan.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6865 : Thoru witnesing o propheci, And thoru proue o seluen dede To birth i wald our lauerd lede.
2.
Own; -- with pers.pron. in gen. case.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1592 : Ich heo wulle þe biwiten & senden ha þe in ane scipe mid seoluen hire claðen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11565 : King heo wolden habben of seoluen heore [Otho: seoluere] cunden.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)446 : The court of þe kyndom of God alyue Hatz a property in hytself beyng.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1048 : Þe blode bygan to spred abrode in þe vaynes, & þe synwes resorte in her self [vr. owne] kynde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)754 : I swere þe, be my syre saule & by his selfe pite.
3a.
Referring to a person or thing previously mentioned: same, aforementioned; (a) with the; (b) with this, that; (c) without def.art. or dem.adj.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : Þa cæs man oðer abbot of þe silue minstre, þe wæs gehaten Ælfsi.
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1127 : Þis wæs segon on þe selue derfald in þa tune on Burch & on ealle þa wudes ða wæron fram þa selua tune to Stanforde.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)79.22/2 : Heo hæfð þe sylfan ʒefremunge.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Aelfric OT (Bod 343)23/193 : Heo [Enoch and Elias] cymeð begen togeanes Antecriste..& beoð þenne ofslægene ðurh ðone sylfan feond.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)8/12 : Ac ðu ne miht na iseon hy þe sylfæ Gast cymeð into þam gode men þe Godes Gast underfechð.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5 : Of fon hii dorre þe lasse doute, bote hit be þorʒ gyle Of folc of þe sulue lond.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)30/341 : Whider-so þis leuedis ride, Þe selue way ichil streche.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)102/22 : Þe on ssel helpe þanne oþre, ase doþ þe lemes of þe zelue bodye [F d'un meisme cors].
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.74 : Also ordeynd it is, þt þe seluel bretheren and sistres shal fynden v candelles, brennand a-forn þe..same autiere in festiuale dayes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.200 : I..gan beholde The selve Prest.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5543 : Bremli command he and badd Midwimmen be o þe self [Göt: same] land.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1769 : Now ar þay sodenly assembled at þe self tyme.
- (1417) *Assem.Bk.A Shrewsbury (ShropRRC 3365/67)84 : The guillours of the taske of the selue ton han chosen six men sessours.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4186 : In þis tyme on þe silve pleyn With his baner is descendid doun Þe worþi kyng, grete Agamenoun.
- a1425 Direct.Laces in Studies Robbins (Hrl 2320)p.97 : Þen schal A ryʒth enter into B of þe self hond fro wytin outward.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.2.74 : Paulus..whan he had taken the kyng of Percyens, weep pitously for the captivyte of the selve kyng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)122a/a : Cause efficient is naturale hete..resoluyng þe materie in to vapour; Cause materiale þe selfe vapour ydried.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.33 : Lord, we biseche þee..þat we..knowe þe incarnacioun of þi sone crist..bi þe silf ihesu crist, þi sone, oure lord.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)216 : As his wille was to suffre the hardest deth..so by the self wille he suspendet in all his passioun the vse of the myʒt of the godhede.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)23 : Temper it vppe wyth þe self brothe.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)65 : To alle þise afore-seid passiouns is þe pouder of þe nettle..good..So is also þe self grene herbe ius.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)21a/b : Þis spirit or breeþ in þe salue [?read: selue] brayn is defied by a forþere digestioun & so he made þere þe lyue of a beest.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)859 : Of þe selue [Lamb: that same] colours And of non oþer flowres Was lyngell and trappure.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)28/6 : He wold by hys myght, by ryght of hys eldren, brynge hyt yn-to the self state.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)72.12/4 : Wiþ wyrman þe on wambe & on þan innoþe deriað, seos silfe wyrt wel fremað.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)132.131/4 : Þisse sylfe wyrte sæd eac swylce on wine ʒedrucen [ys] halwende onʒean attres drinc.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5318 : Tueye batayles her after in þis sulfe ʒere Hii smite, & at boþe þe heþene maystres were.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)41/21 : Of þise zelue zenne ne byeþ naʒt kuytte þo þet brekeþ þe zondayes and þe festes þet byeþ to loki.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1300 : Sone bi here a-sent, at þat selue time..he dede fecche hem.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2584 : In that selue [vrr. selus, self, selfe; same] moment Palamon Is vnder Venus estward in the place.
- a1400 Primer (StJ-C G.24)47 : We by sechith þat by the sadnesse of that selue byleue we be..defended of alle aduercetees.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)660 : Fro mony a brod day byfore ho barayn ay by ene [?read: bene], Þat selve Sare, wythouten sede into þat same tyme.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201)p.59 : Engolond..þorʒ treson of þis selue lond first ʒef truage.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)196/16 : Tak þat selwe seed and put it in-to fresch water.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)170 : Þis selue herbe..wole close a fressh wounde.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.260 : So all þat euer is vnder destyne It moste eke vnder purveaunce be, As is þis selue destine also.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)137/4106 : Levir nad y ben to lijf y-wrouʒt But rathir lo þis selven houre to die.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)178/664 : Thanne was it fallyn soo In that self-tyme thoo.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)37b/b : It schal openly be declarid regulerly aftir þis same ordre in þis silue chapitre.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)390 : Knyʒtes proud yn palle He mette þat selue day.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1305 : Enne sune he hafde bi seoluan his quene.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.14 : Þe to torchis, eueri day in þe ʒer, schullen ben light and brennynge at þe heye messe at selue auter.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)203 : Her cortel of self sute schene.
3b.
Pointing to a following explanatory clause: this, that, these, those; -- sometimes merely an intensifier without special meaning; the (that, these) ~.
Associated quotations
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)21 : At þe selue huse hi buþ aliʒt þat Blauncheflur was þat oþer niʒt.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1195 : To court he com ful ʒare Þat selue day..Þat was ysett of batail.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)889 : Alysaundrine..seide to him soberly þise selue words, [etc.].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1149 : Þe selue day þat was set soþly was come.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2860 : In the selue groue..Theras he hadde his amorouse desires..He wolde make a fyr in which the office Funeral he myghte al acomplice.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)303 : In vche Cite þere he come sacren on he scholde wiþ þe selue oygnemens þat he to him wrouʒte.
- (a1392) Clanvowe 2 Ways (UC 97)78/799 : Oure neighbour is of þe selue forme and kynde þat we been of.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)378/474 : Edmond on anyʒt on his bed lay by cas in þe selue cherche þer oswin I-beriid was.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)179 : Þe sterre ros & schoon ful bright, Right into þe selue place Þereas þat Lord born was.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1157 : Yet they were As fressh as men had writen hem here The selve day ryght, or that houre, That I upon hem gan to poure.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3229 : Þurʒe-out þe sale þan he soʒt in-to þe selfe chambre Þare quare þe lord in lay with laythely woundis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1034/10 : The selff Sonday aftir that sir Galahad had borne the crowne of golde, he arose up erly.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)19a/b : Þe moste principal boon is clepid coronale, & he rechiþ fro þe vpmeste extremite of þe nose vn to þe selue seeme þat departiþ þe heed ouerþwart.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)767 : Lybeaus..armede hym full sure Jn þat selue armure Þat Erl Antores was.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11907 : Þe silf blood þat I here take Shal be shed for manis sake.
3c.
In phrases: (a) in the ~ manere, in (of, on) the ~ wise, in this ~ wise, on ~ manere, etc., in the manner previously or subsequently described; (b) ~ the ilke, thilke (the ilke) ~, the ~ same, the same ~, the same and the ~, the ~ and the same, etc., the very same (person or thing); (c) the ~ dai, ?a day on which a guild holds one of its regular meetings; ?the feast day of the previously specified patron saint of the guild (? = 4.(a) & cp. seint(e adj. 3.(a)).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13535 : Of þan seoluen wisen þæ þer gunnen resen.
- a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)65 : Wash hit eft sonus ithe selve maner.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)462 : But þanne þouʒt che þat þrowe in þis selue wise, [etc.].
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)563 : Als I pray for my selue here graunt so til oþer on selue manere.
- (1419) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8514 : For the whilk defaute a close of the erchebisshope was drowned yerly, and also, diverse tymes, thaire gardyns in the self manere.
- c1430 Chaucer TC (Cmb Gg.4.27)3.1548 : Criseyde also ryʒt in þe selue wise Of troylus gan here herte schette.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4895 : Þe ʒatis ware of ʒeten gold, ʒarkid of platis, Þe windows on þe selfe wyse.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3396 : I, ryht in the sylue wyse..My fredam I wolde kepe.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.90.61b : Riʒt vpon þe selue wise schal þou don ageins alle iuel.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)78/33 : In þe selue manere, It ys to wete of ffisshes of lytyll substance.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)160 : The Duke Escam seide the same, and the kynge Clarion of Northumbirlonde seide also in the selue maner.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)763 : Þey xall fare in þe selfe manere As men fardyn in þe tyme of noe.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.20 : If hi beoth furst desordeyned for thulke silve dede, And siththe thurf dom to dethe ido, hit nere noʒt wel to rede.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1825 : Now was hit a manere hows þat god was ynne ydo, Ygraued wyde in a roche..And þanne wiþynne þulke hous..Oure lordes sepulcre was, and of þulke sulfe ston.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of ihu (Hrl 913)96 : Þer nis..no tre in erþ so fast..Þat ne sal adun to-berst Þilk silue dai, er hit be niʒt.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)702 : Þe oþer doʒter he esste þo þulke sulue [vr. same; B: silue] askinge.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)206 : From Bathe to Londone he wolde fleo, Ant thilke dai self ayeyn teo.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)263/30 : Þe ilke zelue uader þaʒles yef he ne were naʒt onlosti, his hous mid greate strengþe wolde loky.
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)357 : Þat ilke self coupe of golde..was Blauncheflour forʒolde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22948 : He þat es lauerd of erth and heuen Mai o þat ilk seluin euen þat first was molten into lame Mak a wel fairer licam.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.61 : Griffyn, kyng of Wales, þat ilk self ʒere Was proued traitoure fals, & þat bouht he fulle dere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.496 : In his scheld..he bar..of goulys a lyoun..and in his baner bete Þe silfe same.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.4.204 : How myghte thanne this present lif make men blisful, syn that whanne thilke selve lif es ended, it ne maketh folk no wrechches?
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)82/37 : Þe Holy Gost is the same & þe selue God & Lord is þat is þe Fadir or the Sone.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)425/635 : He..Be-side the welle where yit the ground is..passed nat the sylue same boundis.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)55.479 : Be this selve same Aventure bothe Reawmes weren lost.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5087 : Wiþ þat ylke launse selue Kyng R. slowʒ kynges twelue.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)5488 : Þen þat ilke self day Þat angels bare hir away, Saynt Thomas was in Ynde.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)20934 : The same sylue [vrr. same silffe, selffe same] carpenter Dyde a-forn hys bysy peyne To forge hym.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)105a/b : Holde þe same and þe selue ordre þat is þere asigned.
- a1500(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Dub 213)741* : The same & þe selue tyme..Fro þe cuntre of capadose come a kyd prince.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)3458 : Thei that made the martirs for to bleede..The silff same made relacion Of ther slauhtir thoruh verolamye ton.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)341/95 : Thou grauntt vs for to se The self body and the same the which that died on tre.
c
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.78 : Yis gilde shal haue foure morwe-speches be ye ʒere: Ye first shal been on ye self day.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.91 : In ye honour of..ye holi martir seint laurence, in ye feste of ye selue day..yis ffraternite is founden and stabled.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.97 : In ye honuraunce of..yat blisful corsant seynt Nicholaus, yis fraternite is by-gunnen and stabled, in ye fest of ye selue day.
4.
Adj. as noun: (a) the same person or thing as that previously or subsequently specified; (b) the ilke ~, the same ~, the ~ and the same, etc., the very same person or thing.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)73.14/4 : Se sylfa drenc eac swylce onʒean nædrena slite wel fremað.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)98.60/2 : Eac þis sylfe fremeð wið heard ʒeswel.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)549 : What, i suppose þe selue, ʒif it so bi-tidde þat i wrouʒt so wodly & wold to him speke, þat were semlyest to seye, to saue my worchep?
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3502 : For al þe world swiche a wolf as we here seiʒen -- It semeth riʒt þat selue bi semblant & bi hewe -- com gapind a gret pace & cauʒt vp mi sone riʒt bi-fore his fader.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.8.21 : As I wiste for oþer wise I mai not ben contynent but god ʒeue, & þat self was wisdam to knowen of whom was þat ʒifte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1247 : Inobedience..is that selve of whom men speke Which wol noght bowe er that he breke.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)254 : And to þoo speke i alþer-mast, þat won in vnuarc es to wast þair liif in trofel and truandis, To be ware wit þat self and wis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.57 : Some..nolde faille To han..A peir Gussetis on a petycote Garnyssched with gold vp on-to the þrote, A paunce of plate, whiche of þe silf be-hinde Was schet and clos.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)53.134 : Aftyr Gaanor they seyde the Selve.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.177 : That self..is þe prince of all And full of souereigne good.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)1026 : In that temple beth yates twelff And four dores beth on the selff.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)776 : Ʒif þe baken mete be colde, as may byfalle, A gobet of þo self he sayes.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.161 : Sche had..A mantill..That furrit was with ermyn full quhite, Degoutit with the self in spottis blake.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)59/507 : Seolf þe ilke [Tit: þe ilke self] is godes sune þe on-nont þet he godd wes ne mahte he drehen na deð.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)156/14 : Þet ilke zelue [F ce meismes] tekþ saloman.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)190/30 : He hit wiste þe ilke zelue þet his hedde onderuonge.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)64b/b : Neþerlez þe vse of farmaciez of aiþer oþer is not mich chaunged bot it is þe same selfe.
- c1425 Wycl.Concord.in Spec.43 (Roy 17.B.1)272 : Sumtyme þe same word & þe self þat is writen of sum man in oo manere is writen of a-noþir man in a-noþir manere.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)296/118 : Þis is the ilke selue and þe same!
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)512/364 : To leste or moste whan ʒe it did, To me ʒe did þe selue and þe same.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)122/202 : Ich be a yoman..of the king; The self and the same, sond from a greatt lordyng.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)226/712 : Is he the same and the self, I say, that has wroght vs this care?
5.
As noun or pron.: (a) cristes (godes, the rinkes, etc.) ~, Christ (God, the knight, etc.) himself; (b) min (thin, his, hire, oure) ouen ~, constituting an indep. or a refl.pron.: me myself, you yourself; myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves; -- also used appositively; him ouen ~, himself; his holi ~, his own holy person or body; mi ~, thi ~, his ~, oure ~, your ~, theire ~, q.v.; (c) as an indep. or a refl.pron.: me myself, himself, oneself, etc.; (d) the (this) ~, having reference to the subject of a clause: myself, itself, etc.; (e) bi (the) ~, by itself (herself), individually, separately; also, by its own power or action [quot.: Mandev.(3), 1st]; (f) in (of) the ~, in ~, in itself (themselves), intrinsically; also, in the strict meaning of the word [quot.: 1451].
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12248 : A tregetur i hope he be, Or elles godds self [Frf: god him-self] es he.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)786 : Loot in a loge-dor lened hym alone In a porche of þat place pyʒt to þe ʒates þat watz ryal and ryche -- so watz þe renkes selven.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1054 : Þe hyʒe trone þer moʒt ʒe hede..Þe hyʒe Godez self hit set vpone.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)51 : With all þe wele of þe worlde þay woned þer samen, Þe most kyd knyʒtez vnder Krystes seluen & þe louelokkest ladies.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1616 : Þe bores hed watz borne bifore þe burnes seluen.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2156 : 'Bi Goddez self,' quoþ Gawayn, [etc.]
b
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)680 : Sum seyd, 'ouþer coude he weyl saue, But now hym owne self may he nat saue.'
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)15626 : For þe mekil drede of dede, his hali self [Vsp: flesche; Trin-C: body] all suett.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2301 : I hope þat þi hert arʒe wyth þyn awen seluen.
- (1429) J.Boys in Nrf.Archaeol.15148 : Ye remnant of ye forn none, muck with oure owyn seelf.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)83/21 : Þe pepil was oftyn-tymes aferd..demyng..it was..symulacyon & ypocrisy falsly feyned of hir owyn self.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)95/19 : He knew hir hys owyn selfe.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)188/26 : I xal comyn for ʒow myn owyn self.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)577 : Oure awn self we sal deny.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)14 : I love no thyng so myche, iwysse, Excepe þin owyn selffe, der Fader of blysse.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)4/11 : As moche þonke I kan you for þat ʒe dydden to þe lest of myn, as ʒe hadden don hit to myn owne selfe.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)732/23 : I haue no þinge to gefe to yow But my nowne selfe.
c
- a1400 Prov.Wisd.(Bod 9)21 : Who-so self do, self have.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)579 : Bot non nuyez hym..As harlottrye unhonest, heþyng of selven.
- a1450 Sentence in YULG 60 (Yale 3.34)57 : Þe tong braks bayn and self a[s] nown.
- a1450 Sentence in YULG 60 (Yale 3.34)57 : Self do, self aff [L Quod ipse eumpse feceris].
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)146/12 : Be war that ye kepe selvyn true vnto hir.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)205/13 : It may helpe self to deceyue through the woordes of othir, whiche withynne himself is allredy corrupte by yll thoughtys.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3475 : Þus self þere he brenneþ And to þe deuel his soule bikenneþ.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2788 : Wetis all wele: & you wont oght, Or any case to you come comford to haue, To be suppoueld by selfe & my sad helpe.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.13.16 : Beholdinge to it, witinge for it may not helpen þeself.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.51.12 : Lo, I þe selue shal counforten ʒou [L Ego, Ego ipse consolabor vos].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)334 : Þis wright þat i spek of here, Fra al oþer sundri and sere, For þai most oþer timber take Bot he þis self can timber make.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)107/23 : For fayrnes soyne is lufyd, & qwhen it felis þe self lofyd, lightly it is chirischyd.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)72/25 : Propre wil feightith ayens God and emprideth þe silf.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)100/22 : If sho wold hafe etyn þase dayes, sho myght nott, vnto þe sensualitie þat come of hur spiritt, come vnto þe selfe agayn.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)838 : The prowerbe seyth, 'Þe trewth tryith þe sylfe.'
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)4.6 : The offrand of rightwisnes is a sorowful gast, punyschand the self for synne.
e
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26738 : Hast noght þi scrift on þiskin wis, Bot ilk-a sin be self þou schau.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)90/2 : Paris sought diligently þe strengþe and þe myʒte of euery of them be þe silf.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)7/4 : An appil of gold..fel out of his hand by the self.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)131/5 : He bad his yingeste sone onbyndyn tho arwis and brekyn eche by the self, and he dede so and brak eche aftyn [read: aftyr] othyr.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)134/9 : Ʒef þou hawe sore erys, tak þe lewys of betonye and stamp it be þe self.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)10a : Make þarof past..and gyf hym in his prouendre or be þe seluin.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)109 : Þis transtibir is a cite wallid be þe selue on þe west side of tibir.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)829 : Itt kyndels be þe self alsone.
- (?1463) Acc.Howard in RC 57461 : Item, an acre and di., longynge to Haches, of medew in a plot be the selffe.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.183 : Ʒif a patron selle a patronage be þeself or selle þe maner þat it is knyt to þe mor dere for þe patronage, he doth symonye.
f
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)24/20 : In Egipte er bot fewe castelles, for þe cuntree es strang ynogh of þe self.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)28/35 : Þe citee was noʒte strange ynoghe of þe selfe for to agaynstande þe assawte.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)169/1 : Þe lewys of þis herbe are more quyt and lesse in þe self.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)66/13 : Be this medycyn behoues euer ilke synfulle sawlle be heled, & namlye of synnes that ere dedely in the selfe.
- c1450 Dives & P.(Lchf 35)1.37 : Some thynges been good of þesylf.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)64/6 : 'Touchyng' clepe I vicious handelyng in þe selue or ellis swech maner circumstauns of bodely aproximacion be whech ony man myth deme euele.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.66.45a : He schal haue his mede in þe blisse of heuene, nouʒt for þe dede in þe self bute for þe goode wil and þe charite þat he hadde of þe ʒiefþe of god for to don þe goode dedis.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.226 : Whan a man schal sweryn he schal sweryn be hys God & be no creature, as for þe creature in þeself.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.282 : Þer is no day so solempne in þeself [vr. self] as þe Sonday.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2998 : After him his ministres twelue Shullen comaunde þe peple þe-selue.
Note: Was in theim-self 1.(a) but prob. = self 5.(d).