Middle English Dictionary Entry
sacrifīce n.
Entry Info
Forms | sacrifīce n. Also sacrifis(e, -fece, -fese, sacrefice, -fis(e, sacrafice, -fise, sacurfice, sakerfise & (errors) sacrife, sacrise; pl. sacrifices, etc. & sacrifisz, sacrifies, -fise, sacrafies. |
Etymology | OF sacrefise, -fice, sacrifise, -fice, AF sacrefiz & L sacrificium. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The act of offering a life (animal or human) to a deity as an act of propitiation or homage, a ritual slaughter, often followed by immolation of the victim; the formal offering up of produce, a material object or possession, etc. upon the altar of a deity; performance of sacrificial rites; fir of ~, sacrificial flame; (b) don (kepen, maken, offren) ~, maken of ~, to make a sacrifice, perform sacrificial rites; don (maken) ~ of, sacrifice (sth., a victim); ~ doinge (makinge), the performance of sacrificial rites; -- some phrases also fig.; (c) that which is offered to a deity, a victim, sacrificial offering; brent ~, burnt offering; fletinge (moiste) ~, ~ of licour, libation; slaien ~, an animal or human slain in sacrifice; also fig.; victori ~, an offering made in hope of victory; win of ~, sacrificial wine.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/39 : Hi offrede Stor þet me offrede wylem be þo ialde laghe to here godes sacrefise [F sacrifice].
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.16 : Þat on corrumped þat oþere..forto seen þe sacrifise [F sacrefices] of ydoles.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2278 : Ful redily with hem the fyr they hadde, Thencens, the clothes, and the remenant al That to the sacrifice longen shal.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)105/708 : He wolde honoure Goddis temple..and fynde of his owne rente cost and spensis pertinynge to þe sacrise [read: sacrifise].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.325 : He wol lete his olde sacrifices [vr. sacrifys].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4703 : He let do make a riche feste With a sollempne Sacrifise In Phebus temple.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)147b/a : Suche a brid come sodeynliche and fel doun in to þe myddel of þe fyre and was I-brent anone to axen in þe fyre of þe sacrifice [L sacrificij].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1497 : Soberly in his sacrafyce summe wer anoynted.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6945 : Sathan..hath y-brouȝt to conclusioun [read: confusioun]..þe worþi kynde of man, Siþen tyme þat aldirfirst be-gan..to do worship to mawmetrie By sacrifice of bestis and of blood.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)168b/b : Medicinez resolutifez: som bene symple..as camomille..And..wise men of egipcianes..halowed it in þair sacraficez.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1350 : Upon the fir of sacryfice she sterte, And with his swerd she rof hyre to the herte.
- ?c1430 Wycl.PSacr.(Corp-C 296)223 : Þe sacrafies of wickide men ben abhominable to þe Lord; þe vowis of sacrifices of just men ben pleasaunt.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1486 : Quen all þe cite was on-slepe & sacrifis [Dub: sacrifese] endid, In ane abite of þe aire ane Aungell aperis.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)49/199 : In sacrifice here or I hens pace, I sle þis shepe.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)42 : Schow hym [Abraham] the wey onto the hylle Wer that hys sacryffyce schall be.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)143/29 : Men may be-seche þe buxumnes of God with orysonnys, deuocionys, and preyeris, with sacrifisis [Lambeth: seruices; Abbrev.Trip. oblacions], fastyngis, and elmes.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)261/18 : A calfe..was offerd yn sacurfyce yn þe old law for synne, yn tokenyng þat Cryst schuld come.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)107/36 : He was bespittid and scourgid and..ladde to be crucified as a lombe vnto sacrifice.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)337/458 : TraIan..comaundede Mamertyn þat was an oþur Iustise Þat he scholde maken clement þe pope to don heom sacrefise.
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(LdMisc 108)157 : Heo..maden heore sacrefise to þe deuel onder þis treo.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1765 : Me sholde eche ȝer þulke tyme sacrifise do Of a lomb þat clene were.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)603 : Such sacrefice I ne kepte noȝt at min house.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)187/20 : Þer byeþ manie men..makeþ sacrefices naȝt to god.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.34 : It was comaunded to make sacrifise of Oxen for þe synnes of þe folk.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.469 : They daunce and pleyen at dees..And ete also and drynke ouer hir myght, Thurgh which they doon the deuel sacrifise.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1120 : A Sacrifice unto Minerve..Thei mosten offre er that thei wente.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)167a/a : In þis mount Abraham offrid sacrifice [L holocaustum] for ysaak.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3142 : Bot now es he asked..Til godd til make of sacrifise.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)334 : Bot I dewoutly awowe..Soberly to do þe sacrafyse.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ps.115.17 : Thou hast broke my bondys; to thee Y schal offre a sacrifice [WB(1): ost] of heriyng.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2182 : He seȝis to þe Synagog & sacrife [read: sacrifise] makis.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)367 : Ezechiel..tawȝte how þe prestis & deeknys schuld haue hem-sijlfe to godwarde in lyuynge and sacrifice doynge.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)48/12 : The Iuwes..made sacrificis of bestis that they slough in mountayns.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)328 : Goo, make thy sacryfece wyth ȝon rame.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)106b : To do Sacrifice: Immolo, sacrifico..libo.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.104 : Offryng and sacrifice-makyng..longyn only to God.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)205/3 : Then sawe Maudelen mony pepyll comyng towart þe tempyll..forto haue don ofryng and sacrefise to hor mawmetys.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)187/14 : Ich wille..merci, and naȝt sacrifice [Vices & V.(2): offrynges].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.15.7 : Wyne to þe sacrifice of lycour [WB(2): fletynge sacrifice; L libamentum]..he shal offre.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 16.15 : Vp on þe more auter offre þe morewetid brend sacrifice [L holocaustum]..& al þe blood of þe slayne sacrifice vp on it þou schalt heldyn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Esth.14.17 : Ne to me plesede þe feste of þe king, & I dranc not wyn of sacrifisis [L libaminum].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.1.11 : What to me þe multitude of ȝoure slayn sacrifise [WB(2): sacrifices; L victimarum]?
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.34.6 : Lo..forsoþe victorie sacrifises [WB(2): slayn sacrifice; L victima] of þe lord in bosra & gret slaȝter in þe lond of edom.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.44.25 : Do wee oure vouwis þat we vouweden..to þe quen of heuene & offre to hir sacrifises of liquouris [WB(2): moist sacrifices; L libamina].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark.12.33 : To loue the neiȝebore as him silf is more than alle brend offringis and sacrificis.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4712 : From under thalter..An hidous Serpent..Cam out and hath devoured al The Sacrifice.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)263b/b : By moyses lawe þe ram was principalliche a clene beste boþe to sacrifice and to mete.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1064 : For his offrand was Rightwys, Godd tok..his sacrifijs [Göt: sacrefis].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)507 : Noe..hevened up an auter..And sette a sakerfyse þeron of uch a ser kynde Þat watz comly and clene.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5985 : Þe sacrifise vp-on þe autere To-forn Appollo brenne shal so clere.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2611 : The sacryfices [vrr. sacrifysz, sacrifies, sacrefices] ben ful redy dighte; Th'encens out of the fyre reketh sote.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)666 : Take thi sun that þou lufes well ay and make hym sacrafyce to mee..and offer hym me vntyll.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)176/2 : Kynge Dary slough prestez of glotony that priuely and thefly stalen a-way sacrifiez be smale dores.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)45/80 : Ysaac þi sone..þou take..and sacrafice to god hym make.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)106b : Sacrifice..olocaustum, holocaustoma, hostia..Victima..libamen, libamentum.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)498/191 : Here I receyve youre sacryfyce and blesse you fleshe and fell.
2.
(a) A spiritual offering made to a deity in propitiation or homage, the gift of oneself (one's spirit, desire, prayer, confession, etc.) fully rendered to God or Christ; maken ~ of, to make a spiritual offering of (oneself, pilgrimages, etc.); (b) theol. Christ's act in offering himself to God or the world as a sacrificial victim; the Crucifixion as a sacrificial act; (c) eccl. the act of consecrating the body or blood of Christ in the Mass; ~ makinge, consecration.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)187/16 : Vele men makeþ to god sacrefices [Vices & V.(2): seruice & offrynges] of uestinges, of peregrinages..ac uor to do elmesse hi byeþ straite and wrechchen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)229/20 : Þe ilke maydenhod is sacrefice and ofringe to Iesu crist.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)50.18 : Trubled god [read: gost] is sacrifice to God.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.4.6 : Sacrifiseþ sacrifise [WB(2) vr. an offryng; L sacrificium] of riȝtwisnesse & hopeþ in þe lord.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.12.1 : Britheren, I biseche ȝou..that ȝe ȝyue ȝoure bodyes, a lyuynge oost, or sacrifice, hooly, plesynge to God.
- c1400 *Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)17 : Þys vertu..of maydenhood or chastite..is a wylful sacryfyse and an offryngge to god.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)22/9 : Þese þre ȝer I offered none oþer offeryng bot myself to herie God: do he with his sacrifice as him likeþ.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Heb.13.16 : Nyle ȝe forȝete wel doynge and comynyng, for bi siche sacrifices [WB(1): oostis; L hostiis] God is disserued.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)1 Pet.2.5 : Ȝe silf..an hooli preesthod to offre spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God bi Jhesu Crist.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)44/31 : I haue schewid to þee..in what maner ȝee schul make sacrifice of ȝoursilf.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)9/36 : Preyer is sacrifice þat is to Crist leuest.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)5/2 : There is no sacrifice þat man doth, be it in wakyng, fasting, and oþer gostly or bodily excercise, so acceptable to oure lord as is such obediens.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Test.(Hrl 218)439 : Of my confessioun receyve the sacryfice, Be my tunge vp offered onto the.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.78rb : Make them, Lord, to blesse the to fulle, and to offre do [?read: to] the sacrefyse of praysyng.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)146.3 : Contryte of hert ere, thai that offirs til him the sacrifice of sorouful gast.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12137 : My maydynhed I merk to myghtifull goddis: Accepte hit as sacrifise, & my saule to.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)127b/b : In þe whiche cene and sopere oure lord bigan to [?read: þe] sacrifice [L sacrificium inchoans] of þe newe testament and fedde vs wiþ aungelis breed.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)55/8 : O God, þe wyche þou woldust, Lorde, Fore þe redempcion of þe worlde..To be lad to sacrefyce to-fore present..Of Pilate.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)261/20 : Cryst..schuld be offurt yn sacryfyce for synne of þe pepull yn þe auter of þe crosse.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)64/125 : Þis gode lorde commyth to offir himself for vs into sacrifice and yevith his life for man.
c
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)280/30 : Man, þe wiche sittyþ in heven vppon is Fadere right side, in tyme of sacrafice is conteyned in þe prestus hondes.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.61.42b : Oþere special goode dedis..arn speciali acceptable to þe siȝt of god..as..þe takyng of þe ordre of prest..for to plese god and profiten here euencristene bi þe sacrifice of þe precious bodi of oure lord ihesu criste.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.231 : This psalme, 'Iudica me, Deus', scholde be seide afore masse, and that the grayle and offertory scholde be seide afore the sacrifice [Trev.: sacrement; L sacrificium].
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.111 : So is þe preist in his messe-seyȝyngge and sacrifice-makyngge..mene atwyxin God and þe peple.
3.
The word 'sacrifice' as a heading in a list.
Associated quotations
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)103b : Offre..Loke in Sacrifice.