Middle English Dictionary Entry
market n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | market n.(1) Also market(t)e, markat(te, marcat(te & marketh(e, markith(e & marke(i)d, markide, marquet, marget & mercat(e, merkat, merket(te, (error) merkeht. |
Etymology | ?LOE market (from ON or ML) & ON (cp. OI markaðr) & OF markié, marquiet (vars. of marchié) & L mercātus. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A periodical public assembly for buying or selling; also, an occasion of such a gathering; beten ~, to linger or hang about at a market; crien a ~, announce the holding of a market; crien in the ~, announce (sth.) in the market, make (sth.) known publicity; sheuen in ~, appear in public, be exposed or known; fig. ~ of this world, the world; (b) clerk of the ~ [see also clerk 3. (c)]; cloth ~ [see cloth 8. (b)]; commune ~ [see also commune 4.]; corn ~ [see corn 5. (c)]; flesh ~ [see flesh 2c. (b)]; sale ~ [see sale]; etc.; (c) the privilege or right granted by the crown to a lord, religious body, or municipality to hold a market; (d) in proverbs.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : Ic wille þet markete beo in þe selue tun.
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1124 : Se penig wæs swa ifel þæt se man þa hæfde at an market an pund, he ne mihte cysten þær of for nan þing twelfe penegas.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)378 : Ðis wirm bitokneð ðe man ðat oðer biswikeð..in mot er in market, er oni oðer wise.
- a1350 When man as mad (Hrl 2253)7 : Rokesbourh nys no burgh, ant market is at fforweleye.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)23/30 : Ydeleblisse..is þe dyeules peni, huermide he bayþ alle þe uayre pane-worþes ine the markatte [Vices & V.(2): feyre] of þise wordle, þet byeþ, þe guode workes.
- a1400 12 PTrib.(1) (Roy 17.B.17)60 : Ihesu Crist..lyued in þis world, as a marchaunde þat cheses in þo marketis gode marchaundysis & leeues þo yuel.
- (1423) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.131/21 : Thomas Brid ys a Forstaller and a regratour of vetayle comyng to þe market.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.27.16 : Thei puttiden forth in thi market, or marchaundise [WB(2): marcat; L mercatu], gemme, and purpur and clooth.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Priesthood (Corp-C 296)172 : Prestis..bien schep & neet & sellen hem for wynnynge, & beten marketis.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)189 : The right custum of tho be payd in the mercatt ther the clothes ben bought.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)203 : Hem that comyn in to merket with her bred Moneday, Tuysday, and Thrusday, and absente hem out of mercat the tother iij dayes..shal payen the ful custum.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)7.905 : Marketis wer none in cites nor in touns.
- ?a1440 Hortus (Brist-U)270 : Circumforanus: a goere a boute market.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)100 : Thouȝ men in erþe trouþe hyde On halle roof, he wole be sayn..But shewe in market, on the playn.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)35/18 : They bryngyn to the market men and women and childeryn..and sellyn hem.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1313 : He made in myddel of [þe] ost a market to crye.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)433/25 : He garte cry it in þe markett, & promysid in his cry þat he þatt had fon itt sulde hafe for þe fyndyng þerof a hondreth of þe talentis.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)212/2 : Þanne mayst þou sellyn it hym derere þan þe comoun prise goth in markett.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.10/11 : Tol is that ye and youre men and all your homage be quyte in all mercates of tol i-axid of thynges i-bowghte or solde.
- (1469) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1336 : And the said bakeres not to come to the marget.
- (1472) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8523 : We d[es]yer yt no bakster..by no corne in ye markythe, [etc.].
- a1475 Legal Gloss.Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)22 : Lestage is a custum exact yn feyrys & merkatis.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)3.7.53a : Vsereres..wil not openly be knowe of hire crafte, ne crye it in þe market.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)64 : In that yere was ordeyned that no markett sholde be holde on the Sonday.
- a1500 Amis (Dc 326)1722 : Þe marked [Auch: a loge he bilt him þare, As folk to chepeing ȝode].
b
- (1438) Proc.Privy C.5.92 : Yif þt any poeple shal go to Caleys to ordeine a clerc of þe marquet.
- (1469) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1336 : Part of the wich halfe to be broght to the comune marget ther to be solde ii d.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : Ic gife þone tun þe man cleopað Vndela..& market & toll, swa freolice þet ne king..haue þær nane hæse.
- (1447) RParl.5.139a : Please it unto your high discrecions..To pray the Kint..to ordein..that all Grauntes of Frauncheses, Markettes, Feyres, and other Fredoms to bye or sell..within the Townes of Northwales, made to eny Walshman..be voide.
- (1464) RParl.5.521a : Provided alwey, that this Acte..extend not..to Maister John Waynflete..in..eny Graunte..by us made..of the Priory Alien of Wylmyngton..with th'appurtenauncez, Knyghtes fees..Mercates, Rentes, Services..to the seid Priory and Prebende perteynyng.
d
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.522 : Greet prees at market maketh deere ware.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.124 : The hare wente þe markyth', scharlyt forto syll'; The grehoun stode hym be-fore mony for to tell'.
2.
(a) A place for holding markets or fairs, a market place; also, a market town; in feire and ~, ?in every place, everywhere; (b) any of the forums in Rome, such as the Forum Trajanum; ~ of Rome, the Roman Forum; ~ side, ?side toward the forum.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)220/206 : So ha kam into þe Marcatte, so he fond werkmen þet were idel.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)215/6 : God nele naȝt þet me maki his hous marcat.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2188 : God liketh nat that Raby men vs calle, Neither in market, nyn youre large halle.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.296 : He werred fast on France..Þer markettis & þer faires & þer castels reft.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.328 : In feire & markette þei salle seke him oute.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1513 : A temple was in þe markat Of T[e]ruagaunt.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.220 : I seiȝ in þis assemble..Baxsteres & brewesteres..Taillours and tynkeres & tolleres in marketes.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.72 : Þe samaritan..ladde hym so forth on lyard to lex christi a graunge, Wel six myle or seuene biside þe newe market.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)513 : Aboute vnder þe lorde to marked totz, And ydel men stande he fyndez þerate.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)69/14 : A fayre playn..is clept 'Meldan' in Sarmoyz, þat is to seye, 'feyre' or 'markett' in here langage, be cause þat þere is often feyres in þat playn.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 28.15 : Whanne þo breþer þere harde of oure comynge, þei come agayne vs vnto þo merket of Appii.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)143 : Alle tho that be with ynne the fore sayde markett..shalle yoldyn uppe the sayde markett place of Mewys in Bry.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)850 : Jnto þe market sche rode And houede and abode, Amydward þe cyte.
b
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)925 : Amydde þe market [vr. merkett] of Rome, þe mette to-gedres.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)28 : On þe west side to þe mercate side was a temple dedicate to mynerue.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)19/13 : Victorine..a famous philisophr..had a statua rered to his liknesse in þe markette at Rome.
3.
(a)Trading, bargaining; don ~, to engage in (one's) trading; maken ~, strike a bargain (with sb.), enter in an agreement; ~ makinge, bargaining; (b) a bargain, a transaction; (c) intercourse; maken ~, to have sexual intercourse (with sb.); (d) a situation or position.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)36/35 : Huanne hy [userers] hise yzeþ poure and nyeduol, þanne makeþ hy mid ham marcat [Vices & V.(2): couenaunt] to do hire niedes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)42/12 : Þe vifte [kind of simony] is ine ham þet be markat makinde leteþ hare benefices oþer chongeþ.
- ?a1440 Hortus (Brist-U)274 : Cupidinarius: markat that coueytyth pan[y]s.
- (1459) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1301 : Every fischer that hath a borde in the fischam[elys] and castyth gottys undyr har bordys and wesh noght har bordys aftyr they hath don har markit..schall pay a grot.
b
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)34/18 : Hauyng spyte that this market was thus lost fro hym, he [Judas] yede hym to an-othur and sold his maister..for thritti pans.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)421 : In his slepe he saȝe..Amon..in armes with his qwene, And make with hire market as [he] a man were.
d
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)106 : God for his pitee keepe me, For j am nygh a shrewed market.
4.
Cpds. and combs.: (a) ~ betere (dashere, rennere), one who loiters around a market place, an idler; (b) ~ dai, the day on which market is held; (c) ~ place (stede), a market place; a market town; ~ place of Rome, the Roman Forum; ~ toun, a town that is authorized to hold a market periodically; ?also, a trading town; (d) ~ price, the price that is current for a given commodity in the market; (e) ~ wei, ?a road leading to a market place.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3936 : He was a market betere atte fulle.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Serv.& L.(Corp-C 296)242 : Oþere lordis..wolen preise a worldly prelat..þouȝ he be a market betere, a marchaunt.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)326 : Market daschare: Circumforanus.
- a1450(?c1405) Lerne bodyly (Dgb 102)9 : There market beteres gadere in þrong, Loke þat company þou lede.
- ?1457 Hardyng Chron.A (Lnsd 204)p.749 : To yow..It fytteth wele that poynte to execute..And chastyse hem that market dassehers bene.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)79b : A Merkett better: circumforanus. A merkett rynner: circumforarius.
b
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)104/25 : Þei clepen..þe lecchour & his feere..to ioyne hem to her penaunce, þat is, to walke þre market daies aboute þe comune market bareheed in her schirt.
- (1436) RParl.4.497b : Please itt to your..discretions..to pray ye Kyng..to do proclayme in..Lancastre, at every Market day..that..William, [etc.].
- (1439) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)221 : Hit is ordeynd..that no personne..bye enye Bestaille..of eny Drovere or Bocher..in eny othir place..than oonly in the market of Smythfeld at the two market dayes, that is to wete, Wedesneday & Friday wekely.
- (1440) *Bench Bk.3 Hull14b : Ye said Burgesses and thair heires for ev'more shall have ii markette days wekely withyn the Burgh of Kyngeston upon Hull to be halden in a place therfore ordeyned..one by ye Tiseday and one other by ye Friday.
- (1472) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8524 : Gyffe anny man that comhis to ye markythe wt anny corne sall not set it up fro markyth day to markyde day, [etc.].
- (1472-3) RParl.6.52a : John Assheton may have as many..Writtes..oute of your Chauncery..commaundyng the said Shiref..to make..proclamations uppon the severall market dayes.
c
- (1373) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.102 : [A messuage in the said town lying on the north side of the] marketstede.
- (1389) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.155 : [Robert Shepherde..granted..3 messuages..one opposite] le Marketplace.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1535 : He..let do make, in remembrance, A faire ymage of his semblance, And set it in the market place.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.5101 : He goth into the Market place Of Rome.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1583 : Who so..sette it in a commune market place, Thanne sholde he se ful many a figure pace By his mirour.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)163 : Ȝif ony..ensclaundre other in comoun market stede aforn the pepele of thefte..robberye, [etc.].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)326 : Market place: Forum, mercatorium..emptorium, mercatus.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2246 : iij were hanged in the merkette place.
- (1449) RParl.5.150b : That open Proclamation of this Ordenaunce be made in every Shire, Towne, Port, Havyn, and Markettownes.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)64/27 : In þe large marketplace of Rome..þe grete Image of Cesar stode vpon an heiȝe pilere.
- (1450) Complaint in War.AM 4184 : Thay in eu'y market towne hau let noyse and disolaunder [read: disclaunder] hym otherwise then the trouthe ys.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)237/30 : God wole not þat men make of his hous a market place.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)361/30 : Þe comynez of the toune..brouȝt hym in to þe Market place of the Toun.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)152/17 : She..þoghte on Cristes pouerte, þat, whan she [read: he] was borne, hadde not a place in þe comun marketstede.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)493/8 : He dwelte in þe merket-stede.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)140 : They made another jornay to Caux..and brent many a riall markett tovnes.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)23 : Thay were caried ynto the middis of the marketh place.
- (1473) RParl.6.71b : It is..ordeigned..that..open proclamation be made within every Shire of this Reame, in every market Toune within the same Shire.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.419 : Thei bothe were sleyne in the markethe place of Rome by Otho themperour.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)143 : Thys ys the plesynge and the wylle of the Kyng of Fraunce, and of the Kyng of Inglond..that the market place of Mewys in Bry..be yoldyn.
d
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)212/4 : Ȝif þou selle hym derere þan þe markett prise, þou owyst to restore it.
e
- (1374-5) Doc.Manor in MP 3441 : Marketway.
5.
In surnames & place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.36].
Associated quotations
- (c1200) Doc.Ireland in RS 5326 : Simon de Markat.
- (1303) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)293 : Marketshire.
- (1313) Name in LuSE 35152 : Marketgat.
- (1313) Sub.R.Bristol(1) in BGAS 19236 : Johannes atte Mercat.
- (1327) in Kristensson ME Local Surnames14 : Edith atte Markete.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10183 : Walto ate Markett'.
- (1383) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.4258 : [A messuage..abutting on the highway called] le Markeyd hey.
- (1415) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.286 : [A messuage called] Markethous.
- (1420) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.6 : John of Langton..has leton to ferme to Thurstan..þe Newe market-lande in hyndely-ffelde in þe towne of hyndely.
- (1435) Doc.in Rec.B.Nottingham 2357 : A comon grond yat ye sayd lane gos into yat was sum tyme called 'ye Woman's Merkeht'.
- (1439) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.2150 : Lego Katerinæ filiæ meæ..uxori Roberti..duo tenementa in le Thursday-market in Ebor.
- (1446) in Rec.B.Nottingham 2184 : Unam shopam jacentem in le Flesshshamle in Wykday Market.
- (1454) Act Ripon in Sur.Soc.6433 : Willelmus Smyth de Oldemarketsted.
- (1467) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)196 : Wedynsday market.