Middle English Dictionary Entry
astǒned, astǒuned ppl.
Entry Info
| Forms | astǒned, astǒuned ppl. Also aston(e)ied, astun(i)ed, astonded, astouned, (?from astonied) astoined. |
| Etymology | Formed on AF ppl.; cp. CF eston(n)é, estuné, estouné; the type of astoneied contains the OF suff. -é. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. astonen.
1.
Of persons: stupified, stunned; insensate, unconscious.
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Marg.(Hrl 2277)292 : Þe folc..ful adoun for drede, & seye [read: leye] þer as hi were astoned & as hi were dede.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3271 : So astoned was king Lot, He lese his sadel..&..To grounde he fel.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6287 : Riuel & his hors gent He frust doun at o dent, Þat hors & man astuned lay.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1305 : In gret wraþþe otuwel he smot..Bote otuwel astoneied was Þere he stood vp on þe gras.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)84/142 : Þo cryst was do of rode..as a mesel þer he lay, A-stouned, in spote and blode.
- c1460 Ipom.(3) (Lngl 257)340/4 : The erle gave the white knight such a stroke that he was astounned therwith.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)277/29 : And sir Launcelot..gaff hym suche a buffette that he was astooned, and longe he wyste nat where he was.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2498 : And with that stroke he slewe his hors..hym self also ther with was astoinyd sore.
2.
Upset, bewildered, dumfounded; perplexed, embarrassed; for ~, for being bewildered, in bewilderment.
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)190/17 : Þo gan him sore a-doute; he stod ase þei he a-stoned were.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8168 : So gret noyse, þat cristinemen al destourbed were, Vor hor hors were al astoned [B: astonyed] & nolde after wille Siwe.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)1/1 : Sonderliche his man astoned In his owene mende, Wanne he note neuer wannes he comþe, Ne wider he schel wende.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1339 : He taketh his leue and she astoned [vr. astonied] stood; In al hir face nas a drope of blood.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)100b/b : Alle bestis þat comeþ hym nyȝe ben a stonyed and moueþ noȝt, but falliþ doun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3646 : Cupidis dart..haþe hym markid so, Þat for a-stonyed he nist what to do, So he merveileþ hir gret semlynes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.957 : Þe hundrid knyȝtes..For-a-stonyd gan hem to withdrawe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2785 : O þou, Omer, for shame be now red And be astonyd..On Achilles to setten swiche a pris!
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.274 : His eye..on Criseyde it smot, and ther it stente. And sodeynly he wax therwith astoned.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.427 : O lady myn, Pallas!..so astoned am I that I deye.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1728 : This Pandarus..stant, astoned of thise causes tweye, As stille as ston.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.88 : I wax al abayssched and astoned..and bygan..for to abide what sche woolde doon aftirward.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.21/6 : The seruantes so yn soule hestunyid [L consternatis] and with grete feer affrayed.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)142 : I gan astoned to beholde, For with that oon encresede ay my fere, And with that other gan myn herte bolde.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)934 : Riȝt for astoneid I stode in a traunce.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)1366 : Oute of my slepe anone I did awake, And for astonied knwe, as þo, no rede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1203 : Mony perysshet in þe plase..And the grekes on þe ground were greatly astoynet.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9171 : With langur of lust & of loue hote He was stithly astondid, stird into þoght.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)16 : He was ugly astonyd, and in hys mynd kouth thynk on none other socoure, bot start to the chymney.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)170 : Thei of Frauns were astoyned.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)21 : When herde that, he was so astonyed that he kowde ansuere no worde.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)108 : And joachym stode astonyid as styll as a lombe.
3.
Overcome with surprise or wonder; surprised, amazed, astonished; wondering [quot. 1438].
Associated quotations
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)880 : A-stoneyd for ioye..he ferd as a mased man.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)317 : Al þe folk..Was a-stoneid of þat clout.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)59/22 : Ich wondre & nouȝt onlich wondre, but ich am astonyed also why..siche men praiseþ hem-silf in kunnyng aboue alle men.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3358 : Than Adrastus astounyd [vrr. astonyed, astoneied, astoned, stunyed] was a lyte.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.5.34 : The moevable peple is astoned of alle thinges that comen seelde and sodeynly in our age.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)445 : Iason was al a-stonaid Off that þe knyȝt thus to him said.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)68/28 : Þe cryeng was so lowde & so wondyrful, þat it made þe pepyl astoynd les þan þei had herd it be-forn.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)277/26 : He..bad þaim be merie, for þer doghter had conseyvid Messias..And with þat þe man was estonyd.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)25/13 : And sodeynly..þe peyne went a-wey, Of whech chaunge he was gretly astoyned.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)101a : Alle þat stoode abowte were astonyed whanne þey saughe þe wondre.
4.
(a) Of the senses, mental faculties, parts of the body, etc.: dulled, benumbed, deadened; phlegmatic (temperament), dull; dazed (by light); (b) of good deeds: tarnished.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)25a/a : Lest þe spirit of heringe wer astonyed & I hurt by sodeyn & strong smytinge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)320a/b : Senewes þat beþ astonyed [L induratos] oþer y schronken.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Prov.16.30 : He that thenkith schrewid thingis with iȝen astonyed [WB(1): stoneȝid; L attonitis], bitith his lippis and parformeth yuel.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.30.10 : Thi teeth schulen be astonyed [WB(1): waxe stoneyd; L obstupescent].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.3.131 : Yf he be slow and astonyd and lache, he lyveth as an asse.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)164 : His face shon so bryghte That with the glem astoned was the syghte.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)549 : For so astonyed and asweved Was every vertu in my heved..That al my felynge gan to dede.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)69 : The helme..dooth me so gret encumbraunce, that j am ther inne al astoned, and blynd and def.
- ?c1450 Iff a man (Stockh 10.90)315/327 : Verwayne..To veynes astonyid and to þe syth, [is] Vertows and ful of myth.
- a1500 Lydg.LOL (Adv 19.3.1)p.104 : This ster..gaffe soo clere a lyght, That of the stremis every maner wyght Astoneyed was.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.233 : The goode werkes that he dide biforn that he fil in synne ben al mortefied and astoned and dulled by the ofte synnyng.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.27va (2.2) : When signes & tokenes of warsshing apere in eny of þe forsaide wickede daies and warsshyng come noȝt þerwiþ, wete wel þat kynde is al fortrauailede and astonyede and dismaiede, þorȝ violence and strengh ouergoand and maistriand þe kinde.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.37ra (2.3) : By cause of hete and dryhed þat þe spirituales han þorgh vexacioun of vnkynde hete..þo membres and partyes þat be annex to hem, i. nygh hem, ar smyten and astonyede and distemperede.
Note: Additional quots., sense 4.(a). Editor's gloss: 'dulled, numbed'.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.77rb (2.13) : Vryn inopos or kyanos, more dresty & droubly in þe botume þan elleswhere, seiþ brusting or brusshing or elles stonying of som veyne, or þat kiles or som braunche of hem is astonyed or mystrauailede.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.77va (2.13) : If eny oþer veyn or braunche in þe body be broston or bresede or astonyede, he feliþ grete peyne þeraboute.
Note: ?New sense. Eds. Harvey and Tavormina suggest 'bruised, crushed' for 'astonyede' here. ?Cf. MED astonen v., sense 3.