Middle English Dictionary Entry
laughen v.
Entry Info
Forms | laughen v. Also laghen, la(u)gh(e, laughhen, la(u)ghwen, la(u)ȝe(n, lauȝȝe, la(u)ȝhe(n, lauȝwe(n, lauȝwhe(n, la(u)h(en, la(u)hhe, lahȝe, lahȝhen, lauhwe(n, lauhwhe, lauch(en, lachgen, laqwen, lau(en, lawe(n, lawegen, (error) lauhnen & leighe, leighȝen, leigȝen, le(i)ȝe(n, leȝȝe, lheȝȝe, leiȝhen, leihe(n, lehȝen, le(i)chen & (S & SM) lighen, liȝe(n, liȝhe(n, lihe, lihȝen, liyn. Forms: sg. 3 laugheth, etc. & (K) lheȝþ; p. lough(e, lougȝ, louȝ(e, louȝh, louh(e, lou(e, lọ̄gh(e, lọ̄ge, lọ̄ȝ(e, lọ̄h(ȝe, lọ̄hw, lọ̄hu, lọ̄we, lọ̄ch, leuȝ(e, leuh, leu, leigh, leie, (N) lūgh(e, (error) louke & laughed(e, laughet, laged, laugete, la(u)ȝed(e, lauȝhede, lauȝwede, la(u)hed(e, lauhwede, lawhed, lauchet, lau(w)ede, leighed, leiȝede, (?errors) lacket, lauidh, louched & la(u)ght(e, lo(u)ght; 2 sg. lawhedest; pl. loughen, laugheden, etc. & (errors) lougehn, loughne; ppl. laughen, laughwen, lauhe(n & laughed, lauȝed.?Contraction: layght (= laughen hit). |
Etymology | OE; cp. A hlæh(h)an, WS hlieh(h)an; p. hlōh, pl. hlōgon. Present forms in -e(i-may be from the rare OE var. hlehhan or from ON (cp. OI hlæja). Forms in -au- (& p. -ou-) occur rarely in the 13th cent. and do not become frequent until the 14th. Past forms in -eu-, -ei- may be due in part to anal. with the forms of verbs like knouen, sẹ̄n, etc. The p.ppl. and the weak past of laughen are exceedingly rare before the 2nd half of the 14th century. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To laugh (in amusement, triumph, derision, etc.); smile; jeer; of the eye(s: show pleasure or amusement; (b) ~ for scorn (bismare), ~ ascorn, to laugh in scorn; ~ faste (loude, loudere steven, on height), laugh aloud, loudly; ~ or louren (frounen), laugh or scowl; whatever (one) does; in all circumstances, no matter what; ~ smere, smere ~, laugh contemptuously; ?also, laugh happily; ~ with mouth, laugh, smile; (c) to laugh, rejoice, express pleasure; be happy, revel, enjoy oneself, make sport; of the face: be cheerful, be bright; also fig.; of the heart: rejoice inwardly; ~ in his herte, rejoice in his heart, laugh inwardly; (d) ppl. as adj. smiling, laughing, pleasant; also fig.; laughing eie(s, laughing eyes; laughing chere, laughing face, cheerful manner.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)111/28 : Þis is al þe canges blisse, & te feond bihalt tis gomen & laheð [Tit: lahhes; Nero: lauhweð; Cai: lahed] þet he bersteð.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2059 : He bigan somdel to lyhe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3066 : Þe king bigan somdel to liyhe [vr. lyȝhe] þo he hurde þis tale.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)793 : Sire Degarre him biheld and lowgȝ And gret him fair inowgȝ.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)58/21 : Huer-of hi habbeþ moche of ydele blisse..uor þe herkneres do wel lheȝȝe [Vices & V.(2): liȝe].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)93/36 : Ne þet ne is naȝt lyf of man, ac of child þet nou wepþ, nou lheȝþ [Vices & V.(2): leiȝeþ].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)161/20 : Þe norice..wypeþ þe eȝen..and hi deþ him leȝe be strengþe [F le fet rire a force].
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)4.93 : Wrong went not so awei..Lope he so lihtliche awei, lauȝwhen [vrr. lauȝen, laghen, lawhen; B: laughen; vr. leyȝhen; C: lauhen] he wolde.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Phys-E)p.83 : Ful ille birs us lah and kinc, Quen apon this bischop we think.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1402 : Quen he herd he suld liue namare, Þan he logh [Trin-C: lowȝe], bot neuer are.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1749 : He leiȝeþ, and swereþ by þe sonne, Mede and Perce he haþ ywonne.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6983 : Swiche chaunce þe werlde kepeþ -- Now man leigȝeþ [LinI: lauȝwiþ], now man wepeþ!
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.34 : Þanne laughed [vrr. lawhed, lowȝ] haukyn a litel.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)3.32 : The fader þat me forth brouhte, filius dei he hoteþ, Þat neuere lyede ne lauhwede [vrr. lawhede, lawede] in Al hus lyf-tyme.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4292 : And þouȝ so be, þat with a woful eye Þei can outward wepyn pitously, Þe toþer eye can lauȝ couertly.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.7 : Fortune..whan a wight is from hire whiel ythrowe, Than laugheth she and maketh hym the mowe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)248 : And by that ymage, nygh ynough, Was peynted Envye, that never lough..But if she..herde Som gret myschaunce.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)863 : Hir yen greye, and glad also, That laugheden ay in hir semblaunt, First or the mouth, by covenaunt.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)767 : Lawȝe thou not with no gret cry.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 2.13 : Oþer soþely lowghne ande saide, 'Þise men ben filled wiþ muste.'
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.588 : What do I [Fortune] than, but lauhe & make a mowe!
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)290 : Lawhyn [KC: lawyn]: Rideo.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.God MH (Hrl 2255)85 : Men wyl..Lawhe beforn, and bakward byte.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)120 : Where is it in Holi Scripture groundid..that men schulden or miȝten lauȝwe?
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)609 : Þe chyldryn stood and lowȝ [rime: inowȝ].
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)93 : Whan falsed lawheþ, he forgeþ gyle.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)4798 : Som lowgehn [vrr. loughen, lowhen]..And some wept for tendyrnesse of hert.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)526/19 : Oþer folke lughe & skornyd þaim.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)221/3 : He neuere leyghed ne made merthe.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)26 : Zorastes, whan he was bore, low as no child ded but he.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)197 : 'We, te-he!' quod Tyb, and lugh, 'Ȝe er a dughty man.'
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)19540 : Alle that I worke is vncerteyn, Lyke my dowble contenaunce..I lawe on the ryght syde, And schewe a cher off greet delyte On the party that I am white.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)70b : To laghe: ridere, arridere, corridere.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)517 : The lordes lowe [vr. lewȝe], both old a[nd] yenge.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)40/13 : When þay knew how hit was, all men logh and maden gret joye and borde þerof.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)193/19 : He..beheld and loch and made gret joye þerat.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)39/11 : When he ȝaf to hure hure howsel of Goddis body..sche lawȝwede.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)180/472 : For to se this flode..Mefys nothing my mode, I lagh that I whese.
- c1500 Friar & B.(Rwl C.86)p.75 : Euer þe boye blewe and lewh a monge.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.179 : Now, lauch and play and syng.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8142 : & he warrþ swiþe bliþe þa, & toc to lahhȝhenn lhude.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22419 : Arður..gan lihȝen luddere steftne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23717 : Arthur..lehȝen agon [Otho: gan to lahȝe] ludere stæfnenen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23987 : Þa feol Frolle..his gost he bi-læfde. Þa Bruttes lohȝen [Otho: lowen] ludere stefuene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)34/15 : Ha..makieð þe engles murne & us of muche murhðe to lahhe [Roy: lahen] se lude.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)23 : Þo he wes inne, smere he lou, And þer-of he hadde gome I-nou.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)20/266-7 : Reymyld..Gan leyhe [Hrl: lyþe; Cmb: lynne] wyt hire mouþe; Hye lowe [Hrl: loh] and makede blyþe.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)14981 : Þane king hit þohte game inoh; for hire speche he smere loh.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)187/88 : He louȝ smere ȝwane þe plates In is flesch gonne wade.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.113 : As he alyve were, Sumdel laȝinge with his mouth, he lai as he slepe.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)716 : Þe king bi-heold him ful hokerliche and a-scorn somdel louȝ [Corp-C: lou].
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)154 : Þo heo was þoruȝ þe þrote i-smite..heo..prechede euere of Ihesu crist and wel smere louȝ.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2870 : Þe leuedi louȝ ful smare.
- c1350 How GWife(1) (Em 106)37,38 : Ne lauȝ þou noȝt to loude, ne ȝene þou noȝt to wide. Laȝe [vr. Lawchen] þe miȝt and faire mouth make, Mi leue child.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)386 : Þe Sarzyn gan to lawe smere, & to O[lyuer] sayde þan, 'Wat wendest þou now so me a-fere, þov art an hastif man.'
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1756 : Ro[land] gan lawe smere, And lawyng to Naymes gan he say, [etc.].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.641 : For what so falle, or wel or wo, That thoght foryete I neveremo, Wher so I lawhe or so I loure.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.479 : Or that sche lawghe, or that sche loure, His yhe is ther at every houre.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)653 : Þenne þe burde byhynde þe dor for busmar laȝed.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)23.143 : And þanne lohw [vrr. louh, louȝe; B: lowgh] loude lyf, and let dagge hus cloþes.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)3/6 : Þerfore ich louȝ wel faste, whanne ich herde telle þat Pope Bonefas hadde made a newe statute.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3464 : When he hir saw, ful fast he logh; Him liked it wele in his hert, Þat he saw hir so in quert.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1077 : And after that he seyde, and leigh ful loude, Hymself was litel worth, and lasse he koude.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)7.535 : Thou heer-aftir, wher-so thou lauh or frowne Shalt haue no fauour.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4027 : For scorn he gan to lawȝe schrylle.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4958 : Kyng Richard..ffor þat tydyng ffaste he lowȝ [vrr. logh, low].
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)409 : Had he lawghed, had he loured, He moste have ben al devoured Yf Adriane ne had ybe.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.19 : Then the latelest lord loghe [Dc: lowe] opon heȝte, And Gauan..greuut wundur sore.
- a1500 Awntyrs Arth.(Dc 324)162 : My lere, as þe lele, louched one highte [IrBl: that lauchet so lyȝte].
- a1500 Tax has tenet (Dgb 196)17 : Laddes lowde they lowght [Corp-C: loȝe]..The bischop wan þey slowght.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5663 : He wepeþþ ec forr alle þa Þatt lahȝhenn her wiþþ sinne.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)81/3 : Wa ȝeu ðe nu leiheð for ðese wordles lease blisse.
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)56 : Þe more schame þat he him dude, þe more þe guode man lovȝ [Corp-C: lou].
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.King (Hrl 2277)46 : Þe arewes stode on him þicke..& euere stod þis holi man stille as þey he lowe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)111/25 : Þe yefþ of strengþe..him deþ yerne to by martired, and makeþ ham leȝȝe betuene þe tormens.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.17.17 : Abraham fell into his face, & lewȝ [vr. lowȝ; WB(2): leiȝede] in his hert.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.31.25 : She shal laȝhen [WB(2): leiȝe] in the laste dai.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 6.21,25 : Blessid be ȝe that wepen now, for ȝe schulen leyȝe [vrr. lauȝe, laȝhen]..Woo to ȝou that lauȝhen [vr. leiȝen] now, for ȝe schal morne.
- c1390 Mi word (Vrn)3 : In world wher me be wel or wo, Hou scholde I lauȝwhe or sigge 'Allas'?
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)170a/b : Meedes ben y-hiȝt with herbes..and floures..And þer fore fayrenesse and grene springynge þat is þer jnne; It is yseyde that meedes laghweþ.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15022 : Þe riche men..murn, quils þe pouer men And þe childir logh [Göt: loght; Trin-C: lowȝe].
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)23647 : Þir lahis [Vsp: laghes; Trin-C: lawȝen] in ioi þar þai er lend, Þai wep in soru witoutin end.
- a1400 Roy.Counsels (Roy 17.B.17)66 : Lagh with laghande; Grete with gretande.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1046 : Þe gamen ne geþ nouȝth al by lyne -- Þere summe leiȝeþ and summe whyne.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6980 : Þou miȝttest..Yseen solace and game aryse, Leighȝen, syngen, and daunces make.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)495 : Þen watz þer joy in þat gyn..Ledez loȝen in þat lome.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)472 : Wel by-commes such craft vpon cristmasse Laykyng of enterludez, to laȝe & to syng.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3686 : The soort mot falle..Who so euer lawgh or ellys mourne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1592 : Herde al this thyng Criseyde..For which with sobre cheere hire herte lough.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1172 : But in his herte he thoughte, and softe lough.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.21.6 : And Sare seide, 'The Lord made leiȝynge to me, and who euer schal here schal leiȝe with me.'
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.409 : We haue litil mater for to lauȝhe.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)135/3 : I haue gret cawse for to lawghe, for þe mor schame I suffyr & despite, þe meryar may I ben in owr Lord Ihesu Crist.
- c1440 C.d'Orl.When shal thow (Paris fr.25458)224/126 : Thof y synge & dauns or lagh and play, In blake mournyng is clothyd my corage.
- a1450(a1449) Lydg.WTongue (Hnt EL 26.A.13)68 : Somme morne yn blak, somme laweth [vr. laugh] in clothis white.
- a1450(a1349) Rolle Com.LG (Cmb Dd.5.64)81/260 : Certes, þai war men and wymen as we er, and ete and drank and logh.
- a1450(?1400) In blossemed buske (Dgb 102)36 : Ȝe skorne lordes, and make hem ȝoure foles, To playe and lawhe at ȝoure delys.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3475 : Þenne þey myȝte weel fforbere For to pleye and ffor to leyȝe.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)93 : As an harpe obeieth to the hond And maketh it soune after his fyngerynge, Ryght so mowe ye oute of myn herte bringe Swich vois, ryght as yow lyst, to laughe or pleyne.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)16609 : Many wepe and many lowhyn of that grete semble.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)20169 : Hyr myght Ys youe to hyre..To executen hyr power..Bothe hyr dedys infortunat, And ek hyr werkys ffortunat, Bothe to lawhen and to wepe.
- a1475 Be trewe (Brog 2.1)5 : On hondus and kneis feyn wolde I crepe; When I schulde lawȝe, ȝe make me wepe.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)4867 : Then Goddes folk was fayn inogh, And this song thai couthen syng, for Egipt louret & thay logh.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)26/24 : Ofte tymes we lawhe veinly whan we shuld by reson raþer wepe.
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)74 : Lucyfer toward þe dawnyng Lawgheth in þe oryent & haþe þe west forsake.
d
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)127/5 : Mann is swa blind ðat he farð to helle leiȝinde.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1545 : Ah heo hit lihtliche aber & lahinde [vr. þuldeliche] þolede.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1677 : Alle pleiende somet, alle lahinde somet, eauer iliche lusti.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)119/11 : Þe moder..wið spredde earmes leapeð lahhinde [Nero: lauhwinde; Tit: lahinde] forð, cluppeð & cusseð & wipeð his ehnen.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.20 : Selden comeþ lone lauinde [Hrl: lahynde; Cmb Gg: lechind] homward.
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (Hrl 2277)72 : Þe deuel..cam..And spac wiþ him of his worc wiþ laȝinge [Corp-C: liȝhinge] chere.
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)113 : Marie..seide to Josep with leiȝhinde wille, [etc.].
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)682 : He is of guod colour..LiȝInde and of glad semblaunt.
- c1300 SLeg.Theoph.(LdMisc 108)143 : Ore lauedi cam þo, al liȝinde [Hrl: laȝinge] and with glade semblaunt.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)946 : Lauhwinde ay, and bliþe of speke; Euere he was glad and bliþe.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5632 : Þai..brouȝt þe maide wiþ leyȝeand cher.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)112b/b : He [Saturnus] makþ a man..slowh & heuy, elynge & sory, seldome glad & merye oþir lauȝhynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)190a/a : An herbe þat hatte apium risus þat draweþ and shrinkeþ jawes of men, and sleeþ hem as it were lawȝyng.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)227a/b : Þe herbe þat semed lawhynge whil it bare floures, is atte laste yspoyled of fayrnesse.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3066 : And he haue laghyng wurdys yn mouþe, y warne þe..Swych a man ys ful of gyle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7366 : In visage es he bright and clere, In red of heu, o laghand [Göt: lawhand; Trin-C: lauȝinge] chere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.113 : This lecherye leyde on with a laughyng [vrr. lawhynge, lawynge; Ianglynge] chiere.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)988 : Þus wyth laȝande lotez, þe lorde hit tayt makez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1207 : Ful lufly con ho lete, Wyth lyppez smal laȝande.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)134/15 : In þis world ȝe ben riche, faat fed, lauȝyng & preisid iche of oþir.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)99/11 : Som ben euermore smyling & leiȝing at iche oþer worde þat þei speke, as þei weren gigelotes & nice japyng jogelers lackyng kontenaunce.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2809 : Hir persone he shall afore hym sette, Hir laughing eyen, persaunt and clere, Hir shape, hir forme, hir goodly chere.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)56b/a : Risibilis: lauȝynge.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)346/14 : Þei goon synginge & lawhinge, spendinge her tymes in vanytees, in delicis, & in grete vnhonestees.
- c1425 My dere an (Lin-O Lat.100)8 : Her brows þay er both brant & bright, with ij gray lawhyng een.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.Ad Filium (Hnt HM 744)62 : Eeue me gladith with a lawwhyng ye.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4301 : His doughtres both with a lawghyng chere..spake.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)186 : Vp þan rose sir Rowlande..with a lagheande chere.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4367 : Lufe we no laike in oure lede, ne laȝand mirthis.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)1548 : Benigne of port, wyth chere smyling Hyr eyen glade ay laughyng.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.1759 : For weepynge teeres, we shal haue lawhynge Ioye.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)70b : Lawghand [Monson: Laghande]: risibilis.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)21.6 : All ill men..made hethynge at him..thai wagid the heued, laghand and manasand.
- -?-(?a1500) Hunt.Hare (Adv 19.3.1)19 : The yoman sayes with laghhyng chere, 'Dwelles ther ony gentyllmon here?'
2.
(a) To laugh at (sth.); rejoice over (sth.); look with favor on (sth.); (b) ~ gret (a loud) laughter, to laugh loudly; (c) ~ thi fille, to laugh your fill; ~ his herte fille, laugh to his heart's content; (d) refl. to laugh oneself (to death); (e) ~ to (at, into) scorn, ~ to bismare (hoker, scorn, etc.), ~ til (unto) hething, to laugh (sb.) to scorn, ridicule (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.107 : I shal..beloure þat I louȝ [vrr. lowgh, laughed, love, belouȝ] er, þeiȝ liflode me faile.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.1.13 : Sche [Fortune] laugheth and scorneth the wepynges of hem, the whiche sche hath maked wepe with hir free wille [L gemitus..quos fecit ridet].
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)79/5 : He sulde slake & softly ponyschand of innocentis paynys ay suld he not layght [L non semper rideat].
b
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)96 : Efter þire wordis A lowde laȝter he loȝe.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1558 : A lowde laghtur þat lady logh.
- c1500 King & H.(Ashm 61:Hazlitt)305 : The kyng ete, and made hym glad, And grete lauȝtere he lowȝe.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3722 : Now hust and thou shalt laughen al thy fille.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3006 : Geffrey..made hanybald to lauȝe al his hert fell.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3117 : Every man gan lawȝe al his hert fill.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.305 : Þey haue an herbe..þat makeþ men laughe hem selue to deþ.
e
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)283 : Swete ihesu..ha..lahhen þe to hokere þer þu o rode hengest.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)139/4 : Nulle ȝe bute lahhen [Nero: lauhwen] him lude to bismere.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)211/1 : Nalde me lahhen [Nero: lauhwen; Cleo: lachgen] a beggere lude to bismere, þe leaðede men to feaste?
- c1350 How GWife(1) (Em 106)158/15 : Lau þou noȝt to scorn neiþer olde no ȝunge.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.121 : Cham..lowh his fader to scorne, for he say his priue harneys al bare and vnheled, while he lay on slepe.
- c1390 Disp.GM & Devil (Vrn)184 : Alle wolle þei ful ȝare Lauhwhe þe to bisemare.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)4.137 : Loue lette of Meede luite and louh hire to scorn.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6931 : Thei were alle glade And lowhen him to scorne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2028 : His fader he til hething [Göt: To skorning; Trin-C: To scorne] logh.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15881 : Þe feluns logh him til hething [Trin-C: to scorn] on ilk side, allas!
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)281/4 : Ful ofte tyme men leie me to scorn, for I wolde not entermete me of sich curis.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.137 : Loue..louȝ hire to scorne.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)290 : Lawhyn [KC: lawyn] to skorne: Derideo, irrideo.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)433 : Ilke a leueande lede wolde laughe me to skorne.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)8197 : And þan shalt þou be lawhe to skorn.
- a1450(1413) Glade in god call (Dgb 102)147 : Oþer kyngdomes lauȝhe vs not to skorn.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1995 : The clerkys..louhe to scorne the emperour.
- c1450 *Nicod.(3) (Eg 2658)15b : Þese princis and Iewes lawhed hem to scorne and sayden þat þei lyeden.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)580/31 : They of Brugges were glad, and logh hem of Gaunt [to scorn].
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)111 : Thei ben lauȝed into scoorn of the lay personys whiche schulden..be convertid.
- c1460 Ipom.(3) (Lngl 257)351/42 : Euery man lough him at scorn.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)18/12 : Som of hem lough hym to scorne..and mo other called hym a wytche.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1345 : He..lew me to skorne & game.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)24.2 : Neque irrideant me inimici mei..my faas lagh me til hethynge.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)281/86 : I loghe hym vnto hethyng, And rofe of his clethyng.
3.
With prep.: (a) ~ on (to, up, upon), to smile at (sb.), look with favor on (sb.), look fondly at (sb.); also fig.; ~ on everi man, laugh openly; (b) ~ on (upon), to laugh at (sb.); deride (sb.); (c) ~ at (of), to laugh at (sb. or sth.); mock (sth.), make little of (sth.); (d) ~ at (for, in, of), to laugh because of (sth.); be glad of (sth.), rejoice in (sth.); also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18542 : Ofte he hire lokede on..ofte he hire loh to, & makede hire letes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25980 : Euere he to þan wiue loh, & sone umbe while he lai bi þan wife.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)903 : Þe kok stod, and on him low, And þoute him stalworþe man ynow.
- a1350 Most i ryden (Hrl 2253)17 : Þ[at] lussom, when heo on me loh, ybend wax eyþer breȝe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))3 Esd.4.31 : If she loowe [WB(2): lowȝe] to hym, he looȝ, and if she were wroth to hym, he glosith.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3320 : Thes wommen gon hom glade ynowh, Echon for joie on other lowh.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1723 : And Venus laugheth [vrr. lawheþ, laght; bouȝe] vpon euery wight, For Ianuarie was bicome hir knyght.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1565 : Kyng Alisaunder vpon hym louȝ, And in herte was bliþe ynouȝ.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.203 : For-þi loue we as leue bretheren shal, and vche man laughe vp other.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)16.147 : Conforty hym [thine enemy] with þy catel..And leye on hym þus with loue tyl he lauhe [vrr. lawȝen, leiȝe] on þe.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1092 : For þe world laghes on man and smyles, Bot at þe last it him bygyles.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5061 : Though she hym calle hir paramour, And laugheth on hym, and makith hym feeste.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.150 : Ȝif a man have worldely blisse and þe world leiȝe [vr. joye] to him in killynge of his enemyes.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)95/558 : Þe child..faste on [vr. vpon] þame loghe.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)951 : For ioye on hym scho loughe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)248 : Sir Cador of Cornewayle..Lughe on hym luffly with lykande lates.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)102 : Though the world lawith [F rit] on the, tryst it not, lete thi hoope be sette in God.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)43.206 : The Dewk gan lawhen On Every Manne; thanne Iosephes Axede hym..'Why lawhe ȝe, Sire, In swich Manere?'
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1361 : Whan þat fortunes deceyuable cheere Lawhid on me.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)3253 : Anazaree vpon him lough.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)21/148 : All þis wele is ȝevyn to me and to my wyf þat on me lowh.
- c1450(a1400) Chev.Assigne (Clg A.2)98 : Þese chylderen..ley and lowȝe on hym louelye all at ones.
- c1500 Corneus (Ashm 61)44 : Euery cokwold on oþer leuȝe.
- c1500 Corneus (Ashm 61)92 : The kyng..fast..lowȝhe þe erle vpon And bad he schuld be glad.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hab.1.10 : He shal haue victorie of kyngis..he shal leiȝe vpon al strengthe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511:Hearne)p.cxci : Þan said þe kyng, & on him louh, [etc.].
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)75/16 : He bigan to lawȝe vpon þe womman wiþ scorne and wiþ disdeyne.
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/14 : Ðe woreld-mann lihtliche leicheð of ydelnesse ðe he isieð oðer iherð.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3740 : Hym self he slow..Of which fortune lough and hadde a game.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.476 : Oure blissed lordes body they to tere..And ech of hem at otheres synne lough.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3849 : Every wight gan laughen [vr. laughwen] at [vr. of] this stryf.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3855 : Whan folk had laughen [vrr. laughwen, lawhen] at this nyce cas..Diuerse folk diuersely they seyde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2722 : Sarra..Herd þis word and logh [Göt: lohu; Trin-C: lowȝe] þar-at, And said in hething, [etc.].
- a1400 Wycl.MPl.(Add 24202)45 : Thei [Jews] lowen at his passioun as these [miracle-players] lowyn and japen of the myraclis of God.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.194 : Ich had lykynge to lauhe [vrr. lauȝȝe, liȝe] of lecherye tales.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)464 : Þe kyng & Gawen þare, At þat grene þay laȝe & grenne.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)139/27 : Þe Kyng lauȝhede þerat ij or iij & litil sette þerof.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1821 : In hymself he lough right at the wo Of hem that wepten for his deth so faste.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)6236 : But [Ector] at that strok lowe..He ȝaff no more of his smytyng Then of a fflyes bytyng.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1251 : But, as in love, alday it happeth so, That oon shal laughen at anothers wo.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)7/29 : Of an innocentis payns þou laghys.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.215 : She gan to smyle & lauhhe at hir in deed Bi a maner scornyng in certeyn.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)495 : Lat neuer þis lawles ledis lauȝ at his [Christ's] harmys, Þat bouȝt vs fram bale.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)234 : Ryght as him list, he laugheth at my peyne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5084 : As it is fre to a fole foly to carpe..Laghe at it lightly and let it ouer pas.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)626 : Al the court above celestial At youre shame gan laughe and smyle.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)174/5222 : He fel and had fortore His hose, at which fulle many of hem lough.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)426/12 : All þe scolers loghe at hym & had grete disdeyn.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)8/28 : His fader low at his gouernauns, & rebuked him of no defaute.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)14 : Therat the ussher lughe, and held her bot a fule, chargyng her to go her way.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1398 : Þe soudan..Loȝ of hys speche.
- a1500 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Cai 174/95)p.516 : Some at me laughis [Lamb 853: mowis] & some smylys, And thus they holde me a kynde caytyffe.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14981 : For hire spæche he loh.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)51/151 : For gladnesse heo lovȝ and weop teres wel mani on, Þo heo saiȝ hire broþur so a-slawe and so sovnd of flechs and bon.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1784 : Þanne were his felawes fain..& lauȝeden of þat gode layk.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.1.26 : I forsothe in ȝoure deth shal lawȝhe [WB(2): leiȝe; L ridebo]; and vndermouwe ȝou, whan to ȝou that, that ȝee dredden, shal come.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1494 : And firy Phebus riseth vp so brighte That al the orient laugheth [vrr. laugheeth, lawheþ, laugete, laughet, laged, lacked, lawght] of the lighte.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)279/6 : A riche kyng, þt neuer mihte lauȝwhe in gladyng.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.93 : Of his leosinge I lauhwe [vr. smyle]..Ac for his wynnynge I wepe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1766 : Bot he therof nothing ne lowh For sche..clepeth him hire housebonde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2034 : Whan he this herde, of joie he louh.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)3156,3158 : The child..byhelde hys fadyr, and loughe. Hys fadir asked..Why he loge and at wat. 'Fadir,' quod he..'I louke ate the ravens thre.'
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2602 : XL of hethen he sloughe..And Floripas ther-of loughe.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)81 : I schal lawȝe in ȝour deþ, and bymowe ȝow wen þis schal cum to ȝow þat ȝe dred.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)12 : And ȝe wil listyn..Ȝe shalle lawghe of gyle.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.138 : Jhu yt wald for synners thole passionne Shal at thaire deth lagh than in thaire dampnacionne [L de eorum damnatione ridebit].
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)94 : In þe schendyng of swiche schall mychel folk lawȝe.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- 1372 Ber þe wel (Adv 18.7.21)p.17 : Spek seldom and skilfuliche. Ne lauque nouth to lithliche.
Note: ?NF
Note: If this is laughen v. we don't have the spelling. If it is something else, we don't have it.--per MJW
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)41bb : Abraham fyl doun his face toward therthe and lawhted in his herte.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)42aa : She sayd she smylid ne lawhed not, and our lord said 'it is not so for thou lawhedest.'
Note: New spellings and forms added to form section: (3 sg. p.) 'lawhed' and (2 sg. p.) 'lawhedest'. Both belong to sense 1.(a).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1500(?a1425) Boeth.Bk.Comfort (BodAuct F.3.5)228/73 : The soule of a man shal be mad stedfast in a wise meene betwene the laughynge prosperite of unseker Fortune and her aduersarie glomynge.
Note: Additional evidence for sense 1.(d), laughing present ppl. as adjective, 'associated with happiness, or even giddiness'.