Middle English Dictionary Entry
arēren, arẹ̄ren v.
Entry Info
Forms | arēren, arẹ̄ren v. Also aræren, araren. |
Etymology | OE ārǣran raise, rear & OE ā)hrēran stir up, arouse (chiefly senses 12-15). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. reren.
1.
(a) To raise (sth.) to a vertical position; to set upright; ~ up; (b) of a horse: to rear.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)80/30 : He bið ilic þam men þe summe læddræ aræreð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9958 : He lette a-ræren..enne..stan.
- a1300 I syke (Dgb 2)15 : Þe rode was op a-reride.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.449 : Þe same kyng heet arere postes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)150a/b : Þe pecok hath..a symple paas, & smal necke & arered, & a blew brest..He wondred on þe fairnesse of his feþeres & areriþ hem vp..aboute his heed.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)138/3 : Þe hors areride vpon hise two hyndere feet.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)5924 : The sted arerud and fel bakward.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)718/24 : Sir Palomydes..gate the horse..by the brydyll, and therewithall the horse arered.
2.
To erect, set up (a building, monument, engine of war); build (a city); construct or raise (a dike, roadway); also fig.
Associated quotations
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.654 : Hi wolden an mynstre areren.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10204 : Chirchen he letten areren.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)27/4 : And uppe þese stane..ich wille araren mine cherche.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)246 : He wolde þe temple al to-breke Þat þe kyng salomon makede ful yere And þene þridde day him seolf a newa a-reare.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)259 : A strong wal he liet a-rere.
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)941 : Cole king..made colchester..Ȝernemouþe he arered þo.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.233 : Colloseus ymage..Þere is grete wonder how it myȝte be i-ȝote oþer arered.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.23 : At Stonhenge..þere beeþ grete stones and wonder huge, and beeþ arered an hiȝ as hit were ȝates.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.28.22 : This stoon, that I haue areryde [WB(2): reiside] into a signe of worship.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4325 : Goode engynes..In euery half he leet hem arere.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)226/50 : I xal Arere new Engynes of malycious conspiracy.
- ?a1500(?1458) Off alle Werkys (Inscr)p.42 : These weren the dyches i diged..And i cast up to arere with the wey.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)30/16 : Ther thay arered a dyche, & a feble castel vpon.
3.
(a) To lift or raise (sth.) to a higher position; place or set on high; raise (a banner) aloft; hoist (a sail); ~ up; pull (a tooth); raise (dust); mid fure aræred, ?go up in flames; (b) ~ cri, cry out.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)10/30 : He þa up arærde þa ærenæ naddræn.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)124/29 : All þæs middaneard byð mid fure aræred.
- ?c1335 Elde makiþ me (Hrl 913)p.172 : Eld me haþ so hard ihent:..Vch toþ fram oþer is trent, Arerid is of rote.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11249 : He arerde is baner, þat me wide isey.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1067 : He het iiij kniȝtes him arere & bere him forþ on a scheld.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)19b/a : He ȝaf to men visagis arerid toward þe sterres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)140a/b : Briddes..fleeþ nout wiþoute wynges nouþir areriþ hemsilf fro þerþe vp in to þe eyre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)250a/a : Tabula is..a mete bord..and is arrered and sette vpon feete.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4072 : Bowȝes..hij kytten And to her horses tales knytten..Þe bowȝes þe dust heiȝe arereþ.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.7.17 : The watres..arereden [WB(2): reiseden] the arke in hiȝt fro the erthe.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2565 : Hurre blessud body..a-rerede vp from þe grounde two fote & more.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)166/72 : To the crekkyshe see þey come anone, Arerith seyle, and gyneth gonne.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3020 : Þe Sarazyns sone þat cry arereþ..And þanne þay prykede among our men.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)497 : He walde have lyen my by, Bot I hadde areryd cry.
4.
(a) To raise (sb.) to a standing position; ~ up; fig. to put (sb.) on his feet, make secure; (b) to get up, arise; -- intr. or refl.; (c) to restore (sb.) to health, cure; cure (an ill); rise from the sickbed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)120/28 : Heo feollen on þa eorðe. Þa..Crist..heom mid his honden up arærde.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)68b : Hwen he falleð, naueð he hwa him areare.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)157 : We ne moȝe naȝt þo þet bieþ yualle arere.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)322 : Sche bad hur maydyn..Arere vp Gye fro the grounde.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)129 : Huanne he awakeþ and arereþ.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)178 : Be þe ssrifte iche me arere [Vices & V.(2) 182/14: I rise] alneway þe more milde.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)210 : Sone he arerd him after þan.
- a1500 Trev.Barth.(Cmb Ii.5.41)1115/7 : Arereþ [?read: erreþ; Lat: errauerit; Add: Þe lombe knoweþ his owne moder in so moche þat if he roreþ among many schepe in a flokke, anon by bleynge he knoweþ þe voice of his owne mooder.]
c
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)112.87/2 : Sile him ðas wyrte..heo hine areerh [read: areerð].
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)36.40 : Ȝif Ony breth In his body be founde, he hopede hym to AReren.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)36.58 : Of his Siknesse he dide him Arere, And there he A-Ros with strengthe & Myht.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)45/5 : Forto arere the sekenys of holy church.
5.
(a) To set up, set going, establish, found (a way of life, practice, institution, etc.); institute (law); secure, maintain, perpetuate; also, become established [quot.Conq.Irel.]; (b) to bring or come about, effect; (c) ~ fin, to make an agreement or settlement; (d) to initiate (a writ).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)93 : Efter þissere bisnunge weren arerede munechene lif.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)115 : King..scal..unriht aleggen and þene ileaue areren..Ðes kingges rihtwisnesse arereð his kine setle.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)235 : Þer efter arerde god þas lage þurh moysen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11820 : Þus Armoriche nome niðer wæs auælled, swa þat næuere mare ne bið he aræred.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)437 : Thre hondred besauntz uche yer..he yef to arere the lyht Of seint Peter apostel bryht.
- a1400 Ȝissinge and glosinge (Hrl 7322)5 : Vnkundenesse, vnkunninge, vnclannesse, beon arerd.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.25.7 : The brother of my man wol not arere [WB(2): reise] seed of his brother in Yrael.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.129 : Bi siche execucioun of fals prelatis..is Goddis lawe quenchid and Antecristis arerid.
- a1450 Form Excom.(1) (Cld A.2)62 : Also alle þat oþur statutes, or lawes, or customes, or vsages, areruth or makuth!
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)2/21 : Ȝeue vs grace..to lere Of ham..Crystendom how they gonne arere.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)45/1 : He [St. Thomas the Apostle] commencid holy church wyth his blod whan she was arerynge. Also this [Beket], whan she had long stond, and wox in elde..wyth his blode he put hyr in good state.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.23 : Reyn is y-seie arered vppon þe hilles and anon i-spronge aboute in þe feeldes.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)341/276 : He seyde, myd here stinking his deþ hy wolden arere.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)1.284 : God..Wold all his conqvest and his victory Shuld been arrered oonly be here.
c
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.51 : In what manere þat Meede in Mariage was [I-feffed], To beo fastnet with fals þe fyn was arered.
- (a1443) *Pet.Chanc.PRO ser.CP 1 file 12no.62 : William Tournour and Alice his wife..areryd a fyne..vn to the sayd beseker..of the maner of Brokenborough.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)346/19 : A fyne arrered in the kyngis Courte at westmynstre.
d
- a1325 Rwl.Statutes (Rwl B.520)1:61/28 : Ȝif he arerez [L suscitet; F leue] anoþer writ of oþer entree, ȝif þe tenaunt in þat oþer writ hadde uewe, in þe secunde he ne sal noȝt habbe.
6.
(a) Theol. To raise (the dead), resurrect; ~ to live; (b) restore (sb.) to grace, save; (c) raise (spirits), conjure up.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)14/22 : Heo arærdon þa deaden on heoræ Drihtines nome.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)136/20 : Ac ure Hælend mæȝ..þa sawlæ aræren swa he þas þry deaden dyde.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)6/12 : Ure drihten eft of deaþe heo areareþ..þonne domes dai [cum]eþ.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)223 : God arerð eft þane licame to ecene þingum a domes deȝ.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1112 : Godes sune, þe..aras & arerde him seoluen from deaðe.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)49.290 : The dede to lyve Areren welen he.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget (Gar 145)35/24 : [Lazarus] was arered fro deth to lyfe.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)139b : Out of graues he arerud ma[n]y dede men.
b
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)20/294 : Ȝef bireowsunge areare ham to liue.
- (a1333) Herebert Iesu (Add 46919)11 : So bitter deth to þolien, urom sunne ous uor t'arere.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1938 : Samuel..Thurgh that the Phitonesse hath lered In Samarie was arered Long time after that he was ded.
7.
(a) To lift up (the heart, the spirit); enhance (understanding); exalt (wickedness); (b) to elevate (sb.) in moral strength; (c) to elate (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)78/2 : Aræreð eowre heorte to ðam heofenlice Gode mid soðe ileafe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)86 : Hy habbeþ hire herten zuo arered ine god, þet hi ne prayseþ þe wordle.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)136 : Þe misziggeres..arereþ þet quead an loȝeþ þet guod.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)227a/a : Vnderstondynge of inwitte is arered þerwiþ and dymnesse y putte of.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.340 : Þis gospel..areriþ mennis soulis, and makiþ hem þus stonde in bileve.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)85 : Uirtue arereþ þane man an heȝ, and him deþ þe wordle onderuot.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)125 : He him a-rereþ an heȝ a-boue þe perils þet byeþ ine þe wordle.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.3.16 : Arered ben the doȝtris of Sion, and thei wenten with straȝt out necke.
8.
To raise, levy (troops); gather (an armed force).
Associated quotations
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)23/25 : Out of oþer contrees þat he holt, he may arrere mo þan 1 Mill. [50, 000 men].
- (1454) Paston2.310 : The mayr and the sheriffe..were fayn to arere a power to resyst the sayd riotts.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)127/9 : Kyng Arthure lette wryte unto kyng Pellynor..to make hym redy with suche peple as we myght lyghtlyeste arere.
- a1500 Brut-1419 (Rwl B.173)393/12 : This Owen arered a nombre of Walshe-men..and did moche harme.
9.
To levy or collect (a tax, tribute, etc.).
Associated quotations
- c1330(?a1300) KAlex.(Auch)424/194 : He..doþ arere newe tailage On kinges, doukes [etc.].
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)435 : He arerede of ys lond her Thre hondred besauntz uche yer.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)74 : And þat seluer þat shal be a-rered [F leue] of þilke hows[es]..be y-take to sexe godemen.
- (1429) RParl.4.337b : An hole Disme of your lay poeple, to be arered in maner accustumed, paiable atte Cristemas come Twelmoneth.
- (1472) RParl.6.64a : Noon other sommes of Money by hym to be reysed..save only of such parcelles as he..may arere and gadre.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.35.80a : His rentes and reuenuces, gabelles and custumes, and othir suche auauntages rightwisly to be lift and arrered.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)360 : Þat þei þat raunson with right arere ne might.
10.
Med. (a) Of the skin, a scab: turn up, separate (from the flesh); arered, protruding, swollen; (b) push or press upward.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)53b/a : Men hauen broode brestes and somdel arered in þe riȝt side & in þe lift.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)89b/a : If þe skinne is arerid.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)299b/a : If þou kittest and slittest his skynne so þat it arere som dele fro his fleissh.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)93/7 : Þese ben þe tokenes of þe cankre..þe lippis ben grete..& ouer al aboute arerid.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)213/25 : Wiþinne a fewe daies þe cruste was arerid vp.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)30b/b : Þat is þerine..arereþ vp [*Ch.(1): reiseþ] more in swellynge.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)313/7 : Wiþ þi riȝthond presse vpon þe brekyng, & arere vpward wiþ þi fyngir wiþinneforþ, & presse wiþ þin hond wiþoutforþ.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)318/10 : Wiþ þin hond þat is anoyntid arere vp his rib.
11.
Physiol. Of 'humors' and 'heat': to ascend or make ascend.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213a/a : Hete is y holpe and arered to þe place of fruyt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)227b/a : Watery humour..is y drawe and arered by hete fro the roote vp to þe bowes.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)30a/b : Þe smekes þat ben arered vp fro þe corrupte membre.
12.
(a) To stir up (hostility, discord, strife, etc.); start (a quarrel, a conflict); (b) to arouse (laughter); (c) of harm, desires: arise.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)6/45 : For efre þu arerdest sake.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22966 : Ȝif on uolke feondscipe arereð..bitweone two monnen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26290 : Riche men..hine beden þat he wið Romleode summe sake arerde.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)28b : Ah ear þen þet biddunge areare eani scandle, ear deie martir.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1420 : Betere it were In faire manere..to ende bringue, Þane contec arere In swuche londe..aȝen þe kingue.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)61 : Huanne me vint..þe kueades uor oþren to arere blame.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)66 : Þe zenne [of] ham þet he hare kueade tonge sostyeneþ and arereþ þe strifs and þe euele wylles betuene ham þet byeþ uryendes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.133 : Wrethe þat was arered bytwene hym and kyng Egfred.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.83 : Þey arrerede werre aȝenst hym.
- a1450 Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)489 : Ȝif any man dar werre arere.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)124/13 : More slawndyr we to xal a-rere with-in an howre..than evyr þer was þis thowsand ȝere.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)101/15 : Ȝif ani..aræreð up hleitres, none wunienge ne haue he mid ðe.
c
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)65b : Willes wiðute neod arearet iþe heorte.
- c1330 KTars (Auch)251 : Ar ani more sorwe arere.
13.
(a) To arouse or stir up (sb.), stimulate or incite (to action); (b) refl. rouse oneself, take courage; ~ up herte.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)113 : Þenne he arereð his mod mid modinesse onȝein god.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)200 : A grace of briȝtnesse..huerby onderstondinge of man is arered uor to knawe his sseppere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)19b/a : Þe spirit is arered vp by gouernaunce to þe contemplacioun of god.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)283a/a : If he [a horse] is soone arrered [L concitetur].
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)53 : Iesu crist shal arere aȝenst the an aduersary.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)40/22 : Almes..arerez [L excitat] angeles to come aȝeyns vs in helpe.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)179 : Þe dyeuel zayþ..'Arere þe and do þi wyl.'
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)23/1 : Men of leynyster..arrere we vp oure hertes, boldely vs to defende.
14.
To start or flush (game).
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)280b/a : Whanne þe hert is arered, he fleeþ to a ryuer oþer to a ponde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)202/80 : Þe hare fro þe fforme we xal a-rere.
15.
To agitate (waves), stir up (wind).
Associated quotations
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)92 : Whan þe wind..þe wawus arereþ.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.20 : Fro whennes eke þese wyndys ben arerid.