Middle English Dictionary Entry
gēren v.
Entry Info
Forms | gēren v. Also ger(e, gerre & gar(en, garre, gair(e. Forms: sg. 3 gēres, gāres, garres, garreth & gers, gars; p. gērede, gērut(te, gāred, gard, gurede & gert(e, gart(e; ppl. i)gēred, igāred, igæred, gard, (error) gere & gert, gart. |
Etymology | ON; cp. OI göra, görva, gera, gerva. For some of the forms, cp. also OE gearwian, ME yāren . |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To prepare or equip (oneself); prepare (a corpse for burial); ~ aweiward, prepare (oneself) to go away; (b) to equip (oneself) for fighting, arm (oneself); (c) to dress (sb., oneself); ppl. gered, clothed (in a certain manner); (d) to ornament (sth.), adorn; (e) ppl. gered, ?parti-colored.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1417 : Sone o-morwen he gan him garen..and wolde hom faren.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2441 : So he for-let ðis werldes strif; [J]Osep dede his lich faire geren, Wassen, and riche-like smeren.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3168 : Egipte folc bad hem faren And swiðe aweiward hem garen.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8661 : Þe cnihtes þe weoren igarede bi-gunnen to fæhten.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9876 : Duȝeþen heom gereden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16197 : Cnihtes þer fuhten mid feondliche ræsen; æuerælc god mon gurede hine seolfuen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27382 : Þa heo igæred weoren mid gode heore wepnen, þa spac Luces sone.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1986 : As a duke dowty, do þee to be dred; gere þee with geris fro toppe to þe too! kyth þis day þou art a kynge frely fedde!
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6272 : Heore claðes weoren iwerede, and vuele heo weoren igærede [Otho: igered].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8400 : Þa gunnen heo to pleien: summe mid foten, ueire igerede, summe an heorse, hehliche iscrudde.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1568 : He schal be gered ful gaye in gounes of porpre.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)179 : Wel gay watz þis gome gered in grene.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1872 : When he watz gon, Sir G[awayn] gerez hym sone, Rises & riches hym in araye noble.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)122 : He was gerede alle in grene, alle with golde by-weuede.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1344 : Of stokkes and stones he stoute goddes callz..þay are gilde al with golde and gered wyth sylver.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1444 : Þe jueles..were semely arayed..Þe gay coroun of golde gered on lofte.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1832 : Ho laȝt a lace lyȝtly, þat leke vmbe hir sydez..Gered hit watz with grene sylke, & with golde schaped.
e
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)972 : The wandes..Som bar blake and som brokyd, sum skellyd and sum garde.
2.
(a) To make (sth.); (b) to cause (sth.), bring about, produce; do (sth.); (c) with adj. or ppl.: to make (the heart glad), get (sb. armed or shriven); (d) ?to come into being.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)791 : A ful huge heȝt hit haled vpon lofte..vp to þe tablez..& syþen garytez ful gaye gered bitwene.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.853 : He gart yarof..[180] peces & xij.
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)138 : Ðe seuene [planets] he bad on fligte faren, And toknes ben, and times garen.
- c1390 NHom.Theoph.(Vrn)118 : So muchel care fel in his herte as þe ffend of helle gerte [vr. him gert].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13835 : Vr halidai noght he forberes, Bot mani dedes o þaim he geres [Trin-C: doþ].
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)1023 : He may goo wyth an lawghyng herte, And thou, thy selffe, hit gartte.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)10/44 : Gog gif the sorow, boy! want of mete it gars.
c
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)18/10 : Alexander gert armede hyn [read: hym] suerely & wele.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)772 : Myȝte he neuere with crafft ne gynne Gare hym schryuen off hys synne.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)43/104 : Thi lufly chere makis my hert glad, And many a tyme so has it gart.
d
- a1300 I leue in godd (Arun 292)p.368 : I leue in godd almicten fader, ðatt heuene & erðe made to gar.
3.
As auxiliary or quasi-auxiliary: (a) with inf.: to cause (sth. to be done), have (sth. done), order (sth. done); ~ maken, have (sth.) made; don and ~ don, do and have done; sufferen and ~ sufferen, permit and cause to be permitted; (b) with inf. having a personal subject: to cause (sb. to do sth.), make or compel (sb. to do or experience sth.); lead (sb. to do sth.); (c) with inf. having an animal or a thing as subject: to cause or make (sth. do or suffer sth.); cause (a command to be carried out).
Associated quotations
a
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.117 : Yen schalis gyld brethere gare seke him iij myle aboute.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.64 : Ageyn þe erle Godwyn he gert sette assise.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.147 : Gregorie þe grete clerk gart [vr. lete] write in bokes The ruele of alle religious.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)176 : Off my gudes I sall gar gyffe..To poure men.
- (1419) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8514 : That the Tresorer and the person of Seint John kyrk of Pyke gar remove thayre pryves that standys upon the kynges dyke.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.757 : His felaws schall'..gare make apon hair own cost all' manere of Tymbirwerke.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)412 : Þe Emperoure wil ger sla vs all.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3826 : Þe king gert cum sone of þe best Surgiens.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)20 : He gers bring before him all þe nobilest and þe fairest maydens.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.852 : He gart make bot xxvj peces.
- (1429) Will York in Sur.Soc.4420 : ij marcz to hym selfe for his labour that he sall do & gar do for me.
- (1435) RParl.4.489b : They suffre and gare suffre ye seid William to be quite and discharged of ye seide brekyng of prison.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick350 : Also we enioyne yow, prioresse..that wythe alle your diligence and hast possyble ye gare seke your sustere Anneys Butylere, that is owte in apostasye, and bryng hire home to hire cloystere.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)703 : Dame Gaynour garte [vrr. gerut, gared] besyly wryte in to þe weste.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)18/7 : He garte make anoþer bastelle.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)41/16-7 : Sum..saide þam thoghte it beste to gerre smyte of his heid..Sum, to gare drawe & hang hym.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.49 : A rialle fest gerut he make.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1629 : Priam..a pales gert make.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)106 : He garte sadyll hym a palfraye.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1199/32 : I shall founde and gar make an house of relygions.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)420 : When brede faylys at borde aboute, The marshalle gares sett with-outen doute More brede.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)312 : She brouȝt him out of þe prison, and gert bathe him.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)84/184 : Gar serche youre land in euery stede.
b
- ?a1300 Sirith (Dgb 86)449 : I shal, for mi mede, Garen him to spede, For ful wel I con.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)189 : Þer-on he garte þe erl suere Þat he sholde yemen hire wel.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2343 : Þe geaunt gert he blede.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)56/250 : In cas that we have..willfalli gere [?read: gered] our euen cristen Lese thaire patrimoyne.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1248 : Gretly y þonk god, þat gart me a-chape.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.289 : Þenne was þat folk fayn and fedde hunger..and gart [vrr. gert, gartyn, dyden, made, gat] him to slepe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1334 : He loked..And sagh þe thing þat gart [Göt: gert; Trin-C: made] him doute.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7207 : Yitt his wijf wald noght fin..Til sco þe soth had gert [Trin-C: made] him sai.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)86 : The adubbemente of þo downez dere Garten my goste al greffe forȝete.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)331 : What seruez tresor, bot garez men grete?
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Rv.(Cmb Dd.4.24)A.4132 : I pray the, Host dere, Gar vs haue mete and drynk..And we sal paie trewely at the fulle.
- a1425(?a1400) Penny (Glb E.9)14 : Sir Peny..gers [vr. garreth] þam oft do doun þaire hode.
- a1425 Ordin.Nuns(1) (Lnsd 378)141/20 : Þe priores sall garre hir rise.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)120b/b : [Tinea] bigynneþ..with mordicacioun & ycchyng þat garrez hem clowe or cracche.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)84/35 : Þat may gar hyme turne agayne.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)399 : He wold be his messynger And gare hym hafe an ansuere.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)13/8 : Alexander wirchipfully gert hym be entered [i.e. buried].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)179/41 : I schall assay And garre hym to sum synne assente.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)197 : Iff he might..Gar Jason with any gyn the iorney vndertake.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2928 : Soche stirrynges ger stumble, þat stidfast wold be.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)176 : He se neuyr no syȝte are So sore gerutte him to drede.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6172 : How þat kyng William Þe saynt gert wende fra durham.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)1.1 : He that gas on qwik grauel, that gers him synk that standis thar on.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)22.7 : Gerand me forgete all vayn delites.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)105/24 : Þe Enchantere..gaf him mete & drynke, and after he gart hym styrt vp and ryde.
c
- ?a1300 Sirith (Dgb 86)281 : Þis mustart shal ben þi mete, And gar þin eien to rene.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12945 : If þou be godd sun, bidd son And gar [Göt: gere; Frf: make] þi comament be don.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)1.121 : Til god..garte þe heuene to stekye and stonden in quiete.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)23.57 : He cutte away treuthe, And gert [vr. garte] gyle growe þer.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)188 : Forþi he dose his might & mayn to ger þat bargan blin.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)5095 : Thorow-out his Armure gert he it [spear] flye.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)832 : Þe Rede Knyghte..Was wonnt in þose armes to bene, To gerre þe stede rynne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)274 : No rayn on erth then fell to gayr the gresse vp ryse.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)6360 : The trew lufe be twen þem two myȝt no bale gare abate.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.15 : Gar hit on hepe to renne.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)92 : Many a crowne y schall gare crake.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)137/650 : All the wod on a leuyn me thoght that he gard Appere.
4.
To treat (sb. in a certain manner).
Associated quotations
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)544 : Þai aw..euer to be bowsum..And who so wil not for grete harte, With greuauns aw to be gart.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)138 : Sunne, and mone, and ilc sterre bright..He settes in ðe firmament..Ðe seuene he bad on fligte faren, And toknes ben and times garen.
Note: We don't have this sense--per MJW
Note: Ed. gl.: 'show' show the time.
Note: Quot. already under 2.(b) 'to cause (sth.), bring about, produce; do (sth.)'--JL