Middle English Dictionary Entry
for-whī pronominal adv. & conj.
Entry Info
Forms | for-whī pronominal adv. & conj. Also for whi, forwy, forqui. |
Etymology | OE for-hwī. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) In a question: for what reason, for what cause, why; (b) as noun: the reason why.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12690 : Forrwhi wass þatt tatt Sannt Johan Amang þe leode seȝȝde Off Crist, tatt he ne cneow [etc.].
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)153 : Ach for-hwi nemneð ure drihten þis fa to neddre?
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)7 : Forwi? For þat he deleð þe sowle and þe lichame.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)567 : Vre louerd hire gon axi, 'for hwi and for hwan Wepestu?'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11157 : Ioseph, dauid sun, for qui [Trin-C: for whi] Will þou leue þi spuse mari?
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2063 : For why or wherfore shulde ye Ostages or borwis aske of me?
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.8.7 : Forwhy? Yif thou enforcest the to assemble moneye, thow must byreven hym his moneye that hath it.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.188 : For whi [L cur enim] forleten thei vertus and folwen vices?
b
- a1500(1413) ?Hoccl.Poems PS (Eg 615)p.xxiii/11 : It is me don to knowe & vnderstonde Þat..malady..the oppressith, nought knowyng the forwhi.
2.
In (a) an object clause or (b) a subject clause: for what reason, why.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Ic haue geseond æfter þe for mine saule þurfe, & ic hit wile þe wæl secgon for hwi.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2421 : Nu wile I shæwenn ȝuw forrwhi Ȝho ȝaff swillc sware onnȝæness.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)81 : Me ah to understonden for-whi hit seið alf quic and noht alf ded.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)507 : Schaw..for hwi ha beon wurðe for to beon iwurðget.
- c1390 In a Chirche (Vrn)15 : Tel me..What hit meneþ and for-whi ȝe singe Deo Gracias.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1009 : Noot I for-why ne how That jalousie..Thus causeles is cropen into yow.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)137/126 : I say ȝou, seris, fore-wy.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4325 : I sall quethe þe forqui & quat is þe cause.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9729 : Ȝet wass oþerrwhatt forrwhi Þeȝȝ wærenn Drihhtin laþe.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)79/37 : Þat is þe riȝt fairenesse, for-whi þe soule likeþ God and his aungeles, þat seeþ þe herte.
3.
In a relative clause: on account of which.
Associated quotations
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)86/180 : I ne finde noȝt atte frume Þat þing for whi ihc am hider icume.
4.
In a clause which explains, amplifies, cites an example, quotes an authority, etc.: inasmuch as, since, for.
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 12.3 : Forwhi [L quoniam] tho thingis that ȝe han seyd in derknessis schulen be seid in liȝt.
- c1390 Mirror St.Edm.(3) (Vrn)242 : Þou hast of hem [parents] neiþer bodi ne soule, but of god þorw hem; for whi, what were þou & þou heddest dwelled in þat þat þou hast of hem?
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)95 : The freris ben..menquelleris of pore men, bothe in bodies and soulis. This sentence is opin of itsilf to ech reesonable man, Forwhi feynid equite is double wickidnesse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1238 : That ye to hym of hard now ben ywonne Oughte he be glad..Forwhi men seith, 'impressiounes lighte Ful lightly ben ay redy to the flighte.'
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.3.5 : For whi [L enim; WB(1): forsothe] God woot that in what euere dai ȝe schulen ete therof, ȝoure iȝen schulen be opened.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)733 : And swa wald God at it suld be, Forwhi he sayd þus til Noe: Non permanebit [etc.].
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1249 : Þe world may..Be lykend..To a feld ful of batailles..Forwhy here we er on many wyse Alle umset with sere enmys.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)27 : Thow hast founden special grace of god and rekeuered to al mankynde, for why loo thow schalt conceyue and bere a childe.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)395 : He lesiþ..in a foul maner his tyme, fforwhi boþe preier and preising..is so profitable and so preciose a þing.
- a1475 Ihu that alle this (Hnt HM 142)133/8 : So kynde a frende schal I noon fynde, ffor-why þi blode þow sched for me.
5.
In a clause giving the reason or cause: for the reason that, because.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)454 : Merci is al fro ȝou gon, For whij on me hadde ȝe non.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)41/1164 : A prest mot do þys sacrement, For-why hyȝt hys wel werþe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3500 : Þe fader luued esau for fode, Forqui [Göt: forþi; Trin-C: for] þat he was archer gode.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)214/11 : Formicam þou schalt brenne, fforwhi [L nam] a cauterie drawiþ out al þe matere þat is corrupt.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)127/19 : And forwhy that arystotille ne myght not..leue the scoolis, he wrote to Alexander.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)153/3 : The shappe is suche, forwhy thow woldyst not abyde the tyme of chylde-berrynge.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.714 : Certeinly namore harde grace May sitte on me, forwhy ther is no space.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Nah.1.15 : Halewe thou thi feeste daies, and ȝelde thi vowis, for whi [L quia; WB(1): for] Belial schal no more put to, that he passe forth in thee.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)15/14 : I will on na wyse telle it to the, For whi goddez of þe este partiez of þe werlde sall telle the.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)3 : Knowing is firste afore alle þingis to be souȝte after and to be geten, fforwhi it is þe foundement of oure good loving.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4927 : Þe scottis..þaim redyd..him to persu, he had forwhy Few folk with him þat tyde.
6.
In a clause of result, consequence, or inference (often loosely joined to a preceding statement): for which reason, wherefore; therefore.
Associated quotations
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)30/309 : I stude of mon of lam [ha] token liues lauerd, þe king of hehe blisse; for hwi he menskeð ham.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.12 : Me nedeth here noon other art to use; Forwhi to every lovere I me excuse, That of no sentement I this endite.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.281 : Hym willynge þat alle men wende he were þat he is nouȝte; Forwhy he bosteth and braggeth.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.108r : The enmys were lasked by werre in Fraunce, and for whi they were the slowgher to assoyle Englysshmen.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)711 : Þe way of lif..Þai sal find both hard & straite. For whi al þat wil com þertill Mai not wirk with þer awin will.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)59 : The doublet is maad with poynynges, For whi it is cleped a purpoynt.
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)184 : Thee syke man marveylede..What maner women they myghtte bee..ffor why to hem thus seyde hee.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)5054 : They know the well, I wott, for why The thare not be adrede!
7.
In a clause of purpose: in order that, so that.
Associated quotations
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)33 : A turnement were best to bede, Forwhy that Auntre shall bygynne And by spoke of on euery syde.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2617 : In hyr hand A braunche newe, Forwhy that no man sholde her lette.
8.
~ and, ~ that, on condition that, provided that, if.
Associated quotations
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)624 : I grante wel þat it so be, For whi þat he wille dwelle wiþ me.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2563 : So coveitous noman ther is, Forwhy and he mi ladi sihe, That he..Ne scholde have such a strok.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)1369 : In alle this werlde es none so free; For whi þat þow wolde cristenede be And sythene of herte be trewe!
- a1500 Octav.(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)617 : For-why þat þou wilt greue þe noght, Fulle ryche schalle be thy mede.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)389 : Thou shalt haue yiftis good, For-why þat thou wilte dwelle with me.