Middle English Dictionary Entry

forbẹ̄den v.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. beden & bidden.
1a.
To prohibit (an action, a practice, a sin), to forbid (someone to do something);--usually with personal indirect object: (a) with that clause, usually neg. & subjunctive, as direct object; (b) with infin. as direct object; (c) with noun, pron., or ger. as direct object.
1b.
Participles used attributively: (a) forbeding, that prohibits, prohibitory; (b) forboden, not permitted, prohibited; ~ day, a day on which courts of law must be closed; ~ lau, a law which prohibits; ~ night, the evening of a fast-day.
1c.
(a) To stop or restrain (someone); to control (someone) [quot. Lay.Brut]; (b) ~ (the tongue, the foot) from, to draw back or withhold from (evil-doing).
2.
(a) To deny or refuse (something to someone); to make (something) taboo or prohibited; (b) to close or bar (something against someone), to block (a passage, etc., to someone), to defend (a country against an invader); (c) to exclude (someone from a place), deny entrance to (someone).
3.
To announce (a prohibition), to make or proclaim (a prohibitory law).
4.
(a) To deny or contradict (something), to oppose (a law, a plan, etc.); (b) to abandon (a custom), forgo or postpone (a festival); (c) to reject (something).
5.
Med. and surg.: (a) To stop or hinder (a bodily function); to prevent or alleviate (disease, injury, pain); forbeding medicines, preventive medicines; (b) to make (an operation, a treatment) impossible or undesirable.
6.
In exclamations: (a) with that clause: God (Christ) ~, as God ~, etc.; (b) with but plus indep. clause; (c) with pronoun objects or absol.: Christ (God) it ~, Christ (Lord) it me ~, drighten (God) ~, as Christ me (the) ~, God (Lord) ~ it elles, als (as, elles, that, which) God ~, etc.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1350 Middelerd for mon (Hrl 2253)26 : Vr soule bone so broerli [?read: broþerli] be as berne best þat bale forbeode.
  • Note: New sense: prevent (evil)

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Clarke Crafte Lymmyng (Sln 73) 203/17 : I forbede þee þat þe jordan be not lenger on þe fier þan þe leyt bigynneþ to wexe rede, for if it be, it is lost al togidere.
  • Note: Glossary: "forbede v. 1. sg. pr. 'advise (against)'."
    Note: ?New sense. Cf. OED forbid, v., sense 2. c. 'with weakened sense: To argue or give one's opinion against.'

Supplemental Materials (draft)

Note: Med., etc. (sense 5.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. forbidding medicine.