Standard atlas of St. Clair County, Michigan : including a plat book of the villages, cities and townships of the county...farmers directory, reference business directory and departments devoted to general information / compiled and published by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

SUPPLEMENT XV.
'ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.

1778 Pondicherry captured by the British.
1780 Arcot taken by H-lyder Ali.
Hastings defeats Hyder Ali's invasion of
Carnatic.
1781 Defeat of the triple alliance of the
Nizam, the Mahrattas and Hyder Ali.
Battle of Novo Porto, July 1.
Treaty of Chunar, between Hastings and
the Subadhar of Oudh.
1782 Tippoo Saib, son of Haydes Ali, secures
the assistance of the French against
the English.
Trincomlee lost by the British.
Hyder Ali succeeded by Tippoo Saib.
1783 French troops under Bussy arrive.
Tippoo Saib captures Bedmore.
1784 Treaty of peace concluded with Tippoo
Saib.
Pitt's India bill passes Parliament.
1785 Return of Warren Hastings to England.
Succeeded by Sir John Macpherson.
1786 Lord Cornwallis appointed Governor General of India.
Reform of the Company's Civil Service.
1788 Declaratory Act passes parliament.
Trial of Warren Hastings begins in Westminster Hall; Burke opens. Feb. 15-19:
Sheridan presents charges in relation
to the Begums, June 3-13.
1789 Tippoo Saib attacks Travancore, Dec. 24,
and is defeated.
1790 Travancore captured and plundered by
Tippoo Saib.
Treaty with Mahrattas concluded.
1791 Lord Cornwallis takes Bengalore.
Tippoo routed at the battle of Arikera,
May 14; Hastings begins his admirable
defense.
1792 Peace concluded with Tippoo Saib.
1793 Renewal of charter of East India Company for twenty years.
Pondicherry taken by the British.
1795 Warren Hastings acquitted.
1798 Marquis of Wellesley appointed Governor
General.
1799 British take Seringapatam.
Tippoo Saib killed, May 4.
Restoration of the Mysore to the rightful Hindoo sovereign.
Rajah of Tangore surrenders his power
to English.
1800 Surrender of Surat to the British.
Nizam cedes Mysore to British.
1802 Pondicherry given to France at the
treaty of;lAmiens.
The British receive further concessions.
Treaty of Bassein, between the East India Company and the Peishwa, breaks
up the Mahratta confederacy.
1803 The third Mahratta war; the British,
under General Lake, defeat French and
Mahrattas at the battle of Delhi, Sept.
11.
Battle of Assaye; Marquis of Wellesley,
with 4,500 men, defeats 50,000 natives,
Sept. 23.
General Lake takes Agra, Oct. 17.
Treaty of peace with Scindia, Dec. 30.
1804 Holkar lays siege to Delhi.
Gen. Frazer defeats Holkar at battle of
Deeg, Nov. 13.
1805 Treaty of peace with Holkar, who cedes
Bundelcund, and other territory.
1806 Mutiny among Sepoys.
1807 Lord Minto, Governor General.
1808 War with Travancore.
1809 Travancore subdued; mutiny at Seringapatam.
1813 Ecclesiastical establishment formed.
India trade thrown open to any British
subject.
1814 Marquis of Hastings, Governor General.
1817 Mahratta confederacy dissolved.
Ahmednuggur ceded to English.
Defeat of Holkar at Mehudpore.
Pindarrie war. 1,1818 End of Pindarrie war; peace with Holkar.
The Peishwa surrenders and cedes the
Deccan.
1818 Oudh becomes independent.
1823 Lord Amherst, Governor General.
1824 Burmese war begins; British take Rangoon, May 5.
1825 British carture Assam, Feb. 1.
Burmese defeated at the battle of Prome.
1826 Battle of Pagham Mew ends Burmese
war.
Peace declared Feb. 24; Burmah pays
$1,000,000 and cedes large territory.
English take Bhurtpore.
1828 Lord Bentinck, Governor General.
1833 The northwest provinces made a separate
administration.
1835 Steam communication introduced into
India.
1838 Slavery abolished in the East.
1838 Afghan war declared; Cabul captured
by the British, Aug. 7.
1842 Lord Ellenborough Governor-General.
1843 Ameers of Scind defeated by Sir
Charles Napier, Feb. 17.

1844 Lord Hardinge Governor-General.
1845 Danish possessions in India purchased
by England.
England at war with Sikhs; battle of
Moodkee, Sept. 6.
1846 British victory over Sikhs at Sobraon,
February.
Treaty of Lasore.
1848 Lord Dalhousie Governor-General.
Second Sikh war begun; Ramnuggur
taken by General Gough; again defeated at Vyseerabad.
1849 The Sikh War ended with battle of Goojerat, Feb. 21.
Sir Charles Napier becomes Commanderin-chief.
Annexation of the Rajah to British dominions.
1850 Mutiny of native infantry in Bengal.
1851 Beginning of the Second Burmese war.
1852 Pegu annexed to British Empire.
1853 Close of the Second Burmese war.
Burmah deprived of its seaboard provinces.
First Indian railway and telegraph
opened, Bombay to Tannah.
Renewal, for the last time, of East India
Company's charter.
Bengal put under a Lieutenant-Governor.
Indian Civil Service thrown open to competition.
1854 Ganges Canal opened.
1855 Calcutta Railway opened.
Annexation of Oudh.
1856 Lord Canning appointed Governor-General.
1857 Mutiny among native regiments at Barrackpore, Burhampore and Lucknow,
May 6; The great Sepoy rebellion commenced at Meerut, May 10; Delhi
seized by 40,000 rebels and the King
proclaimed Emperor; mutinies at
Cawnpore and Allahabad.
Cawnpore surrendered by the British to
Nana Sahib, June 25.
Siege of Lucknow, begins July 1; General Havelock enters Cawnpore, July
17; victory over Nana Sahib, at Bitboor, July 19.
Capture of Delhi from the rebels, Sept.
20; Lucknow relieved by Havelock,
Sept. 25.
Rebels routed at Battle of Cawnpore,
Dec. 6.
1858 Battle of Futteghur, Jan. 2. Sir Colin
Campbell captures Lucknow, March 21;
Rebels defeated at Kotara, July 14; at
other points subdues the rebels.
An Act for the better Government of
India received royal assent Aug. 2.
Government takes control of India from
the East India Company, Sept. 1.
Lord Canning made first Viceroy of India.
1859 Thanksgiving day in India for peace restored.
The Punjaub is made a presidency.
Pacification of Oude announced, Jan. 25.
1862 Lord Elgin appointed Viceroy of India.
1863 Death of Lord Elgin.
Sir 'John Lawrence made Viceroy.

1866 Bengal visited by a severe famine.
1868 Earl of Mayo becomes Viceroy of India.
1870 Railway between Calcutta and Bombay
opened.
1872 Assassination of Lord Mayo, Feb. 8.
Lord Northbrook becomes Viceroy.
1874 Terrible famine throughout Bengal.
1875 Tour of the Prince of Wales through
India, arrives at Bombay, Nov. 8.
1876 Prince of Wales sails for home, March 13.
Lord Lytton appointed Governor General.
A terrible cyclone causes loss of 220,000
lives.
Queen Victoria proclaimed, in London,
Empress of India, May 1.
Great famine in India, continuing nearly
a year.
1877 Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of
India, at Delhi, and other great cities,
Jan. 1.
1879 Massacres at Cabul.
1880 Marquis of Ripon made Governor-General
of India.
1882 Riot between Hindoos and Mohammedans in the presidency of Madras.
1883 International exhibition at Calcutta
opened, Dec. 4.
Death of Maj. Gen. Francis Mardall.
1884 Death of Keshut Chunder Sen, head of
the reformed theistic sect of Hindoos,
Jan. 8.
Formal installation of Mir Mahbub All,
Nizam of Hyderabad, by Lord Ripon.
The Calcutta exhibition closed March 10.
Terrible epidemic of small pox, at
Madras, March 30.
The Ilbert bill passes the legislative
council, Calcutta, Jan. 25.
Earl of Dufferin nominated to the Viceroyalty of India, Sept. 10.
Lord Reay appointed governor of Bombay, Dec. 13.
1885 Indian Parcel Post inaugurated July 7.
Burmese expedition, from Calcutta, for
Rangoon, Nov. 1.
Hostilities against Burmese begun by
Lieut. Gen. Prendergast, Nov. 16.
King of Burmah unconditionally surrenders, Nov. 30.
India gives prompt aid to England during Afgnan war.
India tenders assistance to England during Russian controversy.
1888 Marquis of Lansdowne appointed Governor-General, Dec. 11.
1891 Massacre of native troops and English
officers at Manifur, March 27.
Defeat of the Manifurans by the English, May 5.
1893 Mints closed as to free silver by order of
the Indian Council.
RUSSIA.
1768 War declared against Russia by Turkey.
1769-'84 Conquest of the Crimea.
1772 Catherine I. commences the dismemberment of Poland.
1774 Rebellion of the Cossacks.
1775 Cossacks' rebellion suppressed.
1778 Prince Potemkin becomes prime minister.
1780 Army neutrality.
Russia, Sweden and Denmark declare
that "free ships make free goods."
1784 Acquisition of the Crimea.
1787 War with Turkey renewed.
1788 War with Sweden.
Treaty of Warelow.
1793 Second partition of Poland.
Alliance with England.
1795 Final partition of Poland, between Russia, Prussia and Austria.
The partition of Poland completed.
1796 Death of Catherine the Great.
War with Persia.
1798 Russia joins the alliance of England and
Austria against France.
1799 Suwarrow assists Austrians and checks
the French in Italy.
Russia forms an alliance with France.
1800 Insanity of the Emperor Paul.
1801 He is assassinated.
Alexander I. becomes emperor; he makes
peace with England.
1805 Russia joins the coalition against France,
April.
Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats
the allies, Dec. 2.
1807 Treaty of Tilsit; peace with France.
1809 The Turks defeat the Russians near
Silistria.

1812 War with France.
Napoleon invades Russia.
Battle of Smolensko, Aug. 17; Russians
defeated.
Battle of the Borodino, Sept. 7; Russians
defeated.
Burning of Moscow by the Russians,
Sept. 14.
Retreat of the French.
1813 Battle of Leipzig, and defeat of Napoleon.
1814 Downfall of Napoleon.
The Emperor Alexander enters Paris,
with the allies, in triumph.
1815 The Emperor Alexander organizes the
"Holy Alliance," between Russia, Austria and Prussia.
Alexandria proclaimed King of Poland.
1822 The Grand Duke Constantine renounces
his right to the throne.
1825 Death of the Emperor Alexander.
Insurrection of troops at Moscow.
1826 The Emperor Nicholas crowned at Moscow.
War with Persia.
1827 The Emperor Nicholas visits England.
1828 Peace with Persia.
War with Turkey, Russians generally
victorious, begins April 26.
1829 Peace of Adrianople with Turkey.
1830 Polish war of independence begins.
1831 Warsaw taken by the Russians, and the
insurrection crushed, Sept., Oct.
1832 The emperor' decrees that Poland shall
henceforth form an integral part of the
Russian Empire.
1840 Failure of the Khivan Expedition.
Treaty of London signed by Russia.
1841 War with Circassians.
1848 Russia aids Austria in suppressing the
Hungarian Revolution.
1849 Russia demands that Polish and Hungarian exiles be expelled from Turkey.
1850 Conspiracy against the life of the emperor detected.
Harbor of Sebastopol completed.
Exiles sent to Kouish, Asia Minor.
1852 Visit of the emperor to Vienna.
1853 Commencement of the quarrel with Turkey about the "Holy Places."
Army sent to Turkish frontier.
Conference of the great powers.
War declared by Turkey, Oct. 5.
English and French fleets enter the Bosphorus, Nov. 2.
1854 Allies enter the Black Sea.,
Battle of Citate, Jan. 6; Russians defeated.
Ultimatum of France and England unanswered by Russia.
Treaty between England, France and
Turkey, March 12.
Bombardment of Odessa, April 22.
Siege of Silistria, May 17.
Siege of Silistria raised, June 26.
Capture of Bomarsund, Aug. 16.
Russia evacuates the principalities.
Battle of the Alma, Sept. 20; victory of
the allies.
Siege of Sebastopol begins, Oct, 17.

1854 Battle of Balaklava, Oct. 25.
Battle of Inkermann, Nov. 5.
Death of the Emperor Nicholas, March 2.
Alexander II. Emperor.
1855 Sortie of Malakoff tower, March 22.
Russians evacuate Anapa, June 5.
Kars invested, July 15.
Capture of Malakoff tower by the French,
Sept. 8.
Death of Lord Raglan.
The Russians evacuate Sebastopol and
retire to their works on the north side
of the harbor; destruction of the Russian fleet, Sept.
Russian assault on Kars fails.
Battle of the Ingour; defeat of Russians
by Turks, Nov. 6.
Kars surrendered to Russians, Nov. 26.
1856 Council of war at Paris, Jan. 11.
Amnesty granted to Poles, May 27; to
political offenders, Sept. 7.
Suspension of hostilities in the Crimea,
Feb. 29.
Treaty of peace at Paris, March 30.
Close of the war.
Crimea evacuated July 9.
Alexander II. crowned at Moscow,
Sept. 2.
1858 Partial emancipation of the serfs on the
imperial domains.
1857 Meeting of the Emperors at Stuttgardt
and Weimar.
1859 Russia censures the warlike movements
of the Germanic Confederation during
the Franco-Italian war.
Treaty with Great Britain.
1860 Commercial treaty with China.
1861 Insurrection in Poland begins.
The Emperor issues a decree providing
for the total emancipation of the serfs
throughout the empire in two years;
23,000,000 serfs freed.
Students' riots throughout the empire.
1862 The insurrection in Poland becomes general; it is quelled with great severity.
Trial by jury granted.
Increased privileges granted to the Jews.
Serfdom in the empire ended.
War with Asiatic nations.
1864 The war in the Caucasus ended.
1865 Death of the Czarowitch Nicholas, at
Nice, April 24.
New province of Turkestan in Central
Asia created.
1866 Attempt by Karakosoff to assassinate the
Czar, Sept. 15.
Diplomatic quarrel with Rome.
Marriage of Prince Alexander.
1867 Russian, America, Alaska, sold to the
United States for $7,000,000.
Attempted Assassination of the Czar, in
Paris, by a Pole.
1868 Amnesty granted for political offenses.
Poland disappears from map of empire.
1869 Socialistic conspiracies among Prussian
students.
1870 Neutrality in Franco-Prussian war declared.
Gorts chakoff repudiates treaty of 1856,
as regards the Black Sea.
1871 Conference of the powers, at London,
abrogates the Black Sea clauses.
Many socialists imprisoned throughout
the empire.
1873 Expedition'against Khiva, which surrenders June 10.
Visit of the Emperor of Germany to Russia.
Visit of the Shah of Persia.
New treaty with the Khan of Bokhara.
1874 Marriage of the Emperor's daughter to
the Duke of Edinburgh.
Visit of the Emperor to Germany and
England.
1875 The island of Saghalien ceded to Russia
by Japan.
Japan cedes the Kurile Isles to Russia.
War with Kholand.
Baltic provinces incorporated into the
empire.
1876 Russia encourages the insurgents in the
Turkish provinces of Servia and Bulgaria.
Capture of Khokan.
Conquest of Khiva completed.
1877 Russia declares war against Turkey,
April 24.
Melikoff enters Armenia and seizes Bayazid, April 30.
Russians defeated at Batoum, May 4.
Melikoff storms Ardaban, May 17.
Investment of Kars, June 3.
Passage of the Danube by the Grand
Duke Nicholas, June 22-27.
Capture of Tirnova, July 8.
Plevna occupied, July 6; retaken by
Turks, July 30; great defeat of Russians by Mukhtar Pasha.
1877 The capture of Nicopolis by the Russians,
July 15.
The Russians occupy the Shipka Pass,
S July 19.
Severe fighting in the Shipka Pass, July

19, Dec. 31.
Russian attack on Plevna partly successful Sept. 7-11.
Great Russian victory at Aladja Dagh.
Capture of Kars by the Russians, with
great slaughter, Nov. 18.
Capture of Etropol by the Russians.
Capture of Plevna and Osman Pasha's
army, by the Russians, Dec. 10.
Emperor returns to St. Petersburg, Dec.
22.
Erzeroum invested, Dec. 24.
Gen. Gourko crosses the Balkans, Dec.
31.
1878 Russians occupy Sofia, Jan. 4.
Servians defeated, Jan. 7.
Capture of the Shipka Pass, by the Russians, Jan. 8, 9.
Batoum attacked without success by the
Russians.
Russians occupy Philippolis, Jan. 16.
Russian occupation of Adrianople, Jan.
20.
British fleet enters the Dardanelles, Jan.
25.
Erzeroum evacuated by the Turks, Feb.
21.
Treaty of peace signed at San Stefano.
Skobeleff and Radetzky capture Turkish
army in Asia Minor.
Conference of powers at Berlin, June 13.
Treaty of Berlin signed, July 13.
1879 Final treaty with Turkey, signed Feb. 8.
Solovieff attempts to assassinate the
Czar, April 14.
Nihilists at Kieff and Odessa convicted.
Attempt on the Czar's life by mining
railway, Dec. 1.
Discovery of plot to blow up the Winter
Palace, Dec. 12.
1S80 Explosion under diningroom of Winter
Palace.
Several soldiers killed and wounded,
Feb. 17.
Arrest of Hartmann, at Paris, Feb. 20.
Gen. Melikoff made virtual dictator, Feb.
24.
France refuses extradition of Hartmann.
Nihilists convicted at St. Petersburgh
and Kieff.
1881 Assassination of Alexander II., by bombs
thrown at his carriage, March 13; one
assassin killed by explosion, another
seized.
Accession of Alexander II., who was not
crowned until 1882, on account of fear
of assassination.
Trial of Nihilists, April 8.
Russakoff, Sophie Pieoffsky, Jelaboff and
others, condemned to death.
Treaty of peace with China.
Resignation of Gen. Melikoff, May 13.
Manifesto of Gen. Ignatieff, May 23.
Counter manifesto of Nihilists.
New Nihilist plot discovered, November.
1882 Retirement of Prince Gortschakoff.
Anti-Jewish riots.
Pan-Slavist speech of Gen. Skobeleff, at
Paris.
Death of Gen. Skobeleff, July 6.

1883 Accident to the Czar while hunting, Dec.
10.
Col. Souderkin, chief of Police, assassinated by Nihilists, Dec. 28.
Coronation of Alexander III., Czar of all
the Russias, Aug. 27.
1884 Anti-Jewish riot, resulting in the death
of many persons, June 19.
Great fire in Moscow, Oct. 29.
Marriage of Duke Sergius to Princess
Elizabeth of Hesse, June 15.
1885 Attack of the Russians, under Gen.
Komaroff, on Afghan positions near
Murghat.
1893 Jews expelled from the Asiatic provinces.
Prince Korsakoff, an eminent statesman,
died, April 28.
1894 Alexander III., Czar of all Russia, died
and was succeeded by Nicholas II.
1895 Russia assists China in procuring money
to pay war indemnity to Japan and secures considerable advantages on the
Pacific coast.
TURKEY.
1770 Rebellion of Ali Bey suppressed, in
Egypt.
1774 Abdul Hamid becomes Sultan.
1784 Crimea ceded to Russia.
1787 War with Russia and Austria; defeat of
the Turks.
1788 Selim III., Sultan of Turkey.
1798 The French, under Napoleon, invade
Egypt.
1799 Battle of Aboukir; French victorious.
1801 The English aid the Turks; Napoleon
forced to retreat.
1803 Insurrection of Mamelukes at Cairo.
1806 Mehemet Ali becomes Pasha in Egypt.
1807 War with England and Russia.
British fleet passes the Dardanelles.
Mustapha IV., Sultan.
1808 Mahmoud II., Sultan.
1811 Massacre of Mamelukes; Mehemet becomes supreme.
1812 Treaty of Bucharest; Pruth made frontier of Turkey and Russia.
1815 Discoveries of Belzonia, in Egypt.
1821 Insurrection in Moldavia and Wallachia;
independence of Greece secured.
1824 Turks defeated at Mitylene.
1827 Battle of Navarino; Turkish fleet destroyed.
1828 War with Russia; surrender at Anapa,
June 23.
Bajazet taken, Sept. 9.
Varna occupied by Russians, Oct. 11.
1829 Battle of Shumla.
Russians take Erzeroum and enter Adrianople; treaty of peace, Sept. 14.
1831 Revolt of Mehemet Ali.
Battle of Konieh; Egyptians defeat
Turks.
Egypt invades Syria.
1832 Battle of Konieh; disastrous defeat of
Turks.
1833 Russians enter Constantinople; offensive
and defensive treaty with Russia.
Treaty of Kutayah.
Rebellion in Egypt suppressed.
1839 Abdul Medjid becomes Sultan.
A second revolt of Mehemet Ali.
Battle of Nezib; Ibrahim Mehemet, All's
son, defeats the Turks.
1840 England, Russia, Austria, and Pruss-a
aid Turkey.
Battle of Beyrout; Egyptians defeated.
1841 Treaty with Egypt.
Mehemet Ali made Viceroy, but deprived
of Syria.
1847 New system of education introduced.
1849 Turkey refuses to surrender Polish refugees; refusal sustained by England.
1851 Rebellion of Croatia.
1852 Treaty with France regarding the "Holy
Places."
1853 A large Russian army crosses the Pruth.
Turkey declares war; approved by the
great powers, England, France, Austria and Prussia.
1854 Crimean war; allied fleets enter the
Black Sea, Jan. 4.
Russia refuses intervention, March 19.
Treaty with England and France.
The allied powers guarantee Turkish integrity.
Allied fleets bombard Odessa, and block

ade the Danube.
Allies overcome Russians at Giurgero.
Turks defeated at Bayazid; see Russia.
1855 Battle at Kars, Russians defeated; Turks,
under Omar Pasha, win a great victory
at the Ingour, Nov. 6; allies take Kars,
Nov. 26.
1856 Suspension of hostilities, awaiting negotiations for peace, Feb. 29.
Treaty of peace signed, at Paris, April
29.
The Crimea evacuated, July 9.
Independence of Turkey guaranteed.
1858 Conflict with Montenegrins.
Christians massacred at Jedda.
Montenegrin boundaries determined.
Suez Canal begun by De Lesseps.
1859 Great fire at Constantinople.
Conspiracy against the Sultan.
1860 Druse and Maronite War.
Massacre of Christians at Damascus.
Convention of Great Powers.
1861 Abdul-Aziz Sultan.
Insurrection in Herzegovina and Montenegro.
1862 Qmar Pasha invades Montenegro.
Servians demand their independence.
1863 Death of Said Pasha; Ismail Pasha becomes Viceroy of Egypt.
1864 Arabian rebellion suppressed by Egypt.
1865 Suez Canal opened in part.
1866 Revolt in Candia.
Cretan Greeks revolt against the Turks.
1867 The Khedive of Egypt, Viceroy, visits
France and England.
1869 Suez Canal inaugurated.
1870 Sir Samuel Baker sent to suppress slave
trade.
1872. Baker returns, after considerable success.
1873 By the Sultan's firman the Khedive of
Egypt becomes independent in most
points.
1874 Circular letter to the Powers, protesting
against treaties with Turkish tributaries.
1875 Insurrection in Herzegovina and Bosnia.
Bosnians victorious at the battle of
Gatschko.
Unsuccessful Abyssinian expedition.
British government purchases Suez
Canal stock.
1876 War with Abyssinia; the Egyptian debt
consolidated.
Battle of Trebinge, indecisive.
Germany, Austria and Russia demand
reform in Turkish tributaries.
Bulgaria revolts against Turkish rule.
Suicide or murder of Sultan Abdul-Aziz.
Montenegro and Servia declare war
against Turkey.
Murad V., Sultan, May 30th; accession
of -Abdul-Hamid IIL
Defeat of the Servians at Alexinatz.
Conference of Great Powers about Turkish affairs.
1877 Treaty of peace with Abyssinia. made by
'Col. Gordon.
Turkey rejects proposals of the Great
Powers.
Midhat Pasha banished.
War with Russia declared.
Hostilities with Montenegro.
Russians cross the Danube, June 23;
Nicopolis surrendered to Russia; slight

Turkish success in Armenia; Plevna
abandoned, July 6; recaptured, July
28; terrific battles in the Shipka Pass,
August 21-28; Russians repulsed at
Plevna, Sept. 7-11; immense losses en
both sides; relief of Plevna, Sept. 22,
by Chefket Pasha; retreat of Turks,
Sept. 24; removal of Mehemet Ali as
Commander-in-chief; Suleiman Pasha
appointed; Mukhtar Pasha gains Turkish victories in Armenia; total defeat
of Mukhtar Pasha at battle of AladjaDagh, Oct. 15; Russians take Kars by
storm, Nov. 18; surrender of Plevna,
Dec. 10.
1878 Erzeroum evacuated, Sept. 17; complete
defeat of Turkey; preliminary treaty
of peace signed, March 3.
Conference by the Powers at Berlin, to
settle Turkish question.
Treaty of Berlin ratified, Aug. 3.
Great Britain, July 3, secures Cyprus.
1879 Final treaty with Russia signed, Feb. 8.
Russians evacuate Turkey.
England demands reforms in Turkey.
Nubar Pasha resigns.
The Khedive deposed by the Sultan,
June 26. -
His son Tewfik succeeds him.
1880 The Powers protest regarding delay in
executing provisions of Berlin treaty.
Great naval demonstration.
Cession of Dulcigno, Nov. 26.
1881 Conference of the Powers at Constantinople.
Midhat Pasha, and others, tried for murder of Abdul-Aziz; and condemned to
death; their sentence commuted to
exile.
Decree of abolition of slavery In Egypt.
1882 The Porte declines to enter conference of
Powers regarding Egypt, but subsequently yields.
Remonstrates with England for intended
bombardment of Alexandria.
Dervish -Pasha sent as envoy to Egypt.
Turkey declines to send troops to Egypt,
but, after the bombardment, consents.
Arabi Pasha sentenced to banishment to
Ceylon for life, Dec. 3.
Prayers offered in Mosques of Cairo for
the Queen of England as the "Mirror
of Justice," Dec. 13.
Arabi Pasha, Egyptian Minister of War,
heads opposition to the Khedive.
Alleged conspiracy against Arabi Pasha,
Minister of War, leads to international
complications.
English and French fleets appear at
Alexandria, May.
On June 11, a riot breaks out in Alexandria, the natives killing 340 Europeans.
The Powers called upon to aid the
Khedive.
Arabi erects fortifications, and threatens
to blow up the Suez Canal.
Admiral Seymour takes command of
l English forces, and orders Arabi to
cease fortifying; he refuses.
Bombardment of Alexandrian forts, July
12; they are destroyed by the English
fleets.
Arabi Pasha retreats into the country
under cover of a flag of truce.
The Khedive declares- him a rebel.
Gen. Sir Garnet Wolsley arrives at Alexandria, Aug. 15, with English troops.
Ramleh fortified.
Skirmish between Egyptians and the
English.
The joint fleet sails to Aboukir under
sealed orders; then proceeds to Port
Said; reached Ismailia.
The English occupy the Suez Canal.
Arabs attack the British at Kassassin,
and are repulsed with heavy loss.
Battle of Tel-el-Kebir in which thewhole Egyptian army is routed, Sept.
13.
Zagazig occupied.
Kafr-el-Dwar surrenders.
Cairo opens its gates.
Arabi Pasha and 10,000 troops surrender
unconditionally. -
End of the war, 'Sept. 15.
1883 Total destruction of Hicks Pasha and
his army in the Soudan, Nov. 3.
1884 Resignation of Egyptian ministry of
Sherif Pasha, Jan. 7.
Gen. C. G. Gordon leaves England for
Egypt en route for Kartoum, Jan. 18.
Defeat of Baker Pasha' near Tokar,
Feb. 4.
Gen. Gordon arrives at Kartoum, Feb. 18.
Surrender of Tokar to the rebels under
Osman Digna, Feb. 22.
Defeat of the rebels at Tet, by Gen. Graham, Feb. 29.
Tokar relieved by Gen. Graham, March 2.

Osman Pasha defeated by Gen. Graham
at Tamasi, March 13.
Egyptian troops meet with reverse at
Kartoum, March 16.
Third conference of the Great Powers
upon Egyptian finances, Aug. 2.
1885 General Stewart's forces reach Gakdul,
Egypt, Jan. 12.
Battle of Abu Klea, victory of British
forces, Jan. 17.
British victory near Metammeh.
Gen. Stewart wounded, Jan. 19.
Fall of Kartoum, Jan. 26.
Death of Gen. Gordon, Jan. 26, produces
intense excitement in London.
The Italian flag hoisted with that of
Egypt, at Massowah, Feb. 8.
British victory near Dulka Island, deatn
of Gen. Earl, Feb. 10.
The Muder of Dongola decorated by
Lord Wolseley.
Terrific fighting near Suakim, March 22.
Death of Mahdi Mohammed Achmed,
June 29.
Revolution in Eastern Roumelia.
Prince Alexander of Bulgaria, Governor,
Sept. 18.
Meeting of Ambassadors, at Constantinople, on the Eastern crisis, Oct. 4.
1888 First through train from Paris to Constantinople, Aug. 3.
1889 Egyptian Dervish Army routed, Aug. 3.
Turkish forces occupy Crete, Aug. 30.
1890 Turkish man-of-war Ertogroul founders
at sea, 500 lives lost, Sept. 19.
1894 Insurrection in Armenia, and great massacre of Christians at Sassoun.
1895 Riot in Constantinople and massacre of
Armenian Christians in that city.
Great powers of Europe demand reforms from the Sultan and protection
for his Christian subjects.
Change in the Ministry, Nov. 7.
GREECE.
1770 Greek insurgents assisted by Russia.
They are defeated by the Turks..Rebellion of Suliot suppressed.
1803 Turks put down second Suliot rebellion,
which was incited by the French.
1821 Revolt of Ipsylanti; Peloponnesus gained
by the Greeks.
1822 Independence of Greece.
Terrible massacre at Scio.
1823 National Congress at Argos.
Death of Marco Bozzaris.
1824 Death of Lord Byron at Missolonghi.
Ipsara destroyed by the Turks.
1826 Siege of Missolonghi; capitulates to the
Turks.
1827 Turkish army takes Athens.
Interference of foreign powers rejected
by Turkey.
Battle of Navarino; the allied British,

i

uopyrmgnt, 1111, y ee A. Ogle & CO._

Copyright, 1896, by Geo. A. ogle & Co.