Standard atlas of St. Clair County, Michigan : including a plat book of the villages, cities and townships of the county...farmers directory, reference business directory and departments devoted to general information / compiled and published by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

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ICT^ITED SI-AUTS I-T-TD SV:R^YV-ZSANALYSIS OF THFE SYSTE
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___________________ aCO=-2IG3T, S0 -__________ METES AND BOXJNDS.
P to the time of the Revolutionary War, or until about the beginning of the present century, land, when parcelled out, and
sold or granted. was described by ' Metes and Bounds," and that system is still in existence in the following States, or In
those portions of them which had been sold or granted when the present plan of surveys was adopted, viz.: New York, I
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Texas,
and then follow a line according to the cornpass-needle (or magnetic bearing), or the course of a stream, or track of an ancient high- East | o R.
thAs an example of this plan of dividing lands, the following description of a farm laid out by "Metes and Bo*nds" is given:
"Beginning at a stone on the Bank of Doe River, at a point where the highway from A. to B. crosses said river (see point marked C. NQOt
on Diagram 1); thence 40~ North of West 100 rods to a large stump; thence 100 North of West 90 rods; thence 15" West of North 80
rods to an oak tree (see Witness Tree on Diagram 1); thence due East 150 rods to the highway; thence following the conrse of the
highway 50 rods due North; thence 50' North of East 90 rods; thence 450' East of South 60 rods; thence 101 North of East 300 rods
to the Doe River; thence following the course of the river Southwesterly to the place of beginning." This, which is a very simple
and moderate description by "Metes and Bonnds," would leave the boundaries of the farm as shown in Diagram 1.
_________ MERIDIANS AND BASE LINE'
nDI-^O-^J. 2 --— 5 1T00 705~ 100" 9S 900 8
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y 7'
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A- -74 P47cr- - n 2;E;5, 2 M
Ft
DIAGRAM 1.
Eli- sebi * Al.. ~00 ieJ 0.. la
C. S oepVaetSfl.
V A1
TXtEn
\QWEB F | g
8042 ofGvrmna
adtle dOO R Ope byCn'N. t7 85tIg s int ofi use o i
", - I, Ix
- HE present system U
80 @ * of Governmental [
" Land Surveys was
adopted by Con- [
gress on the 7th of May, r. J 1785. It has been in use LU
ever since and is the legal r
method of describing and l
dividing lands. It i8 called
the "Rectangular System,"
t that is, all its distances and r
bearings are measured from
two lines which are at right
> langles to each other, viz.:+.
t These two lines, from which
>? the measurements are made, [
are the Principal Meridians,
&1, 0which run North and South, L
4 @ 45~ and the Base Lines, which
\ J^ ~run East and West. These. t, l Principal Meridians are es\ 1 J c 7 tablished, with great aocuI \t > 4 racy, by astronomieal obserLI:R.EY A 0 o vations. Each Principal
QI i %r Meridian has its Base Line,
L fR:(and these two lines form the

PA' - R I 0SSA.P2i0 00R IsIOT L.T- T T.A, SE LIN - L LWAU ~ ~ ST ON I S
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ii 5~a^- _ ____.,^ ^ i~ y! i N - ^ ^ f E
PAR. _ _ _ -
11. CORR. L I INE~
Li DTR^^^. ^^^^^
f l7 0 c M aS4
0R SN.5 AR. l
I DALLAS ~ co I ES I1
-~.QLETT Sc * 1 ys \ y\wale of 'mIles
tOO 6, ^ ^ A U 8 > ^_______ ^ / 0 0 I o 200
40 955 995

\v. V l A basis or foundation for the
VI: ITRO1 surveys or measurement of
NE 1A K all the lands within the ter\ 1 > $ ritory which they control.
— tF Diagram 2 shows all of the
q S1' \. Principal Meridians and Base
|B^E;jILines in the central portion
A; \.,, ~,of the United States, and
8,A =., 40 from it the territory gov9 -s1,erned by each Meridian and
NDi^?, Base Line may be readily
|' Vl^ ~ " idistinguished. Each Merid=. ian and Base Linle is marked
|u) =^ with its proper number or
J oA^U1 name, as ale also the StandNE IVRUANKFOr ard Parallels and guide (or
LOUI VILLE auxiliary) Meridians.
T \ C Diagram 3 illustrates what
qr t is meant when this method..c is termed the "Rectangular
/ lSystem," and how the mneasl f urements are based on lines
NAesiVLL / g which run at right angles to
S S each other. The heavy line..X3L.- running North and South
t"s7?^ 3S (marked A. A.) represents
^ \ \ l the Principal Meridian, in
\ \ J this case say the SthPrincipal
J ' <? Meridian. The heavy line
\ /^T running East and West
~ H \ 1. (marked B. B.) is the Base. \u E Line. These lines are used
\ as the starting points or basis
& -,YVS of all measurements or saro 5O veys made in territory con^i trolled by the 5thl Principal
1 Meridian. The same fact
- --- - \ applies to all other Principal
"FASE' L.=E Meridians and their Base
Lines. Commencing at the
Principal Meridian, at inter' vals of six miles, lines are
runNorthandSouth, parallel
to the Meridian. This plan
is followed both East and
A West of the Meridian
- ' throughout the territory,gs controlled by the Meridian.