Standard atlas of St. Clair County, Michigan : including a plat book of the villages, cities and townships of the county...farmers directory, reference business directory and departments devoted to general information / compiled and published by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

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ANCIENT, _IED______ASUPPLEMENT XX.
IANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.

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1776 Battle of Trenton; Washington (loss 9)
defeats Rahl and his Hessians (loss
1,000), Dec. 26.
1777 Battle of Princeton; Washington (loss
100) defeats Mawhood (loss 400).
Battle of Bennington, Vt.; Stark (loss
100) defeats Baum and Bremen (loss
600).
Battle of Brandywine; Howe (loss 500)
defeats Washington (loss 1,000), Sept.
11.
Arrival of Lafayette, who is made a
Major-General in Continental Army.
Philadelphia occupied by the British,
Sept. 27.
Battle of Germantown; Howe (loss 600)
defeats Washington (loss 1,200), Oct.
3-4.
Second battle, near Stillwater; Gen.
Gates (loss 350) defeats Burgoyne (loss
600), Oct. 7.
Surrender of Burgoyne, at Saratoga, with
5,752 men, to Gates, Oct. 17.
Articles of Confederation adopted by Congress, Nov. 15.
American independence recognized by
France, Dec. 16.
1778 Treaty with France concluded, Feb. 6.
Philadelphia evacuated by the British,
June 18.
Battle of Monmouth; Washington (loss
230) defeats Clinton (loss 400), June 26.
Massacre of Wyoming Valley, July 3.
Count d'Estaing, with twelve ships of
the line, six frigates, and French
troops, arrives.
Battle on Rhode Island; Sullivan (loss
211) defeats Pigot (loss 260), Aug. 29.
Americans retreat from Rhode Island,
Aug. 30.
Savannah seized by the British, Dec. 29.
Repulse of Americans at Briar Creek,
March 3.
1779 New Haven plundered by the Briti sh,
July 5.
Fairfield and Green Farms, in Connecticut, taken by the British, July 7.
Stony Point taken by the Americans,
July 16.
Charleston, S. C., surrendered to the
British, May 12.
Battle of Camden, S. C.; Cornwallis (loss
325) defeats General Gates (loss 730),
Aug. 16.
Benedict Arnold betrays and deserts his
country.
Major Andre captured, Sept. 23, and
hung as a spy, Oct. 2.
1781 Battle of Cowpens; American General
Morgan (loss 72) defeats Tarleton (loss
800), Jan. 17.
Assembling of Congress, March 2, articles of Confederation having been ratified by all the States.
Defeat of General Greene by Cornwallis,
at Guilford.
Battle of Eutaw Springs; General Greene
(loss 555) defeats Stewart (loss 1,100),
Sept. 8.
The traitor, Arnold, burns New London,
Sept. 6.
Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown, with 7,073 men, to Washington,
Oct. 19.
1782 Independence of the United States
acknowledged by Holland, April 19.
1783 Independence acknowledged by Sweden,
Denmark, Spain and Prussia.
Armistice with Great Britain, Jan. 20.
Peace with Great Britain, at Treaty of
Paris, Sept. 23.
New York evacuated, Nov. 25.
Resignation of General Washington, Dec.
23.
1784 Treaty of peace ratified by Congress,
Jan. 4.
1785 John Adams sent to England as first
Ambassador from the United States.
1786 Cotton introduced into Georgia.
Shay's rebellion in Massachusetts.
Delegates assemble at Annapolis, and
recommend a Convention to revise articles of Confederation.
1787 Meeting of Convention at Philadelphia,
George Walshington presiding.
Constitution of the United States adopted, Sept. 17.
1788 Constitution ratified by all the States
except Rhode Island and North Carolina.
Emancipation of slaves by the Quakers
of Philadelphia.
1789 First Congress meets at New York.
George Washington elected first President of the United States.
North Carolina ratifies the Constitution.
1790 Death of Benjamin Franklin, April 17.
Rhode Island ratifies the Constitution.
Hamilton's financial schemes proposed.
1791 Bank of the United States established,
at Philadelphia.
Vermont admitted i as the fourteenth.
State.

Indians defeat St. Clair.
1792 Kentucky admitted as the fifteenth
State.
The Columbia river discovered by Captain Grey.
Washington City chosen as the capital of
the republic.
1793 Invention of the cotton gin by Whitney,
resulting in the revolutionizing of the
culture of cotton.
Trouble with the French Ambassador,
Genet.
1794 Washington's second term as President
begins.
Whisky rebellion in Pennsylvania.
France recalls Genet.
Jay's treaty with Great Britain.
1795 Congress ratifies Jay's treaty.
1796 Tennessee admitted as the sixteenth
State.
Resignation of George Washington.
1797 John Adams inaugurated as President.
Treaty with France annulled.
1798 War with France threatened.
1799 Death of Washington, at Mt. Vernon,.
Dec. 14.
1800 The Government removed from Philadelphia to Washington.
Treaty signed with France.
General Bankruptcy Law passed.
1801 Inauguration of Thomas Jefferson as
President.
New York Evening Post established.
War with Tripoli commenced, June 10.
Death of Benedict Arnold, June 14.
1802 Ohio admitted as the seventeenth State.
Port of New Orleans closed by Spain,
and American vessels forbidden to
pass down Mississippi river.
1803 Louisiana purchased from the French;
$15,000,000 paid.
Pianos first manufactured at Boston.
1804 Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in
a duel, July 11.
Frigate "President" destroyed at Tripoli
by Decatur, Feb. 4.
Fort Dearborn, present site of Chicago,
built.
Lewis & Cdark's expedition starts across
the plains.
1805 Treaty of peace with Tripoli, Jan. 4.
Ice first becomes an article of commerce.
Seizure of armed American vessels by
England.
Lewis and Clark arrive at mouth of the
Columbia river.
1806 American commerce affected by blockade
of French and English coasts.
1807 British vessels ordered to leave United
States waters.
Trouble with England respecting.he
rights of neutrals.
Attack on the American ship. "Chesapeake,"' by the British ship, "Leo-.
pard," June 22.
Embargo on American ships declared,
Dec. 22.
Acquittal of Aaron Burr on charge of
conspiracy.

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1807 The first coast survey ordered by Congress.
Importation of slaves forbidden by Congress.
Eli Terry manufactures first wooden
clocks.
Fulton's first successful steamboat.
1808 Abolition of the slave trade, Jan. 1.
France orders the seizure and confiscation of American vessels.
First printing office west of the Mississippi, established at St. Louis.
First Bible Society founded, in Philadelphia.
1809 First woolen mills started, in New York.
Embargo repealed, March 1.
James Madison President.
Intercourse between France and England forbidden.
1810 132 confiscated American vessels sold by
- Napoleon.
First manufacture of steel pens begun.
First agricultural fair, held at Georgetown.
Porcelain clay discovered in Vermont.
Hartford Fire Insurance Company incorrorated.
1811 Engagement between U. S. frigate
"President," and British sloop, "Little
Belt. "
Depredations on American vessels by
France and England.
Stevens devises plan for plating vessels.
First manufacture of screws by machinery.
Battle of Tippecanoe; Gen. Harrison defeats Tecumseh, Nov. 7.
Reparation made by the British for the
attack on the "Chesapeake."
Great earthquake at New Madrid, Mo.
Astor's fur company establishes post of
Astoria.
Breech loading rifles invented.
1812 Embargo laid for ninety days.
Louisiana admitted into the Union.
Congress levies a tax of $3,000,000.
Additional force of 35,000 men authorized.
Detachment of militia, not exceeding
100,000 men, authorized.
War declared against Great Britain,
June 12.
British orders in council revoked, June
23.
Van Horne defeated, Aug. 5.
Defeat of Miller, Aug. 8.
Gen. Hull invades Canada, July 12; surrenders Mackinaw, July 17.
Hull surrenders Detroit with 2,500 men,
Aug. 16.
The "Alert," a British ship of war,
captured by the "Essex," Aug. 13.
The "Guerriere," a British frigate,
captured by the "Constitution" ("Old
Ironsides"), Capt. Hull, Aug. 19.
Gen. Harrison takes command of the
Northwestern army.
Queenstown attacked, unsuccessfully, by
the Americans, Oct. 13.
The "Frolic," a British ship, captured
by the U. S. sloop of war "Wasp."
Both vessels afterwards taken by the
"Poictiers," a British 74.
The "Macedonian," a British frigate,
captured by the "United States," Commodore Decatur, Oct. 25.
The "Java," a British frigate captured
by the "Constitution," Capt. Bainbridge, Dec. 29.
1813 At the River Raisin, the British and
Indians surprise and defeat Winchester. Most of the Americans were massacred by the Indians, who were left
unprotected by Gen. Proctor, July 13.
The "Peacock," a British ship, captured
by the "Hornet," Feb. 23.
The inauguration of James Madison as
President, March 4.
The Creek Indians subdued by Gen.
Jackson.
The American coast blockaded by 1he
British.
Duel between Gen. Jackson and Col.
Benton.
York (now Toronto) in Upper Canada,
taken by the Americans, under Gen.
Pike, who was killed, April 27.
The "Chesapeake" frigate taken by the
British frigate "Shannon," June 1.
First rolling mill at Pittsburgh.
Stereotyping first introduced into America.
Death of Capt. Lawrence, of the "Chesapeake."
Battle of Fort George, May 27.
British attack on Sackett's Harbor repulsed, May 28.
Forts Meigs and Stephenson attacked
by the British and Indians.

The U. S. brig "Argus" taken by ihe
British sloop "Pelican," Aug. 14.
The British brig "Boxer" captured by
the U. S. brig "Enterprise," Sept. 4.
The British fleet, 63 guns, on Lake Erie,
captured by the American fleet, 56
guns, under Commodore Perry, Sept.
10.
Massacre of Fort Mimms, Ala., by the
Indians, Aug. 30.
Battle of Williamsburg, Nov. 11.
Burning of Newark, Canada, Nov. 12.
Buffalo burned by the British, Dec. 13.
The British capture Fort Niagara, Dec.
29.
Niagara-frontier ravaged by the British,
Dec. 30.
Gen. Harrison, after having crossed into
Canada, defeats and disperses the
British army under Gen. Proctor, near
the River Thames; death of Tecumseh,
Oct. 5.
1814 The frigate "Essex" captured, at Valparaiso, by two British vessels.
Battle of Horse Shoe Bend, March 20.
The "Epervier," a British vessel, captured by the "Peacock," April 29.
Oswego bombarded and taken by the
British, May 6.
The "Reindeer," a British vessel, captured, by the "Wasp," June 25.
Fort Erie captured by the Americans
under Gen. Brown, July 3.
Battle of Chippewa.
Brown defeats Drummond, July 5.
Battle of Bridgewater, Lundy's Lane.
Brown and Scott defeat Drummond and
Rial, July 25.
The British bombard Stonington, Conn.,
Aug. 9.
Battle of Fort Erie, Aug. 15.
Battle of Bladensburg.
British General, Ross, defeats Winder,
Aug. 24.
British enter Washington, and burn the
public buildings.
Alexandria taken by the British, Aug. 29.
The "Avon," a- British vessel, captured
by the "Wasp," Sept. 1.
Attack on Fort Bower (now Morgan)
Ala., Sept. 5.
The British fleet on Lake Champlain, 95
guns, Commodore Downie, captured
by the American fleet, of 86 guns, Commodore MacDonough, and their army
defeated at Plattsburg, by Gen. Macomb, Sept. 11.
British expelled from Pensacola, by Jackson, Nov. 7.
Battle on Lake Borgue, La., Dec. 14.
Battle below New Orleans, Dec. 22.
Jethro Wood patents his own plow.
Perkins makes first steel plates for engraving.
Massacre at Fort Dearborn, (Chicago) by
Indians.
Attack on Baltimore.
Bombardment of Fort McHenry.
British defeated, and Gen. Ross killed,
Sept. 14.
Treaty of peace with Great Britain
signed, at Ghent, Dec. 24.
1815 Battle of New Orleans.
Defeat of the British, with the loss of

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their leader, Gen. Packenham, by Gen. j
Jackson, Jan. 8.
Capture of the frigate "President" by
the British squadron, Jan. 15.
Treaty of Ghent ratified by the Senate,
Feb. 17.
"Constitution" captures the "Cyane"
and "Levant," Feb. 20.
War declared with Algiers.
The "Penguin" captured by the "Hornet," March 23.
Commodore Decatur sent against Algiers.
Decatur captures Algerine frigate, June
17.
Hunt first manufactures axes.
Terrific gale and flood in New England,
Sept. 23.
1816 Indiana admitted as a State.
Second United States bank chartered.
Steam first applied to paper making.
Election of James Monrce, President.
Mrs. Emma Willard opens her girls'
school at Troy.
This was known as the year without a
summer.
1817 Illinois admitted into the Union.
Pensions granted revolutionary soldiers.
Jackson subdues Indians in Georgia and
Alabama.
Erie Canal commenced.
Mississippi admitted into the Union.
Harper Bros. publishing house founded.
Clymer invents Columbian printing
press.
New England Deaf and Dumb Asylum
founded.
1818 Foundation of the new Capitol laid, at
Washington, Aug. 24.
Pensacola, Fla., captured from the
Spanish. by Jackson.
1819 The "Savannah," the first steamn packet
that crosses the Atlantic, makes a voyage to Liverpool.
The first permanent Lodge of Odd Fellows founded, in Baltimore, April 26.
Alabama admitted into the Union, Dec.
14.
1820 Passage of the Missouri Compromise.
Florida ceded to the United States by
Spain for $5,000,000.
Maine admitted into the Union, March 15.
Heated discussion in Congress on the
slavery question.
Percussion caps for guns first introduced.
Re-election of James Monroe as President.
Petroleum first discovered in Ohio.
Macadamized roads first introduced.
Death of Daniel Boone.
1821 Missouri admitted into the Union, Aug.
10.
Jackson takes possession of Florida, July
21.
Burnett first introduces lithography.
Straw hats first made from American
straw.
1822 The United States acknowledge the independence of the South American Republics.
First English firm in California opens
house at Monterey.
Death of Maj.-Gen. Stark.
First cotton mill built in Lowell.
Elliott makes first platform scales.
War with the Cuban pirates.
Gas first successfully introduced in Doston.
1823 The Monroe doctrine, June 18.
First gas company in New York.
First teachers' seminary opened in Concord, Vt.
1824 The principles of Robert Owen preached.
Pins first made by machinery.
First reformatory school founded in New
York.
Act passed to protect and encourage cotton manufactures.
Convention with Great Britain to suppress slave trade, March 13.
Convention with Russia in relation to
northwest boundary, April 5.
Arrival of Lafayette on a visit to the
U. S.
Election of John Quincy Adams as President.
1825 The Capitol at Washington completed.
First edge tool manufactory established..
Smith, a trapper, performs the first overland journey to California, and found
Folsom.
Departure of Lafayette for France,
Sept. 7.
1826 Deaths of Thomas Jefferson and John
Adams.
Convention with Great Britain concerning indemnities.
Fiftieth anniversary of American Independence, July 4.
Great anti-mason excitement.
Abduction of William Morgan.
Baron Von Humboldt visits the United

States.
Opening of the Erie Canal, Oct. 26.
Duel between Henry Clay and John
Randolph.
Delano's first fire-proof safes.
1827 Treaty with Creek Indians concluded.
Treaty with the Kansas Indians, and the
great and little Osages.
Treaty with the Republic of Colombia.
Continued intense excitement over the
"Morgan affair".
First railroad built at Quincy, Massachusetts, and- operated by horse power.
1828 Passage of the Protective Tariff Bill.
Sandpaper and emery first made.
First locomotive introduced from England, by the Delaware and Hudson
Canal Company.
Baltimore and Ohio railroad commenced.
Congress makes provision for officers of
the revolutionary war.
Democrat and Republican first chosen
by their respective political rarties.
General Jackson elected President.
Treaty of Peace with Brazil and Buenos
Ayres.
Planing mill first patented.'
1829 Andrew Jackson, President, opposes the
project to recharter the Bank of the
United States.
Independence of Mexico recognized.
Webster's great speech in Congress, Jan.
26.
Virginia passes resolution against Tariff
bill.
First Asylum for the Blind established.
First Horticultural Society formed.
Removal of 700 officeholders by Jackson.
1830 Commercial treaty with Turkey.
South Carolina asserts "States Rights".
The Mormon church founded by Joseph
Smith, April 6.
Building of the South Carolina railroad.
American Institute of Learning founded.
Great debate between Webster and
Hayne.
1831 Intense Tariff and Free trade excitement.
Garrison starts the "Liberator" antislavery paper.
Death of James Monroe, July 4.
Manning mowing machines patented.
Guthrie discovers chloroform.
Howe invents first practical pin machine.
Buttons first made by machinery.
Western College of Teachers established.
1832 President Jackson vetoes the Bank Bill.
New protective tariff measure passed.
South Carolina nullification movement.
U. S. frigate "Potomac," attacks Qualla
Batoo, Feb. 6.
First case of asiatic cholera in U. S.
June 21.
Black Hawk war, and his capture, Aug.
27.
University of New York organized, Sept.
26.
Re-election of Andrew Jackson as President.
Death of Charles Carroll, last surviving
signer of Declaration of Independence.

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1832 Morse invents electric magnet telegraph.
Cholera in New York, 3,400 deaths.
Fairbank's Scale first patented.
1833 The President removes the public deposits from the Bank of the United
States.
President Jackson begins his second
term, March 4.
The Southern States hold a states-right
Convention.
Clay's Compromise Tariff law passed.
Gayler invents first practical safe.
Death of John Randolph, May 24.
Removal of several Indian tribes west
of the Mississippi.
Hoe's double-cylinder printing-press constructed.
First successful reaper patented.
Ericsson invents the caloric engine.
1834 Congress passes a vote of censure against
the President for removing bank deposits; subsequently expunged.
Lucifer matches first made.
Walter Hunt invents first sewing machine, but fails to perfect and patent.
Dr. Howe invents raised alphabet for
use of the blind.
1835 Great fire in New York.
Congress establishes branch mints in
Georgia, North Carolina, and Louisiana.
Government purchase Cherokee bonds
for $5,200,000.
New York Herald established by Bennett.
Death of Chief Justice Marshall, July 6.
Roger Brooks Taney, appointed Chief
Justice.
Seminole Indian war renewed.
Gas first introduced into Philadelphia.
Brown makes first gold pens with diamond points.
Guano becomes an article of commerce
in the U. S.
Massacre of Maj. Dade and his command
in Florida.
1836 The national debt virtually paid.
Arkansas admitted into the Union.
Battle of San; Jacinto, Texas; Santa
Anna defeated and a prisoner, April 21.
Bequest of James Smithson to the U. S.
of $515,169.
Smithsonian Institute at Washington
founded.
Death of James Madison, June 28.
Governor Call, of Georgia, invades Seminole country.
Sam Houston elected President of Texas,
Oct. 22.
Martin Van Buren elected President.
Burning of the Patent and General Postoffice at Washington.
Texas declared independent.
Sam Colt invents the revolver.
First National Temperance Convention
held at Saratoga.
Adams' great debate for the right of
petition.
Death of Aaron Burr.
Sioux and Winnebago Indians removed
beyond the Mississippi.
Scott subdues the Creek Indians.
1837 Great financial crash and panic throughout the country.
Harnden originates the express business.
Michigan admitted into the Union.
1838 First zinc produced in the country.
Wilkes' exploring expedition to the South
Pole.
United States Bank suspends specie payment, Oct. 5.
Mormon war in Missouri.
1840 Intense political excitement.
The Log Cabin campaign.
Election of William Henry Harrison as
President.
Goodyear invents vulcanized rubber.
The first steam fire engine constructed
by Ericsson.
Sub-Treasury bill becomes a law, June
30.
First Washingtonian Society founded.
Adams' Express Company organized.
Wilkes discovers Antarctic continent.
1841 William H. Harrison inaugurated, March
4, dies April 4; John Tyler, Vice-President, inaugurated President, April 6.
McLeod difftculty.
Webster's (Noah) Dictionary first published.
Sub-Treasury bill repealed, Aug. 9.
Bankruptcy Act becomes a law, Aug. 18.
Imprisonment for debts due the government abolished.
Greeley establishes the N-ew York Tribune.
1842 Kingford produces the first sample of
pure corn starch.
Mutiny on United States brig of war
"Somers" instigated by Midshipman

Spencer.
The Fourier community excitement.
Fremont's expedition to the Rocky Mountains.
Ashburton or first Washington Treaty
signed, with England, Aug. 9.
Bunker Hill monument completed.
Termination of war with Seminoles.
Lucifer matches first made by machinery.
President vetoes bill for National Bank.
Dorr rebellion in Rhode Island.
Bankrupt Act repealed, March 3.
Death of Dr. Channing, Oct. 2.
1843 William Miller and the "Millerites."
$30,0(0 voted by Congress"to aid Morse to
establish telegraph lines.
Fremont explores Columbia River, Willamet Valley, and Klamath Lake.
Great comet visible during the day.
Death of Noah Webster.
Wilder's patent for fireproof safe.
1844 Explosion of the gun, the "peace-maker," killing the Secretaries of Navy
and State.
Commercial treaty with China.
First telegraph line from Washington
to Baltimore.
First anti-slavery candidate nominated
for the presidency.
The "Midas," first American steamboat,
rounds Cape of Good& Hope.
James K. Polk elected President.
Mormon war in Illinois, murder of
Joseph Smith; Brigham Young selected as his successor.
Copper discovered in Michigan.
Texas asks for annexation.
First telegraph line.
1845 Texas annexed by Act of Congress, Mexico takes offense.
Florida and Iowa admitted into the,
Union.
War declared by Mexico, June 4.
Naval school at Annapolis opened.
Elias Howe produces his first sewing
machine.
Great fire in Pittsburgh.
Serious fire in New York, 300 buildings
burned.
Death of Justice Joseph Story.
First manufacture of files.
Zachary Taylor, with 4,000 troops, advanced to Corpus Christi, Texas.
Negotiations toward purchase of San
Domingo.
Death of Andrew Jackson, June 8.
Free Soil party originated.
1846 Northwestern boundary fixed at 498.
Hostilities begin in Mexico.
Battles of Palo Alto, May 8, and Resaca
de la Palma, May 9; victory of Gen.
Taylor.
Matamoras taken, May 18.
New Tariff bill passed, July 28.
President vetoes River Harbor bill,
Aug. 3.
"Wilson Proviso" against extension of
slaveryzpasses the House.
Gun-cotton invented.
Great fire in Louisville.
Ether first used as an anesthetic by Dr.
Jackson.

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1846 Gen. Kearney takes possession of New
Mexico, Aug. 18.
Commodore Stockton blockades Mexican
ports on Pacific coast.
Monterey taken by Gen. Taylor, Sept. 24.
Eight days' armistice granted.
California expedition, under Stephenson,
sails from New York, Sept. 26.
Tobasco, Mexico, bombarded by Perry,
Oct. 25.
Tampico taken by Gen. Conner, Nov. 14.
Kearney defeats Mexicans at San Pasqual, Dec. 6.
Col. Doniphan defeats Mexicans at Brazito, Dec. 25.
Gen. Taylor relieved by Gen. Scott.
The Mormons driven from Nauvoo, Ill.
Iowa admitted as a State.
1847 Kearney victorious at San Gabriel and
Mesa, Cal., Jan. 8, 9.
Mexican Congress resolves to raise loan
of $15,000,000 on property of the clergy,
Jan. 8.
Revolt of Mexicans in New Mexico
against United States, Jan. 14.
Defeat of insurgents at Canada, New
Mexico, Jan. 24.
Battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23; Taylor
defeats Santa Anna.
Battle of Sacramento; defeat of Mexicans, Feb. 28.
Gen. Kearney declares California a part
of the United States, March T.
Vera Cruz taken by army and navy,
March 28.
Alvarado capitulates, April 2.
Battle of Cerro Gordo, April 8: Scott
defeats Mexicans; also at Contreras,
Aug. 20.
Molino del Rey taken, Sept. 8.
Gen. Scott enters the city of Mexico,
Sept. 15.
1848 Death of John Quincy Adams, Feb. 21,
-Gold discovered in California, March.
Oneida Community, New York, established.
Wisconsin admitted into the Union, May
29.
Missouri Compromise repealed.
Election of Zachary Taylor as President.
Corner stone of Washington Monument
laid.
Oregon Territorial bill passed, Aug. 13.
First receipt of California gold at United
States mint, Dec. 8.
Treaty signed with Mexico, Feb. 2.
Upper California ceded to United States.
Mexicans unsuccessfully besiege Pueblo,
held by Americans, Sept. 13 to Oct. 12.
Huamantia taken by Americans, Oct. 9.
Guyannes captured, Oct. 20.
Great excitement at Rochester, N. Y.,
caused by "Spirit rappings."
Food sent to starving Ireland.
Los Angeles, Cal., taken by Kearney,
and a system of government orgainized.
1848 Great fire in St. Louis.
Prof. Webster murders Dr. Parkman,
Nov. 23.
United States gold dollar first coined.
California adopts a constitution prohibiting slavery.
Death of James K. Polk. June 15.
1849 Filibustering expeditions against Cuba
forbidden by the President.
Visit of Father Mathew, the temperance
advocate.
Capt. Minie invents the Minie conical
bullet.
Mason and Dixon's line surveyed.
Cholera visits the United States, severe
at Cincinnati and St. Louis.
California Constitution formed at Monterey.
Great riot at Astor Place Opera House,
New York.
1850 Treaty with England for a transit way
across Panama.
French Ambassador dismissed from
Washington.
Death of John C. Calhoun, March 31.
Congress passes the Oregon Donation
Law.
Uncle Tom's Cabin first published.
Watches first made by machinery.
Fugitive Slave Law passed.
Death of Zachary Taylor, July 9.
Grinnell Arctic Expeditionisails.
California admitted as a Free State,
Sept 9.
New Mexico and Utah organized as territories, Sept. 9.
Visit of Jenny Lind to America, Sept. 12.
Dahlgren invents the cast-iron gun.
1851 Appearance of the great sea serpent.
Completion of Erie railroad.
Corner-stone of Capitol extension laid,
July 4.
First Asylum for Idiots established in

New York.
California Vigilance Committee formed.
American yacht victorious at regatta in
London, Eng.
Frightful catastrophe at public school
building, New York.
Congressional Library destroyed by fire,
Dec. 24.
1852 Dispute with England about the fisheries.
Expedition to Japan, under Com. Perry.
First street-railway in New York.
Deaths of Henry Clay, June 26, and
Daniel Webster, Oct. 24.
Treaty of Commerce with Chili.
Branch mint established in San Francisco.
Franklin Pierce elected President.
1853 Crystal Palace, New York, opened.
Treaty with Mexico, for purchase of
Arizona.
Treaty with Russia.
Explorations for a transcontinental railway'
Yellow fever in New York.
Children's Aid Society, New York,
founded.
Walker's filibustering expedition to Sonora, Mexico.
1854 Commercial Treaty with Japan signed,
March 31.
American, or Know-Nothing Society
formed.
Loss of the steamship Arctic.
Cubans seize American mail-steamer
Black Warrior, Feb. 28.
First railway from Lake Michigan to the
Mississippi, the Rock Island.
American ship "Cayne" bombards Greytown, Central America, on refusal to
pay for property destroyed, June. 12.
Invention of the Iron Tower for ironclad vessels, by Ericsson.
Reciprocity Treaty with England; settlement of the Fishery question, Aug. 2.
Bill passed organizing Kansas and
Nebraska as Territories, repealing the
Compromise of 1820, which excluded
slavery from the entire Louisiana purchase, May 24.
Massachusetts Aid Society send out settlers to Kansas.
A. H. Reeder, of Pennsylvania, appointed Governor of Kansas.
1855 Territorial Legislature of Kansas meets
at Shawnee, July; great emigration
to Kansas.
Free State men meet in convention at
Topeka and form a Free State constitution, Oct. 23.
Hostilities between the Free and Slave
State settlers begin.
Sioux Indians defeated by Gen. Harney.
Paraguayans attack United States
steamer, "Water-Witch."
Completion of Niagara Suspension
Bridge.
C ourt Claims-established.
William Walker unsuccessfully invades
Nicaragua.
Dispute with Great Britain concerning
recruiting t or the Crimea army.

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Copyrighit,- 1896, 'by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

Dispute with Great Britain concerning
recruiting for the Crimea army.