Standard atlas of St. Clair County, Michigan : including a plat book of the villages, cities and townships of the county...farmers directory, reference business directory and departments devoted to general information / compiled and published by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

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SUPPLEMENT XVIII.
ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.

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1387 Norway and Denmark became confederate kingdoms, under one ruler, and
remained so until 1814.
1407 By the Treaty of Calmar, Sweden joined
the confederacy or Scandinavian kingdom.
1448 Christian I. of Oldenburg became king
and added Schleswig and Holstein to
the kingdom.
1520 Sweden revolted from the foreign yoke
and under Gustavus Vasa, her future
king, became independent in 1523.
Gustavus Vasa died in 1560.
1523 Lutheran religion established in Denmark.
1537 Catholicism suppressed and church
lands annexed to the crown.
1611 Gustavus Adolphus, The Lion King of
the North and Bulwark of Protestantism in Germany, became king of Sweden. He was an important factor in
the Thirty Years' War and was killed
at the battle of Lutzen in 1632.
1664 Charles XII. became king of Sweden,
after engaging in successful war with
Russia he was defeated by Peter the
Great at Pultowa in 1709 and became
a fugitive.
1792 Gustavus III. assassinated and succeeded by Gustavus IV. The latter being
insane, was dethroned.
1809 Charles XIII. succeeded to the throne of
Sweden.
1810 For want of a legitimate heir, Bernadotte, rrince of Ponte Corvo, one of
Napoleon's marshals, was elected
crown prince of Sweden.
1814 Norway taken from Denmark and given
to Sweden as indemnity for her losses
in Finland by the allies, and Laurenberg was given to Denmark in exchange.
1818 Bernadotte ascended the throne of Sweden and Norway, where his descendants are still seated.
1863 Insurrection in Schleswig-Holstein and
Laurenberg, assisted by Prussia and
Austria, resulted in the loss of these
provinces to Denmark.
Christian IX. crowned king of Denmark.
1872 Oscar II. ascended the throne of Sweden and Norway.
1893 Viking ship built at Christiana, Sweden,
and sailed for the World's Fair at
Chicago, April 9. Dr. Nansen, the
Arctic explorer, sailed from Christiana, Sweden, June 24.
GERMANY.
1765 Joseph II. becomes.Emperor.
1766 Lorraine ceded -to France.
1769 Convention between Prussia and Austria.
1772 Germany shares in the partition of Poland.
1788 War with Turkey.
1790 Leopold II. becomes Emperor.
1791 Conference between the Emperor and
Frederick of Prussia.
1792 Accession of Francis II. of Austria.
1793 Revolt in the Rhenish provinces.
Prussians seize Dantzic and acquire
Posen.
1795 Warsaw ceded to Prussia in the division
of Poland.
War with France.
1797 Accession of Frederick William III., of
Prussia.
1801 Prussians seize Hanover.
Treaty of Luneville; Germany loses the
Netherlands, the Italian states and territories west of the Rhine.
1804 Francis II. renounces the title of Emperor of Germany, and assumes that of
Emperor of Austria.
1805' Treaty of Vienna.
Napoleon, establishes the kingdoms of
Wurtemburg and Bavaria.
1806 Dissolution of the German Empire.
Formation of the Confederation of the
Rhine.
Prussians seize Hanover.
War declared against Napoleon, Sept. 24.
Battles of Auerstadt and Jena; French
enter Berlin, Oct. 21.
1807 The kingdom of Westphalia established
by Napoleon.
Treaty of Tilsit between France and
Prussia.
1808 Serfdom abolished in Prussia.
1810 North Germany annexed to France.
1812 An alliance concluded with Austria and

Russia.
1813 The war of Liberation, against Napoleon,
begins.
The French evacuate Berlin, March 4.
War declared against France, March 16.
Silesia invaded by Napoleon, May 31.
Ney defeated by Blucher at Katzbach,
Aug. 16.
Allies completely defeat Napoleon at
Leipsic, Oct. 16.
1814 France invaded by the allies.
Battles of Brienne, Creon, and, Laon.
1815 Congress of Vienna.
Final overthrow of Napoleon.
Formation of the Germanic Confederation.
1817 Insurrection in Breslau put down.
1818 The Zollverein (commercial 'union)
formed.
1819 Anti-revolutionary Congress of Carlsbad.
1832 Death of Goethe, German poet.
1833 Other German states join the Zollverein.
1834 Thuringia and Saxony join the Zollverein.
1840 Accession of Frederick William IV., of
Prussia.'
1844 Attempted assassination of the Prussian
King.
1848 Insurrection in Berlin, and revolutionary
movements throughout Germany.
German National Assembly meets in
Frankfort.
1849 The German National Assembly elects
the King of Prussia Emperor of Germany, March 28.
He declines the honor, and recalls the
Prussian members of the Assembly.
Frankfort Assembly removes to Stuttgart.
Austria protests against alliance of Prussia and smaller German States, 1850.
Treaty between Bavaria, Saxony and
Wurtemburg, Feb. 27.
Parliament meets at Erfurt.
The German Confederation meets at
Frankfort, Sept. 2.
Hesse-Cassel Invaded by the forces of
Austria, Bavaria, and Prussia, Nov. 12.
1851 Reassembly of Diet of German Confederation at Frankfort.
1853 Insurrectionary plot in Berlin discovered.
1857 Revision of the German Confederation.
Meeting of an assembly of the German
Confederation at Frankfort, at the call
of Austria.
Troubles in Hesse-Cassel.
The elector restored by the Confederation.
1859 Bavaria, and other German states, manifast a willingness to assist Austria
against the French in Italy.
1860 Quarrel with Denmark about the Danish
duchies begins.
Federal Diet maintains Hesse-Cassel
Constitution against Prussia.
Holstein-Schleswig dispute with Denmark.
1861 Death of Frederick William IV.; accession of William I.
National Assembly meets at Heidelberg.
Attempted assassination of the King.
1862 The National Assembly, at Berlin, declares in favor of unification.
Bismarck becomes Prime Minister.

1863 The Lower House closed, for the second time, by William I.
German states, except Prussia, meet at
Frankfort, and approve a plan of federal reform.
1864 The quarrel with Denmark results in
war with that kingdom.
The Danes are defeated and forced to
surrender the duchies.
Peace restored, Oct. 30.
1865 The Gastein convention.
It gives great offence to the German
Diet.
Prussia and Austria called upon to give
up Holstein, which they refuse.
1866 War between Prussia and Austria, and
their respective allies.
Austria defeated.
Saxony and Holstein invaded by Prussia.
Prussia makes peace with the several
German states.
North German Confederation formed,
Aug. 18.
1867 Formation of th-e new Zollverein includes Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Baden,
Hesse, Darmstadt, and Prussia.
1868 South German military commission appointed.
1870 France declares war against Germany.
Munich, Stuttgart, and other cities, declare for union with North. Germany.
Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Hesse, Darmstadt
and Baden support Prussia.
Invasion of France by the Germans. Unparalleled success of the German
troops.
The Emperor, Napoleon III., and two
French armies made prisoners by the
Germans.
North German Parliament opens at Berlin, Nov. 24.
The German empire formed.
The Imperial Crown offered to the King
of Prussia, Dec. 10.
1871 King William I., of Prussia, proclaimed
Emperor of Germany at Versailles.
Prince Bismarck becomes Chancellor.
Successful close of the French war.
The Germans occupy Paris, and deprive
France of Alsace and Lorraine.
Treaty of peace with France ratified.
May 16.
Triumphal entry of the victorious German army into Berlin, June 16.
German Parliament opened by the Emperor, Oct. 16.
1872 The Jesuits expelled from the empire,
July 5.
Meeting of the Emperors of Germany,
Russia, and Austria, at Berlin, Sept. 6.
Bismarck resigns the premiership of
Prussia.
1873 National Liberals succeed in the elections.
Troubles with the Roman Catholic
church.
Monetary reform law passed, June 23.
Germany receives the last payment of
the French indemnity, Sept. 5.
1874 Civil marriage bill.passed.
New military and press laws.
Attempt to assassinate Prince Von Bismarck, July 13.
Bismarck resigns Chancellorship, Dec.
16. Resignation withdrawn upon receiving a vote of confidence.
1875 The Imperial Bank bill adopted.
Visit of the Emperor to Italy, Aug. 17.
Government aid withdrawn from Catholic clergy..
1876 Germany takes part in the Eastern question.
Visit of Queen Victoria to Berlin.
Trouble with Roman Catholic church.
Inundations in Prussia.
The Czar of Russia visits Germany.
1877 Code of laws enacted March 21.
Second resignation of Bismarck; resignation again withdrawn.
1878 Attempt to assassinate the Emperor William by Hodel, a socialist, May 11. A
second attempt to assassinate the Emperor, who is wounded.
The Crown Prince takes charge df the
Empire.
Death of King George of Hanover, June
12.
The Berlin Conference of the Great Powers.
Suppression of many newspapers and
clubs.
Regency of the Crown Prince.
1879 The Emperor resumes the government.
Protectionists' bill adopted, May 9.
Meeting of Bismarck and Andrassy, at
Vienna, Sept.
Code of laws passed in 1877 goes into
operation.
1880 Small states outvote Prussia, Saxony and
Bavaria on stamp duties. Bismarck
resigns a third time, and the states

yield.
"New Liberal" party formed, Aug.
1881 German Reichstag opened, Feb. 16.
The Liberals successful in the October
elections.
1882 Imperial rescript of Jan. 4 asserts extreme rights of the Emperor, and slight
constitutional restraints; rescript
modified by explanation.
Disastrous floods in Germany, Dec. 6.
1883 Grand celebration in Berlin upon the
twenty-fifth anniversary of the marriage of the Crown Prince and Princess.
The Emperor appoints the King of Spain
to the command of the Schleswig-Holstein Uhlan regiment, Sept. 27.
Death of William R. Wagner, German
composer, aged 69, Feb. 13.
1884 Conference of the Great Powers upon
Egyptian finances, Aug. 2.
Germany occupies the Caroline Islands,
Aug. 20.
Death of Prince Frederick Charles of
Prussia, aged 57,. June 15.
Convention between Prussia and Austria.
1887 Septennate army bill passed March 11.
Ecclesiastical bill passed, April 27.
1888 Death of Emperor William, March 9.
Frederick III. becomes Emperor, March
11.
Wilhelm II., Emperor, June 18.
1889 Samoazi.Agreement signed, June 14.
1890 Von Caprivi succeeds Bismarck as Chancellor, March 19.
Heligoland transferred to Germany by
England, Aug. 9.
1891 The Empress Friedrich visits Paris, Feb.
Rigid passport regulations enforced in
Alsace Lorraine.
Death of Gen. Von Moltke, April 24.
1893 Princess Margaret, sister of the Emperor, weds Prince Charles Frederick
of Hesse, Jan. 25.
Unveiling of the statue -of William I.
at Bremen.
1894 Caprivi resigns the Chancellorship of
the Empire and is succeeded by Prince
von Hohenlohe.
1895 Grand celebration by German veterans of
the twenty-fifth anniversaries of Gravelotte, Sedan, etc.
Celebration and naval demonstration at
Kiel on account of the opening of the
great canal connecting the Baltic with
the North Sea.
PRUSSIA.
1780 Death of Frederick the Great, Aug. 17.
1792 War with France in consequence of the
French revolution.
Battle of Valmy; Sept. 20.
Decisive defeat of the Prussian army of
invasion.

1793 Prussia seizes Dantzic and acquires Posen.
1795 Warsaw ceded to Prussia in the partition
of Poland.
1797 Frederick William III., of Prussia, becomes Emperor of Germany.
1801 Prussians seize Hanover.
1805 Treaty of Vienna.
Downfall of the German Empire.
1806 Prussia seizes Hanover, Posen.
Prussia joins the alliance against France.
Battles of Jena and Auerstadt.
Prussia succumbs to Napoleon.
Napoleon issues the Berlin Decree.
1807 Peace of Tilsit.
Napoleon restores one-half of his dominions to the King of Prussia.
1808 Convention of Berlin.
Serfdom abolished in Prussia.
1812 Prussia concludes an alliance with Russia and Austria.
1813 The French evacuate Berlin, March 4.
The war of Liberation begun.
Uprising of the people.
The "Landwehr" formed.
Battle of Leipsic, Oct. 16.
1814 The allies invade France.
Complete defeat of Napoleon.
The Prussians occupy the French capital.
Treaty of Paris.
1815 Congress of Vienna; Germanic Confederation formed.
Prussia enters the Holy Alliance.
1817 Establishment of the Ministry of Education.
1818 Formation of the Prussian Zollverein.
1819 Congress of Carlsbad. Death of Marshal
Blucher, Sept. 12.
1840 Accession of Frederick William IV., of
Prussia.
1844 Attempt to assassinate the King of Prussia.
1848 Revolution of 1848.
Berlin declared in a stage of siege, Nov.
12.
The Constituent Assembly meets in
Brandenburgh Castle, Nov. 29. The
King dissolves the Assembly, and issues a new Constitution, Dec. 5.
1849 The German National Assembly offer the
Imperial Crown of Germany to the
King of Prussia, March 28. He declines it, April 29.
Martial law declared throughout the
kingdom, May 10.
Occupation of Carlsruhe by the Prussians, June 23.
The revolution In Baden completely
crushed.
1850 The King takes the oath to the new Constitution, Feb. 6.
Attempt to assassinate the King, May 22.
Treaty of peace with Denmark.
Prussia refuses to join the restricted Diet
of Frankfort.
Prussia warns Austria of her intention
to uphold the Constitution in HesseCassel, Sept. 21.
The Prussian army occupies Hesse, Nov.
12.
The Prussian troops withdraw from Baden, Nov. 14.
The Convention of Olmutz removes the
cause of the trouble, and restores peace
to Germany, Nov. 29.
1851 Visit of the King to Russia.
1852 The King re-establishes the Council of
the state as it existed prior to 1848.
1853 Plot against the government discovered
in Berlin.
1854 Wavering policy of the government respecting the Eastern question.
Prussia remains neutral in the Crimean
war.
Prussia enters into treaty with Austria.
1855 Prussia not allowed to take part in the
Conference at Vienna.
1856 Takes part in the Conference at Paris.
Crown Prince becomes Regent in Prussia.
Quarrel with Switzerland about Neufchatel.
Prussia relinquishes her claim for a pecuniary compensation.
1857 Serious illness of the King.
The Prince of Prussia, Emperor William
I., made Regent.
1858 Prince Frederick William, son of the
Crown Prince, married to the Princess
Royal of England.
1859 Franco-Italian war.
Prussia remains neutral, but threatening.
1860 Federal Diet maintains Hesse-Cassel
Constitution against Prussia.
1861 William I. becomes king upon the death
of his brother, Frederick William IV.,
Jan. 2.
National Association meets at Heidsl-; berg.
Becher, a Leipzig student, attempts to
assassinate the King.
The King and Queen crowned at Konigs16 berg.
1862 The National Assembly at Berlbi declares
in favor of unification.
The government defeated in the elections.
Count Bismarck Schonhausen made Premier. The Chamber informed by him
that the Budget is deferred until 1863;
protest of the deputies against this as
unconstitutional, Sept. 30.
The Budget passed by the Chamber of
Peers without the amendment of the
Chamber.
The Chamber declares the act of the
Peers unconstitutional, Oct. 11.
Close of the session of the Chambers by
the King, Oct. 13.
1863 Continuation of the quarrel between the
Government and the Chamber.
The King closes the session a second
time, and resolves to govern without
a Parliament, May 27.
1863 Severe restrictions imposed upon the
press, June 1.
The Crown Prince disavows participa-'
tion in the recent action of the ministry, June 5; decree recalled.
1864 War with Denmark about the Danish
duchies.
Holstein invaded by Prussia.
Denmark ports blockaded.
Denmark forced to give up the duchies,
and make peace.
Treaty signed, Oct. 30.
1865 Quarrel between the government and the
Chamber of Deputies over the army
budget.
The budget being rejected the king prorogues the parliament, and declares
he will rule without it.
The King arbitrarily seizes and disposes
of the revenue, July 5.
Convention of Gastein.
Bismarck visits Napoleon III., at Paris.
1866 The Diet demands the surrender of
Holstein by Prussia and Austria, which
they refuse.
Prussian treaty with Belgium.
Attempt on Bismarck's life, May 7.
War with. Austria and her allies.
Battle of Sadowa, total defeat of Austrians.
Treaty of peace with several' German
states and Austria.
Formation of the North German Confederation, under the leadership of Prussia.
Hanover awn.nexed to Prussia.
1867 Extraordinary session of the Prussian
Diet.
First meeting of the new German Parliament.
1868 Prussia passes the Rhine navigation
treaty.
1870 France declares war against Prussia.
Prussia receives the support of German
States.
France invaded by the German army un

der command of King William, of Prussin.
(See Germany and France.)
The king of Prussia elected Emperor of
Germany.
1871 King William proclaimed Emperor of
Germany and crowned at Versailles,
Jan. 18.
Trouble with the Roman Catholic clergy.
1872 Creation of the new peers by the government to carry its measures in parliament.
1873 Troubles with the Roman Catholic bishops. The stamp Tax.
1874 Troubles with the Roman Catholic bishops.
The Old Catholic bishops given salaries
by the government.
Attempt to assassinate Bismarck, July
13.
1875 Conference of the Roman Catholic bishops at Fulda.
Religious agitation in Prussia.
Government aid withdrawn from Catholic clergy.
New Constitution adopted by the Protestant State Church.
1876 The German made the official language
in Prussian Poland.
Deposition of Catholic bishops in Munster and Cologne.
Great inundations in Prussia.
(See Germany.)
Great Britain and Ireland
1765 American Stamp Act passed, March 22.
Death of the Pretender, at Rome.
Percy's Reliques published.
1766 Birth of Isaac Disraeli; died 1848.
1768 Bruce's travels.
Academy of arts founded.
1769 Letters of Junius.
Watt's engine.
Arkwright's Jenny.
Birth of the painter, Lawrence; died 1830.
1770 Lord North's ministry.
Cook's voyages in the South Sea.
1771 English debates reported.
Birth of Sir Walter Scott; died 1832.
1772 Warren Hastings in India.
1774 Suicide of Lord Clive.
1775 Commencement of the American Revolution; (see United States.)
Birth of Charles Lamb; died 1835.
1776 "Wealth of Nations" decline and fall.
1777 Royal Marriage Act.
Birth of T. Campbell; died 1844.
1778 Death of the Earl of Chatham.
Relief bill for Irish Catholics passed.
Birth of H. Hallam; died 1859.
1779 Rodney's victories.
Eliot at Gibraltar.
1780 Lord George Gordon's "No Popery" riots,
in London.
Birth of Channing; died 1842.
1781 Trial and acquittal of Gordon.
1782 England acknowledges the independence
of the United States, Nov. 30.
Lord Rockingham's second ministry.
Grattan's Irish Constitution.
1783 Coalition ministry.
England wars with Tippoo-Saib.
1784 Settlement of Upper Canada.
Birth of Sheridan Knowles; died 1862.
1785 Birth of De Quincey; died 1860.
1786 Attempted assassination of the King by
Margaret Nicholson, (insane).
Birth of Dr. Chalmers; died 1842.
1788 Trial of Warren Hastings.
Birth of Lord Byron; died 1824.
London Times founded.
Birth of Sir H. Davy; died 1829.
1790 Boswell's Johnson published.
1791 Birmingham riots.
Paine and "People's Friend."
1792 First coalition against France.
1793 England begins war with France.
1794 Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act.
English expedition to Dunkirk; Lord
Howe's victory over the French fleet.
1795 Acquittal of Warren Hastings, April 23.
Birth of Carlisle; died 1881.
Cape of Good Hope doubled.
Prince of Wales marries Caroline of
Brunswick.
Orange clubs formed in London.
1796 England takes the Spice Islands.
Birth of Princess Charlotte.
1797 Cash payments suspended, Feb. 27.
Death of Edmund Burke, July 29.
"The Anti-Jacobin."

i 1798 Battle of the Nile; great victory of
Lord Nelson over the French fleet.
Habeas Corpus Act again suspended.
Sidney Smith at Acre.
Great Irish rebellion; defeat of the
Irish.
Battle of Kilcullen, May 23.
Battle of Antrim; victory of the English.
1799 Irish rebellion completely suppressed.
1800 Hatfield attempts to assassinate the
King.
Malta taken.
Birth of Lord Macaulay; died 1859.
1801 Union of Great Britain and Ireland.
Nelson's victory at Copenhagen.
Habeas Corpus again suspended, April 19.
Peace of Amiens, Oct. 1.
1802 Birth of Landseer, painter; died 1873.
i 1803 War declared against France.
Mahratta India War.
Emmet's insurrection in Ireland.
Execution of Emmet, Sept. 20.
1805 Battle of Trafalgar, Oct. 21; victory and
death of Nelson.
Birth of Lord Beaconsfield.
1806 Birth of William E. Gladstone.
Deaths of William Pitt and Charles
James Fox.
I 1807 Orders in Council against the Berlin
Decree, Jan. 7.
The African slave trade abolished,
March 25.
Death of Cardinal Henry Stuart, claimant of the English Crown.
1809 Wellesley passes the Duro.
Battle of Corunna, Jan. 16.
"Quarterly Review" founded.
Impeachment of the Duke of York.
Walcheren expedition, August.
Death of Sir John Moore.
Investigation into conduct of Princess
Caroline.
Birth of C. Darwin; died 1882.
Birth of Alfred Tennyson.
1810 The King declared insane, Nov. 3.
Great financial crisis.
Irish agitation for repeal of the union.
1811 The Prince of Wales declared Regent,
Feb. 5.
Suddite riots, Nov.
The Roman Catholic Board formed by
Daniel O'Connell, Dec. 26.
Birth of William M. Thackeray. Died
1863.
1812 English storm Ciudad, Rodirgo and
Badajos.
Lord Liverpool Premier.
Assassination of Mr. Percival, the Prime,Minister, by Bellingham, in the House.
Beginning of the second war with the
United. States, June 18.
Birth of Charles Dickens; died 1870.
Birth of Robert Browning.
1814 Peace with France.
Peace with the United States.
Birth of Charles Reade.
Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 14.
1815 France renews war with the allies.
Battle of Waterloo, and final overthrow
of Napoleon I.,- June 18.
Peace with France.
Insurrection in Tipperary, Ireland.
Princess Charlotte marries Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg.

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1816 Agricultural and Weaver riots.

1816 Agricultural and Weaver riots.
1817 Specie payments resumed.
Habeas Corpus act again suspended.
Death of Princess Charlotte, Nov. 6.
Trial of Lord Howe and acquittal.
1818 Birth of J. Anthony Froude.
1819 Queen Victoria born. May 24.
Peel's Currency Act.
Birth of Ruskin.
1820 Death of George III., Jan. 29.
Cato Street conspiracy discovered2 Feb.
20.
Trial of Queen Caroline.
Birth of Herbert Spencer.
Birth of GQeorge McDonaud.
Death of Queen Caroline, Aug. 7.
Great outrages in Ireland.
1821 George IV. crowned, July 19.
1822 King George IV. visits Scotland.
"Whiteboy" outrages in Ireland.
Suicide of Castlereagh.
1823 First Mechanics' Institute held.
Agitation about tests and corporation
acts.
1824 English-Burmese war.
Death of Lord Byron in Greece.
1825 The great commercial crisis.
First railroad in England.
Thames tunnel commenced.
Birth of Wilkie Collins.
1827 Lord Canning Prime Minister.
Lord Palmerston Foreign Secretary.
1828 Battle of Navarino.
The allies defeat thetTurkish and Egyptian fleets.
1829 Roman Catholic Relief Bill passed, April
13.
Great Riots in London.
1830 Death of George IV.
William IV. mounts the throne, June 26.
Ministry of the Duke of Wellington.
Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester
railway.
1831 The new London bridge opened.
The reform bill rejected by the Lords,
ROct. 7.
Riots in Bristol, Oct. 29.
Earl Grey's ministry.
1832 Passage of the English Reform Bill,
June 1.
Death of Sir Walter Scott, Sept. 2.
Passage of the Irish Reform Bill, Aug. 7.
1834 Slavery ceases in the colonies.
Trades union and repeal riots.
Lord Melbourne's ministry.
1835 Corporation Reform Act passed, Sept. 9.
Sir Walter Peel Prime Minister.
1837 Death of William IV.
Victoria succeeds to the throne, June 20.
Hanover-separated from Great Britain.
1838 Queen Victoria crowned, June 28.
Irish Poor Law bill passed, July 31.
Viscount Melbourne's ministry.
1839 England at war with China.
Assassination of Lord Northbury in.reland.
1840 Penny postage inaugurated.
The 'Queen marries Prince Albert of
Saxe-Coburg, Feb. 10.
Oxford's assault on the Queen, June 10.
1841 Birth of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales,
Nov. 10.
Ministry of Sir Robert Peel.
1842 John Francis attempts to kill the Queen,
May 20; a second attempt by Bean,
June 3.
Income tax establishede Aug.
Peace with China, Dec.
1843 Queen Victoria visits France.
1844 The Emperor of Russia and King of the
French visit England.
Trial of O'Donnell, at Dublin, for sedition, his conviction, fine and imprisonpiment, and subsequent release from
prison, Sept.
1845 Sir Robert Peel's new tariff.
Great famine in Ireland.
Puseyite or Tractirian controversy.
Anti-corn law agitation.
Great railroad speculations.
1846 Repeal of the cornclaws, June 26.
Great commercial panic.
Food riotsrin Tipperary.
Russell forms new ministry.
1847 Death of O'Connell, May 15.
$50,000,000 expended by the government
for relief of Irish sufferers.
1848 ChaIrtist demon, haddns in London.
Irish rebellion, headed by Smitho
O'Brien, Meagher, and others, suppressed, and the leaders condemned
to death, Oct. 9.
Cholera in Ireland.
1849 Sentence of Irish insurgents commuted
to transportatione
Irish Encumbered Estates Act passed.
Cholera reappears in England.
The Queen visits Ireland.
1850 Death of Sir Robert Peel, and the Duke
of Cambridge.
Pate assaults the Queen.
1 1851 The first "Great Exhibition" opened,

May 1.
First gold arrives from Australia.
1852 Death of Wellington, Sept. 14.
Great riots in Belfast.
Aberdeen becomes Prime Minister.
1853 English and French fleets enter the
Bosphorus, Oct. 22.
Protocol between England, Austria,
France and Prussia signed, Dec. 5.
1854 Alliance between England, France, and
Turkey, March 12.
War declared against Russia, March 28.
Crystal Palace opened by the Queen.
June 10.
'Treaty with the United States, regarding
fishery claims.
1855 Resignation of the Aberdeen ministry,
Jan. 2.
Lord Palmerston appointed Prime Minister.
Visit of the Emperor and Empress of
France to England.
The Queen and Prince Albert visit
France.
1856 Peace with Russia proclaimed, April 19.
War with China (q. v.)
England at war with Persia.
Herat taken by Persians, Oct. 25.
English take Bushire, Dec. 10.
1857 Beginning of the Indian mutiny (see India).
Great commercial panic; it is relieved
by the suspension of the Bank Charter Act of 1844.
Persian war closed by treaty of Teheran.
Herat restored.
1858 Marriage of the Princess Royal to Prince
Frederick William of Prussia, Jan. 25.
Derby-Disraeli ministry formed, Feb. 26.
Jewish disabilities removed, July 23.
The Conspiracy and Volunteer bills
passed.
The India Bill passed, Aug. 2.
The government of the East India Company ceases, Sept. 1.
1859 England declares her neutrality in the
Austro-Itallan war.
Derby ministry defeated on the reform
bill.
Organization of volunteer forces.
Palmerston-Russell ministry formed
June 18.
Lord Palmerston resigns and returns.
Lord Stanley Secretary for India.
1860 Commercial treaty with France.
Peace effected with China, Oct. 24.
The Prince of Wales visits the United
States and Canada.
1861 Death of the Duchess of Kent, the
Queen's mother.
Complications with the United States
over the seizure of Messrs. Mason and
Slidell, from a British mail steamer by
the U. S. steamer "San Jacinto," Nov.
8. They are released by the U. S. government, Dec. 28.
Death of Albert the Prince Consort, Dec.
14.
The Queen proclaims neutrality in American war.

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Copyright, 1896, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.