Standard atlas of Ionia County, Michigan : including a plat book of the villages, cities and townships of the county...patrons directory, reference business directory... / compiled and published by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.

---SUPPLEMENT XII.
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ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.;*

_ __ ____ I~_

A.o D.
395 Au-ustine made Bishop of Hippo (died
43).
Alaric in Greece.
Stilicho attains chief power under Honorius.
396 The Britons ask aid of -onorius against
the Picts and Scots.
397 Deaths of Martin of Tours and Ambrose
of Milan.
393 Chrysostom Bishop of Constantinople
(died 407).
400 Alaric ravages Italy.
403 Battle of Pollentia.
Defeat of Alaric by Stilicho.
406 The Vandals, Alani and Suevi invade
Spain.
409 The Roman legions recalled from Britain;
final withdrawal about 418..410 Sack of Rome by Alaric.
Death of Alaric.
Pelagius begins to preach about this time.
412 Proclus the philosopher born (died 485).
414 Mlarriage of Ataulphus, King of the
Goths, to Piacida, daughter of Theodosius the Great.
Persecution of the Christians in Persia
begins; lasts thirty years.
420 Death of.St. Jerome.
Orosius, the Spanish presbyter and historian, flourished.
423 Death of Honorius at Ravenna.
425 Administration' of Etius begins, lasting
about thirty years.
The Traveler's Song published.
428 Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople,
banished (435).
429 The Vandals under Genseric invade Africa.
Death of Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia.
431 Third General Council held at Ephesus.
432 St. Patrick arrives in Ireland.
433 Attila King of the Huns.
438 Theodosian code published.
439 The Vandals surprise Carthage.
440 Leo I. (the Great) Bishop of Rome.
442 Treaty of peace between Valentinian and
Genseric.
Attila in Thrace and Macedonia.
-446 Messages of the Britons to Etius for aid
against the Saxons.
447 'Attila ravages the Eastern Empire.
Theodosius concludes a treaty with Attila.
449 The Robber-Council of Ephesus.
Landing of the English in Britain.
Hengist and Horsa in Kent.
450 Death of Theodosius II.
451 Invasion of Gaul by Attila.
Victory of Etius at Chalons.
Fourth General Council held at ChalceSdon.
Monophysite controversy begins.
452 Invasion of Italy by Attila.
Venice founded.
453 Death of Attila. Dissolution of his empire.
454 St. Patrick fixes his see at Armagh.
155 Sack of Rome by Genseric.
Intercession of Leo.
457 Hengist founds the Kingdom of Kent.
460 The epic poem of Beowulf (?).
461-'67 Rule of Ricimer.
Severus nominal Emperor.
462-'72 Conquests of the Visigoths in Spain
and Gaul.
465 Great fire at Constantinople.
S470 Birth of Boethius (died 526).
475 Romulus Augustulus Emperor of the
West (banished 476).
476 Odoacer captures and sacks Rome and
becomes King of Italy.
Succession of Western Emperors ends.
Close of the period of Ancient History.
Medieval History
476 Establishment of the Kingdom of the
Franks.
477 Second Saxon invasion of Britain.
480 Birth of St. Benedict (died 543).
481 Clovis I. (Merovingian) reigns in Be-lgic
Gaul.
485 Proclus, philosopher, died.
486 Battle of Soissons.
Clovius I. defeats the Gauls.
489 Ostrogoths invade Italy.
491 Ella founds the Kingdom of Sussex.
493 Theodoric establishes the Ostrogothic
Kingdom of Italy, South Germany and
Hungary, capital at Ravenna.

495 Third Saxon invasion of Britain.
Cerdic founds the Kingdom of Wessex.
496 Clovis of France embraces Christianity.
501 Law-s of Burgundy published.
502 Charbades, the Persian, ravages the
Greek Empire.
503 Fergus lands in Scotland from Ireland.
506-'42 The famous King Arthur said to reign
in England.
507 Clovis, having conquered the country
from the Pyrenees to the Loire, founds
thed Kingdom of all Franks.
510 Clovis makes Paris the capital of the
F ranks.
-11 Salic Law established by Clovis in
France.
Division of the monarchy between Clovis'
four sons.
5i4 Vitalianus, the Goth, besieges Constantinuploe.
519 Cerdic founds the Kingdom of Wessex
in Britain.
527 Justinian I. becomes Emperor of Rome.
Fourth Saxon invasion of Britain, Essex.
founded.
529 Justinian Code published.
534 Belisarius conquers ZAfria.a
538 The Franks appear in Italy.
539 Italy made subject to Belisarius.- Goths
ravage Milan.
544 Birth of Gregory of Tours (died 590).
545 The Turks enter Asia.
547 'Northumbria -founded in Britain.
550 The Angles form the I-Heptarchy Anglia,
Deira Mercia, etc.
552 Totila. the Ostrogotb, defeated in Italy
by the imperial generals Narses and
Belisarius.
554 Narses overthrows Gothic power in Italy.
558 Clotaire sole ruler in France.
560 Fergus Moor II. of Scotland (?).
561 Death of Clotaire. His four sons divide
the kingdom between them.
562 St. Colomba lands in Scotland.
563 Constantinople destroyed by fire.
564 History of Gildas (?).
565 Death of Justinian I. Ethelbert becomes
King of Kent.
568 Italy invaded by the Longobardi from
Germany, who found the Kingdom of
Lombardy. Narses governor of Italy.
570 Birth of Mohammed (died 632).
577 Battle of Durham; West-Saxons defeat
the Britons.
'581 Paris mostly destroyed by fire.
Sclavonians ravage Thrace.
584 Franks invade Italy and are repelled.
The Mayors of the palace the real rulers in France.
586 Kingdom of Mercia founded in Britain.
587 Franks expelled from Spain by Recared I. -
590 Gregory I., the Great, becomes Pope.
595 The Lombards besiege Rome and overrun
Italy.
597 St. Augustine arrives in England.
598 Ethelbert, King of Kent, embraces Christianity.
600 Italy ravaged by Sclavonians,
603 Scots invade Bernicia; are driven back.
611 The Persians make conquests in Syria,
Egypt, and Asia Minor,/and besiege
Rome.

A. D.
612 Jews persecuted in Spain.
613 Clotaire II. King of France.
614 Jerusalem captured by Persians.
622 Mohammed secretly leaves Mecca and enters Medina.
The Hegira or Arab emigration-not
flight as commonly translated.
628 Dagobert, the "Solomon of the Franks,"
becomes King.
Revises and publishes the Salic and Riparian Laws.
630 Mohammed re-enters Mecca; installed as
prince and prophet.
632 Death of Mohammed.
His religion spreads through Persia.
634 The Koran published.
638 Syria occupied by Saracens.
Clovis II., son of Dagobert, King of
France,
639 Omar institutes the new Moslem Calendar.
640 Alexandrian Library burnt.
642 In Britain the Mercians defeat the Bernicians.
653 Rhodes taken by the Saracens.
656 Clotaire III. becomes King of France.
662 In Italy, Constans II., Emperor of the
East, is defeated by the Lombards.
668 Constantinople besieged by Saracens.
672 Saracens driven from Spain.
672-'77 Wamba's "good reign" in Spain.
678 Cadwallader, the last king of the Britons,
reigns.
Bulgarians occupy Bulgaria, in Northern
Greece.
681 Mebrouin, last of the Merovingians, assassinated.
685 Saxons drive Britons into Wales and
Cornwall.
687 Sussex united to Wessex.
In France, Pepin defeats Thierry.
694 Kent devastated by West Saxons.
697 Anafesto becomes the first Doge of Venice.
709 The Saracens inviteg into Spain to overthrow King Roderick.
711 The Saracens cross from Africa to Spain.
The Bulgarians ravage the Eastern Empire.
712 The Gothic Kingdom of Spain overthrown
by the Arabs.
Establishment of the Saracen kingdom
of Cordova.
714 Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and
real ruler of France.
716 Independent Gothic Monarchy founded in
the Asturias.
718 Leon and Asturias formed into a Kingdom.by Pelays, who checks the conquests of the Saracens in Spain.
720 The Saracens are defeated at Constantinople.
Charles Martel created Duke of France.
The Saracens, invade France.
730 Pope Gregory excommunicates the Emperor Leo.
732 Battle of Tours, or Poitiers; crushing defeat of the Saracens by the Franks.
739 Charles Martel conquers Provence.
746 Slavic settlements in Grecian Peloponnesus.
747 Carlomnan of France abdicates.
752 Pepin, the Short, son of Charles Martel,
becomes King of France.
754 Pepin gives Ravenna to the Pope.
755 Insurrection in Mercia, Britain.
Abderahman I. becomes King of Cordova.
756 Pepin annexes Ravenna to the See of
Rome.
760 Insurrection of Toledo.
768 Death of Pepin, who is succeeded by his
two sons, Charlemagne and Carloman,
who rule in France and Germany.
771 Charlemagne rules alone.
772-'85 Charlemagne, after a severe struggle,
conquers the Saxons; they embrace
Christianity.
774 Charlemagne annexes Italy after conquering the Lombards.
778 Battle of Roncesvalles.
Beginning of the age of chivalry.
Charlemagne unsuccessfully invades
Spain.
785 Saxons, subdued by Charlemagne, become Christians.
787 The Danes land in England.
791-'96 Charlemagne establishes the Margraviate of Austria.
Reign of Alfonso, the Chaste, in Spain;
independence of Christians established.
799 The Avars subdued by Charlemagne.
800 Charlemagne crowned at Rome; becomes Emperor of the West by Pope
Leo III.
802 Ruric, the Norman, establishes the first
regular government in Russia at Novgorod, and becomes grand duke.
807 WVar between Slaves and Polyponnesian
Greeks.

814 Louis I., Emperor, dethroned, but restored to his dominions.
817 Louis, the German (France), conquers
Austria.
820 Michael II. of the Byzantine Empire
founds the Armorian dynasty.
823 In England, Essex (and, two years later,
ýKent and Northumbria) are annexed to
WVessex.
825 The Servians occupy Dalmatia.
827 The Saxon Heptarchy ends and Egbert,
king of Wessex, becomes king of all
England.
830 Louis the Debonair imprisoned in France.
839-'40 Louis separates Germany from
France.
840 Charles the Bald King of France.
841 German princes assert their independence.
844 Treaty of Verdun; the sons of Louis divide the empire.
Spain ravaged by the Northmen.
846 The Saracens sack Rome.
848 Brittany becomes independent.
850 Russian monarchy established by Ruric.
850(?) Scots and Picts united under Kenneth.
851 Northmen pillage France.
865 Russians attack Constantinople.
867 Bassillian Dynasty founded at Constantinople, '
869 Ecumenical Council of Constantinople.
(Latin Church.)
871 The Danes defeat Alfred at battle of Merton.
873 Kingdom of Navarre founded by SanehoIuigo.
875 Charles, the Bald, becomes Emperor; is
poisoned by Zedechias, a Jewish physician.
875-1154 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
877 Louis II. King of France.
87" Alfred the Great driven from England.
879 Eeumenical Council. of Constantinople.
(Gj:-.ek- Church.)
881 Danes ivage Scotland.
888 Paris attacked by Northmen.
890 Italy subjected to the Eastern Empire.
Alfred of England founds Oxford, and
establishes a code of laws; organizes
militia and a navy; subdivides the
country and causes surveys of the Kingdom.
895 Alfred's translations.
896 The Germans, under Arnold, seize Rome.
Alfred of England vanquishes the Danes.
901 Death of Alfred the Great.
904 Russia invades Greek Empire under
Oleg.
907 The Russians receive tribute from Constantinople..
910 Asser's'life of Alfred written.
911 Death of Louis the Child, last of the
German Carolingians.
912 Rollo the Northman becomes Robert,
Duke of Normandy.
918-'34 Henry I. the Fowler, reigns in Germany; conquers the Huns, Danes, Vandals, and Bohemians.
921 Italy invaded by the Burgundians.
928 Five Emperors rule.the Byzantine Empire...."-'~s Scotland.
iany.defeats the Danes.

-A. D.
936 Otho the Great in Germany.
937 Athelstan wins a great victory over the
Danes, Scots, etc., and.becomes first
King of England.
939 Louis IV. of France subdues Hugh Capet, Count of Paris.
944 Malcolm I. in Scotland.
951 Otho invades Italy.
962 Otho the Great becomes Emperor of the
West;' Italy and Germany united.
978 Otho II. invades France.
979 Assassination of Edward,.the Martyr, of
England.
982 Battle of Basientello; Otho III. of Germany defeated by Greeks and Saracenso
987 Hugh Capet becomes King of France.
988 Vladimir marries Annie, sister of Basil
II. of Russia, and embraces Christianity.
995 Elfric's Homilies.
996 Otho III. makes the German Emperor
elective.
Paris made the Capital of all France.
997 Death 9f St. Adelbert, who first intro-, duced Christianity into Prussia.
999 Gerbert, Silvester II. Pope.
11'00 Genoa, Italy, becomes rich and powerful.
1002 Massacre of Danes in England by Ethelred.
Reign of Robert II. in Burgundy.
1003 Sweyn, King of Denmark, avenges the
massacre.
Ethelred flees to Normandy.
Malcolm IIL King of Scotland.
1013 Sweyn conquers England.
1014 Battle of Zetunium; Basil II. of Constantinople defeats the Bulgarians.
1015 Vladimir I. dies; Russia is divided.
1016 Ethelred dies; Edmund Ironsides and
Canute divide England.
Italy invaded by Northmen.
Expulsion of Saracens.
1017 Canute, the Dane, becomes King of all
England.
1019 The MI.oors enter Spain.
1026 Sancho II. of Navarre founds the Kingdomn of Castile.
1035 Arragn becomes a Kingdom under Ramirez I.
1037 Union of Leon and Austria with Castile.
1039 Duncan I. of-Scotland murdered by Macbeth.
1040 Sicily restored and Servia lost to the
Eastern Empire.
The Cid (Ruy Diaz) in Spain.
1041 Danes driven from Scotland.
1042 The Saxony Dynasty restored. Edward,
the Confessor, King of England.
Conquest of Bohemia by Henry III.
1043 Russians defeated before Constantinople.
1051 Rebellion of Godfrey in Kent.
1052 War of Roderigo, the Cid, with the
Moors.
1058 Moors expelled from Italy.
Macbeth defeated and slain.
Malcblm III. of Scotland.
1060' Philip I., the Fair, King of France.
Lambert of Herzfeld.
1065 Jerusalem captured by the Turks.
1066 William of Normandy invades England,
and wins the battle of Hastings.
Harold defeats the Norwegians, and is
crowned King of England, January 6.
Death of Harold.
William I., the Norman, crowned King,
December 25.
1070 The feudal system introduced in England.
1071 Norman Kingdom of the two Sicilies.
Hereward in the Isle of Ely.
1073 Hildebrand made Pope Gregory VII.
Gregory VII. establishes universal sovereignty of the papacy, and reforms
abuses in the Church.
Henry VI. of Germany disputes his title.
1075 Odericus Vitalis.
1076 Justice of the Peace appointed.
1077 Henry IV. submits and does penance.
1081 Italy invaded by the Germans.
1084 Henry IV. takes Rome.
The Pope flies to Salerno and dies there,
in i085.
Clement III. made Pope by Henry IV.
1086 Domesday Book completed in England;.
commenced in 1077.
-Burno founds Carthusians.
1087 William II. crowned King of England.
1088 Urban II. Pope.
1090 Mantua taken by Henry IV.
1091 The Saracens of Spain invite the African
Moors to their 'aid in driving back the
Christians.
The Moors defeat the Christians and seize
the Saracen possessions.
1095 Portugal becomes a separate principality
under Henry of Besancon.
William of Malmesbury.

1096 First Crusade begun.
Verse Edda compiled (?).
1098 War between France and England.
1099 Death of the Cid.
Jerusalem captured by Godfrey de Bouillon.
1100 Henry I. crowned King of England.
Grants a charter restoring the Saxon
laws.
1104 Crusaders capture Acre.
1106 Milan becomes a free republic.
Henry I. defeats his brother Robert, and
gains Normandy.
1107 Alexander I. Scotland.
1108 Louis VI. le gros (the Lusty) King of
France.
1110 Henry V. of Germany invades Italy.
1114 Henry V. marries Matilda of England.
1116 University of Bologna founded.
Euclid translated into English.
1119 Play of St. Catherine at Dunstable.
1120 Rise of the Lombard (Italy) cities.
Shipwreck of Prince William.
1122 Treaty of Worms, between the Emperor
and Pore.
1124 David I. King of Scotland.
1125 Era of the glory of Venice. Victories
over the Eastern Empire.
1132 Arnold of Brescia.
1135 Stephen. becomes King of England.
Henry's 'daughter, Maud, disputes the
Crr'--n~: "ivil war ensues.
Lou. T1. grants letters of franchise to
citi, ana towns., Empreso Maud's partisans defeated at
the battle of the Standard, Aug. '22.
i1 Portugal becomes a kingdom.
Maud lands in England, and defeats Stephen; is crown)ed at -Winchester, March
3, 1 4.7 -
1143 Moors i-ebe in Spain.
1.144 Alphonso of Leon defeats the Moors..
Wars of the Lombard cities.
1146 Second Crusade: Louis VII. of France
and Conrad III. of- Germany are defeated by Greek treachery, A. D. 1148.
Greece plundered by Roger of Sicily.
1147 Maud is defeated by Stephen, and retires
to France.
1150 Arthurian Legends published.
1152 Frederic Barbarossa made Emperor of
Germany.
1153 Maud concludes a peace with Stephen.
Malcolm IV. King of Scotland.
1154 Frederic Barbarossa invades Italy.
Henry II., King of England, the first
Plantagenet, crowned December 19.
Adrian IV. Pope.
Constitutions of Clarendon enacted in
England.
h156 Margraviate, Austria, made a hereditary
duchy- by Frederic I.
1161 War of Guelphs and Ghibellines.
1162 Barbarossa destroys Milan.
1163 Berlin founded by a colony from the
Netherlands.
1165 William the Lion, King of Scotland
1166 Assizes of Clarendon and Northan%.
1167 Frederic Barbarossa takes P
The Lombard League forni- yt
- Emperor.
1169 University of Paris founded.
1170 Thomas a Becket murdered in England
December 29.

C
1 I -

A. D.
1172 The Sultan Saladin makes great conquests in Asia.
Ireland conquered by the English.
1176 Battle of Legnano. Barbarcssa defeated
by the Lombard League.
Six circuits for the adriiniistra.ion of
justice established in England.
1180 Glanvil Chief Justice of England.
Philip II. (Augustus) King of Fraffnce.
1181 Glanvil makes a digest of English lavw.
1183 Eeace of Constance establishes the free
cities of Italy.
1185 Provinces of Amiens and Valois annexed
to France.
1187 Saladin seizes Jerusalem.
1189 Third Crusade by England, France and
k ermany.
binge of Acre begun.
Richard I. crowned in England, Sept. 3.
Terrible- massacre of Jews in London.
1190 Frederic 1. (Barbarossa), drowned.
Order of Teutonic Knights established.
Henry V. invades Italy.
University of Oxford founded.
1191 Richard I. joins the Crusades.
Acre captured.
Jerusalem opened to pilgrim.
Kingdom of Cyprus founded.
Artois annexed to France.
1192 Richard I., Coeu'r de Lion, made prisoner
in Germany by Henry IV.; ransomed
(1194) for ~400,000.
Richard defeats Saladin.
1198 Innocent IIl. Pope.
1199 John becomes King of England, May 27.
1200 University of Salamanca founded.
1202 Fourth Crusade; capture of Zora.
1203 Constantinople besieged and captured by
the Crusaders.
1204 Normandy lost to England.
Latins possess and divide Greece.
1207 Albigensian Crusade.
1208 Otho crowned Emperor of Germany at
Rome.
England interdicted by the Pope.
1209 French Crusade against the Albegeoise.
Inquisition established.
1210 War between Venice and Genoa.
1213 Battle of Muret; defeat of Albigenses.
Interdict of England removed.
1214 Alexander II. of Scotland.
French defeat Germans at Bouvines.
1215 Magna Charta signed at Runnymede,
June 15; confirmed and renewed 30
timnes.
Birth of Roger Bacon (died 1292).
1216 Henry III. becomes King of England,. October 28.
1217 Fifth Crusade by Germans and Hun.
garians.
1220 Frederick II. becomes Emperor of Italy.
1222 Matthew Paris born.
The Teutonic Knights undertake the conquest of Poland.
1223 Tartars conquer a large pal of Russia.
Louis VIII. King of France.
1224 Louis frees his serfs.
1226 St. Louis becomes King Louis IXo of
France.
1227 Gregory IX. Pope.
1228 Sixth Crusade; Frederick II. at Acre.
1229 The Inquisition begun.
1229 Ten vears' truce with the Sul'an.
Jerusalem restored to the Christians.
Frederick crowned King of Jerusalem.
Albigenses defeated in France.
1231 University of Cambridge founded.
1232 Fall of Hubert de Burgh.
1233 Wars between Castile and Moors, and
capture of Cordova, Seville, Toledo, and
other cities by Ferdinand III.
1235 The Mongolians invade Russia.
1236 War between the Emperor and the Lombard League.
1237 The Grand Duke Juric (Russia) slain in
battle.
1238 Moorish Kingdom of Grenada founded
by Mohammed I.
1239 Seventh Crusade, by Thibaud, Count of
Champagne.
124[ Prose Edda.
1242 Tartars establish the empire of Kahn of
*Ka tschak.
1244 Jerusalem seized by the Carismians.
Danes invade Russia, and are defeated by
Alexander Newski.
1245 The Hanseatic League formed.
1246 Frederick II. of Austria killed in battle
with the Hungarians.
1250 Louis defeats King Henry of England.
Louis captured by the Saracens; truce
for ten years.
Mamelukes rule Egypt.
1251 Rise of Medica family in Italy.
1252 Alexander Newski is made Grand Duke
of Russia, and reigns as Alexander I.
1254, Ottocar of Bohemia acquires the Austrian Provinces.
1259 Kubia Kahn builds Pekin.
1260 Ottocar wars with L ungary ov'er Styria.,
1262-'68 Barons' War. in Fnl;!and.

1263 Ottocar inherits Corinthia.
1265 The first regular Parliaminent of England
meets.
Birth of Dante; died 1321.
1266 Naples and Sicily conquered by Charles
of Anjou.
1268 Ninth Crusade, by Louis IX. and Ed-.ward, Prince of Wales.
1270 Louis IX. dies at Carthage.Philip III. (the Hardy) King of France.
1271 The English quit Palestine.
1272 Reign of Edward I, of England;
crowned Nov. 20.
Ottocar declines the Imperial Crown of
Germany.
1273 Randolph, Count of Hapsburg, chosen
Emperor of Germany.; Ottocar refuses
to acknowledge him.
1274 Navarre passes to the royal family cf
France.
Rudolph makes war upon Ottocar, and
gains Austria, Corinthia and Styria.
1275 Wars of Robert Bruce and John Baliol
for the crown of Scotland.
1276 House'of Hapsburg, of Austria, founded.
1277 Rule of the Visconti, Milan.
1278 Ottocar slain at the battle of Marchfeld.
1282 Sicilian Vespers, massacre of Sicilians
by the French.
Crusade against Aragon; the French expelled.
1283 Wales subjected to England.
1285 Philip IV. (the Fair) King of France.
1286 Kenigsberg made the capital of Prussia.
1287 Jews banished from England.
1288 Nicholas IV. Pope1289 Second invasion of the Mvongols.
1291 Mamelukes take Acre.
S Christian power in Syria destroyed.
1296 Scotland subdued by England.
1297 Sir William Wallace fights for the independence of Scotland.
Revolt of Scotland.
1299 Battle of Falkirk; Bruce and Douglas
defeated by Edward I.
Osman I. establishes the Turkish Empire.
1300 Moscow becomes the capital of Russia.
1301 Philip IV. quarrels with the Pope.
Charles of Valois in Italy.
1302 First convocation of States-General in
France.
1303 Edward I. invades Scotland.
S1305 William Wallace executed.
1306 Robert Bruce crowned as King of Scotland.
1307 Edward I1. crowned, July 8, King of
England.
1307-'14 Philip suppresses the Knights Templar, and burns the Grand Master at
Paris.
1~- 1pe Clement V. removes to Avignon, in
'ranee,
't I., of Austria, attempts to sub- he Swiss, who have revolted under William Tell. (?)
-109 The Swiss revolt successful.
r31-O Henry VII. subdues the Lombards.
1313 Louis V. and Frederick of Austria contend for the German Empire.
Birth of Boccaccio; died 1375.

A. D.

1314 Battle of Bannockburn; the Scots, under Robert Bruce, defeat the English
under Edward.
Louis IV. King of Germany.
Union of France and Navarre.
1315-'25 Insurrection of English Barons.
The Swiss totally defeat the Austrians at
MTorgarten.
1316 John I., a posthumous son of Louis X.,
King, dies at the age of four days.
Philip II. (the Long) King of France.
1321 Death of Dante.
1322 Battle of Muehldorf; Louis V. defeats
Frederick.
Charles IV. King of France.
1324 Birth of John Wickliffe; died 1384.
1326 Germany invaded by Turks.
1327 Edward III. crowned, Jan. 25, King of
England.
Independence of Scotland.
200,000 Moors brought from Africa by the
King of Grenada.
1328 Charles the Fair, of France, dies; Philip
VI., of the House.of Valois, reigns,
Ivan I. rules Russia.
1329 David II. King of Scotland.
1333 The Scots defeated by Edward at Halidon Hill.
1337 War between France and Flanders.
Birth of Froissart; died 1401.
1339 First Doge of Genoa appointed.
1340 Birth of Gerhard GrooL; died 1380.
Battle of Tarifa in Spain; Moors terribly defeated by Alphonso XI., of Castile.
1346 Battle of Crecy; French, under Philip,
routed by the English, under Edward'
III., and the Black Prince.
Battle of Durbaln, in Scotland.
Battle of Neville's Cross.
1347 The English tal e Calais.
Rienzi, last of the Tribunes, establishes
a democracy in Rome.
1348 University of Prague founded.
1349 Dauphiny, annexed to France.
The black death in England.
1350 Order of the Garter insrituted by Edward and John II., King of France.
1352 Marino Fall.ero at Venice.
1353 Turks enter Greece.
1354 Rienzi slain at Rome.
1356 Battle of Poitiers, September 19; 8,000
English defeat 60,000 French; the
Black Prince takes John II. captive to
London, where he dies.
Charles IV., of Germany, signs the
Golden Bull, the basis of the German
Constitution until 1806.
1358 Insurrection of the Jacquerie in France.
1360 Peace of Bretigny, between English and
French.
1361 Italy overrun by the Free Lances.
Turks enter Greece.
1362 The English language ordered to be used
in legal proceedings, England.
1363 Austria acquires the Tyrol.
1364 Charles V. (the Wise) King of France.
Philip, the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.
Treaty between Austria and Bohemia.
1366 H. Van Eyck, painter, born.
1367 The Mamelukes conquer Armenia.
1369 Empire of Tamerlane founded.
Langland's "Piers Plowman."
1370 Pope Gregory XI. goes to Avignon.
1371 Stuart line begins with Robert IL of
Scotland.
1374 Death of Petrarch.
Rebellion against the Pope.
1375 Death of Boccaccio.
1377 Richard II King of England, June 22.
Papacy restored to Rome.
1380 Battle of the Don; Dimitri Ir., of Russia, defeats the Tartars.
Wyckliffe's translation of the Bible published.
Thomas A. Kempis born.
Russia wars with the Tartars.
Charles VI., King of France.
1381 Watt Tyler's- insurrection in London
crushed.
Ghiberti, artist, born; died 1455.
1382 "Legend of Good Women," England.
1383 The Tartars burn Moscow.
1385 Death of John Wycklffe.
1386 John of Ghaunt in Spain.
Battle of Lempach; defeat of the Austrians by the Swiss, and death of Duk(
Leopold.
1387 German Empire divided.
Fra Angelico, painter, born; died 1448.
1388 Battle of Chevy Chase, or Otterburne,
between Scots and English.
1389 Margaret of Norway.
1390 The Eastern Empire loses power in Asia.
Robert III. King of Scotland.
The Canterbury Tales published.
J. Van Eyck, painter, born.
1392 The Portuguese discover the Cape of
Good th ope.
1395 Tamerlane, the Tartar, invades Russia..The Wakefield and Towneley mysteries.

-1396 Battle of Nicopolis, the Turks, under Bajazet I., defeat the Hungarian Christians.
1397 Persecution of the Wycklifites or Lollards.
Union of Calmar.
1399 Henry IV. crowned King of England,
Se,_t. 30th; Order of the Bath founded.
1400 Birth of Della Robbia, architect and
sculptor.
Death of Chaucer and Froissart.
1401 Rebellion in Wales; Glendower "nd the
Percies defeated.
1402 Battle of Angora;- Timour the Tartar defeats the Turks and captures Bajazet I.
Masaccio, painter, born.
1405 Prince James of Scotland captured.
1406 Albany, regent, in Scotland.
1407 France interdicted by the Pope.,1409 Council of Pisa. Alexander V. made
Pope by council of Pisa.
1410 Sigism-und of Hungary becomes Emperor
of Germany.
1411 University of St. Andrews founded.
Battle of Harlaw; the Lowland defeat
the Highland Scots.
1412 Birth of Fra FilippDo Lippi, painter.
1413.Henry V. crowned, March 21, King of
England.
1414 Council of Constance; Pope John XXIII.
deposed.
Sigismund, Kiing of Bohemia, Emperor of
Germany.
1415 Battle of Agincourt; 10,000 English, under Henry V., defeat 50,000 French.
J'ohn!-uss and Jerome of Prague burned
at the sLake, betrayed by Sigismund.
1416 The partisans of Huss take up arms;
a severe war ensues.
1417 Cobham burnt.
1419 The Hussites take Prague.
1420 Paris captured by the English; Treaty
of Troyes; Henry wins the French
crown; birth of John Wessel.
1422 Henry VI. proclaimed King of France
and England.
Ottoman Empire reunited by Amurath I.
1423 James I. reigns in Scotland.
1425 War between Milan and Venice.
The Paston Letters.
1429 Joan of Arc raises siege of Orleans, defeats the English at Patay, and drives
them from all their conquests in
France except Calais.
Charles VIII. King of France.
1430 Henry VI. crowned at Paris, in December.
Amurath II. conquers Macedonia.
Humphrey Duke of Gloucester.
The Medici at Florence.
1431 Joan of Are burned at Rouen.
1433 Lisbon the capital -.f Portugal.
Council of Basle.
Birth of Thomas Malory.
1435 Treaty of Arras, between France and
Burgundy.
Sicily and Naples united.
End of Hussite wars.
War of Turks with Venice.
1436 Invention of Printing by Guttenberg.

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LCopyrlght.. l9uO, y uGeo, A. uOgle & Co.