Bowen's Michigan state atlas : containing a separate map of each county, showing section, township and range lines, railroad and interurban lines...with a historical sketch of each county...also containing maps of Michigan, the United States and the world.

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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIGAN
R. C. ALLEN, STATE GEOLOGIST
IN COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GEORGE OTIS.SMITH, DIRECTOR

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*Stannard Rock

MAP OF THE
SURFACE FORMATIONS
OF THE
NORTHERN PENINSULAA. --- 2

Fourteen MIloP

II

OF MICHIGAN
BY FRANK LEYERETT, UNITED STATES GEOLOGIST

1911

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48 Above lake limits
Lake washed; clayey
Lake washed; sandy

Sandy to clayey loam
Sandy loam

LEGEND: ' oraines (rolling to gently undulating glacial deposits). Soil variable
within a short space, and ranging from heavy clay to loose gravelly
Smaterial. Usually fair to very good land.. Where moraines
are incompletely mapped query marks (??) are inserted.
', Plains with a mixed pebbly, and in places sandy clay (bowlder-clay
or till). Good clayey loam to sandy loam soil making largely
first rate, with some of it inclining to second rate farm land.
*r. -~?-i. Drumlins or oval-shaped bowlder-clay hills trending in the direction
S t of ice movement. Good soil for all kinds of crops.
Gravelly ridges (eskers) trending in the direction of ice movement.
ZIIZ Valuable for road ballast but very'limited in extent. Small ones
occur among the drumlins of Menominee County, and in morainic
belts in the western half of the peninsula.
IIII. Sand or gravel plains formed by waters escaping from the ice border.
This soil wil need intelligent cultivation to be highly productive.
Sandy plains not definitely associated with moraines or ice borders,
S~ and outside the glacial lakes. Light soil requiring intelligent
cultivation.
f~ I Sandy plains inside the limits of the glacial lakes. Light soil requiring
intelligent cultivation.
Lake clay areas. Excellent soil. Some areas need artificial drainage.
Areas with rock formations at surface or very slight depth. The rugged
areas are inferior for agricultural land although the soil is often
~.: J good. Areas not rugged are generally underlain by limestone,
_ sandstone or shale and well adapted to agriculture.

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Lake clay; thick
Rugged
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_ _ Lake Ontonagon shore. Approximate position.
- -- Lake Duluth shore. Accurate in the main.
---.- Lake Algonquin shore. Approximate position;
- - - Lake Nipi sing shore. Accurate in the main.
>2 4 Glacial striae on rock ledges showing direction of ice movement.
- Swamp areas requiring artificial drainage. Large areas may be re" u.... claimed by heavy ditching, and considerable portions by clearing
nas. '. -" of brush and a moderate amount of ditching.
60' Waterfalls with approximate fall in feet or computed horse power
-- 6,000 H. P. (incompletely mapped).

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Scale: i oooo1000000o
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48 Miles

Twin Islands -
2000 H.P':'.

Base by United States Geological Survey.
Glacial geology by Frank Leverett, assisted by geologists of
the Michigan Geological Survey, members of the United States
Department of Agriculture, and others.

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Title: Map of the Surface Formations of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan Keywords: Pigeon Pt; Gull I; Passage I; Blake Pt; Pigeon River; Lucille I; Hat Pt; Johns; Sleroyal; To Keweenaw County; Siskiwit Bay; Eagle Harbor; Eagle River; Delaware Mine; Vaudan; Phoenix; Cliff; Ojibway; Kew; Keweenaw; Gratiot Lake; Allouez; Mohawk; Kearsango; Copper City; Calumet; M R R R; Antrium; Gay; Osceola; Oskar; Boston; Lake Linden; Redridge; Gobbel; Torch Lake; Redridge; Mason; Traverse Pt; Freda; Hancock; Dollar Bay; Hohoaton; Mill Mine Junc; Atlantic Mine; Point Mills; Soitar Range; Portage Lake; Elm R.; Painesdale; Bassett; Carvers Bay; Copper Harbor; Manitou I; Fall 30 ft; LaBelle; Keweenaw Pt; Pt Isabelle; Stannard Rock; River; Falls 35 ft.; Montreal; Montreal; Bessemer Junc; Bessemer; Falls 30 ft; Wakefield; Ironwood; Gogebic; Fourteen Mile Pt; E. Sleeping River; Fire Steel R; Ontonagon; Gull Pt; Green; Seager; Woodspur; Ontonagon Middle Br.; Portage R; Greenland; Mass; Belt; Copper Range; Iron R.; Tolfree; Rockland; Chi; Biddle Junc; Range Junc; Victoria; Presque Isle Outlet; ONTONAGON; Bergland; East Br; Ballemine; Tula; Thomaston; Gogebic Lake; Matchwood; Duluth and N W; Ewen; South Br.; Brave Crossing; Paynesville; Romea; Choate; Roselawn; Trout Cr.; Cranberry R.; Misery R; Toivola; Duluth; Jacobsville; Pt Abbaye; Twin Lakes; Winona; Elm River; Askel; Tapiola; Elo; Arnheim; Keweenaw Bay; Keweenaw Bay; Huron Bay; Skanee; Huron R; Motley; Mineral Range; Hazel; Alston; Bellaire; Pelkie; Baraga; Assinins; Pequaming; Silver R.; White; Rubicon; Silver; Sturgeon River; Baraga; L'Anse; South Shore and Atlantic R. R.; Pari; Milw and St Paul R. R.; Frost Junc; Sturgeon River; Summit; Houghton; Covington; Vermilac; Redruth; Nestoria; Lake Michigamme; Michigamme; Beacon; South Shore; Trout Cr; Kefton; Sidnaw; Tunis; Perch R; Michigamme River; Huron Islands; Huron River Pt; Big Bay Pt; Big Bay; Lake Independence; Antlers; Marq. and S E R R; Birch; Granite I; Buckroe; Dead River; Pickerel Lake; Granite Pt; Presque Isle Pt; Falls 96 ft; Clowoy; Champion; Bagdan; Marquette; Laughing Fish Pt; Humboldt; Ishpeming; Winthrop; Negalimee; Palmen; Cascade; N W R R; Manguin; Gordon; Sand River; Harvey; Shot Pt; Onota; Rock River; Au Sable Pt; Grand Morins; Grand Portal; Grand; Beaver; Manistique; Train Pt; Munising; Ethel; Casino; Crisp Pt; Vermilion; Shelldrake R; Sucker Cr; Summit; Whelldrake; Falls 17 ft. with rapids 45 ft; Two Hearted R; State Road; Falls 40 ft.; Emerson; Liston; Luce; Whitefish Point; Parisian; Goulais Pt; Goulais Bay; White Fish Bay; Grosse Pt; Rapids 18 ft; Naomikong Pt; St Marys River; Sault Sainte Marie; Iroquois; Bay Mills; Hay Lake; Sugar Island; Dunham; Marenisco; Gogebic; chicago; Gogebic Sta; Robbins; Anb; Barclay; Calderwood; Wellington; Thayer; Turtle; C and N W; Blemers; Watersmeet; Tomavack; Cisco Lake; Net River; N Paint River; Net River; diana; St Paul; Diana; Hemlock R.; Deer River; Fence River; East Br.; Elmwood; Iron; Basswood; Beechwood; S and NW; Atkinson; Amasa; Balham; Floodwood; Hazel; Iron River; Stambaugh; Crystal Falls; Paint River; Kelso; Hamsfield; N.W. and N.W.; Michigamme R; Sharming; Sagola; Milw and St Paul; Saunders; Dunn; Pentoga; Panola; Mastodon; Dickinson; Republic; Marquette; Yalmar; Shomi; Sands; Skandia; About 100 ft; Cascades; Rumley; Eten; Witbeck; Falls 75 ft.; Princeton; West Branch; Eates; Plains; M. R.R.; Swanzy; Forsyth; Cyr; Lawson; Munising R R; Carlshend; Ladoga; White Fish River; Westbranch; Escanaba River; Helena; Turin; Escanaba and Lake Superior R R; Ford R.; Ralph; Alfred; Gleason; Northland; Lathrop; Maple Ridge; Osier; Metropolitan; Days River; Campbell; Turner; Rapid River; Alger; Chatham; About 100 ft; Munising Junc; Wetmore; Stillman; Shingleton; Chapman; Petrel; Seney; Cascades; Limestone; Scotts; North West Branch; North Branch; Germfask; Wimers; Trenar; Schoolcraft; Steuben; Uno; Hiawatha; Rapids 20 ft; Fishdam R.; Indian Lake; Manistique River; Gulliver; Minn St P and Ste Marie R R; Laketon; Tahquamenon; Newberry; Dollarville; Sage; Holbert; Eckerman; McMillen; Helmer; Soo Junc; Duluth South Shore and Atlantic R R; Hendrie; Chippewa; Manistique L; Curtis; South Manistique L; Wilman; Donald; Fiborn Quarry; Caffey; Trout Lake; Blaney; Bryan; Engarline; Mackinac; Minn St P and Sault Ste Marie R. R.; Gilchrist; Naubinway; Garnet; Blaney Junc.; Honispur; Simmons; Biddle Pt; Epoufette; Brevort; Strong; Marquette Nat. For; Rexford; Wellsburg; Brimley; Dafter; Laramie; Rosedale; Lake George; Waiska R; Einross; Donaldson; Banbeau; Neepish; Thorice; Borne Steart; Cordell; Fibre; Rudyard; Strongville; Trelden; Stirlingville; Munuscong Bay; Ozark; Kenneth; Pine River; Munuscong River; Pickford; Rockyraw; Stalwart; Pittsburg Ldg; Raber; Sleeping River; Erevort Lake; Charles; St Martin Bay; Hessel; Cedarville; Gatesville; Burnt I; Chippewa Pt; Raynolds Pt; Lime I; Potagannissing Bay; Drummond; Marble Head; Stager; Randville; Menominee; Granite Bluff; Twin Falls 5000 H.P.; Iron Mountain; Quinnesec; Horse Race; Little Quinnesec Falls; Sand Portage 5000 H.P.; Sturgeon Falls 2500 H.P.; Pemenebunwo Rapids 2500 H.P.; Chicago and Northwestern R R; Foster; Hardwood; Ford River; Hendricks; Kingsley; Delta; Perkins; Brampton; Rapid River; Faunus; Labranche; Whitney; Cornell; Chandler; Gladstone; Norway; Vulcan; Moretto; Wancedah; Sturgeon R; Leaper; Vesper; Vega; Farnham; Eustis; Perronville; Schalfer; Algonquin Delta; Wells; Newhall; Escanaba; Hermanville; Minn St Paul R R; Faithorn; Wilson; Powers; N W R R; Bark River; Harris; Narenta; Ford River; Little Bay de Noc; Pemene Falls 3500 H.P.; Bird; W. and M RR; Nathan; Nadeau; Carney; Bagley; Gourley; Bark River; Chalk Hill 3700 H.P.; White Rapids 50 feet head 8500 H.P.; Menominee; Swanson; Talbot; Daggett; Cedar River; Fox; Kells; Koss; Little Cedar R; Stephenson; Ingalls; Cedar River; Grand Rapids 6500 H.P.; Wallace; Arthur Bay; Pt Rochereau; Twin Island 2000 H.P.; Carbondale; Ingallston; Lirch Cr; Kew; Chappec Rapids 3500 H.P.; Menominee; 5000 H.P.; Green Bay; Ensign; Ogontz; Edwin; Isabella; Nahma; Big Bay de Noc; Stonington; Vans Harbor; Garden; Little Harbor; Pt Aux Barques; Fayette; Peninsula Pt; L Summer I; Pt Detour; Summer I; St Martin I; Pt Patterson; Seul Choix Pt; Pt Aux Chenes; To Charlevoix County; Garden I; Hog I; St. James; Waugoshance Pt; High I; Gull I; Sturgeon Bay; Beaver Island; Allenville; St Martins Is; Le Cheneaux; Marquette I; Groscap; St Ignace; St Helena I; Mackinac I; Pt la Barbe; Round I; Straits of Mackinac; Bois Blanc; McGulpin Pt; Mackinaw; Bois Blanc Island; South Channel; Walkers Pt.; Pt Aux Pins; Ninemile Pt; Detour; Drummond Island; Kreetan; St Vital Point; Detour Passage; False Detour Channel Note: Geological Survey of Michigan; R.C. Allen, State Geologist; In Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey; George Otis Smith, Director; By Frank Leverett, United States Geologist, 1911; Above lake limits; Lake washed, clayey; Lake washed, sandy; Sandy to clayey loam; Sandy loam; Lake clay, thin; Lake clay, thick; Rugged; Nearly level; LEGEND; Moraines (rolling to gently undulating glacial deposits); Soil variable within a short space, and ranging from heavy clay to loose gravelly material; Usually fair to very good land; Where moraines are incompletely mapped query marks (??) are inserted; Plains with a mixed pebbly, and in places sandy clay (bowlder-clay or till); Good clayey loam to sandy loam soil making largely first rate, with some of it inclining to second rate farm land; Drumlins or oval-shaped bowlder-clay hills trending in the direction of ice movement; Good soil for all kinds of crops; Gravelly ridges (eskers) trending in the direction of ice movement; Valuable for road ballast but very limited in extent; Small ones occur among the drumlins of Menominee County, and in morainic belts in the western half of the peninsula; Sand or gravel plains formed by waters escaping from the ice border; This soil will need intelligent cultivation to be highly productive; Sand plains not definitely associated with moraines or ice borders, and outside the glacial lakes; Light soil requiring intelligent cultivation; Sandy plains inside the limits of the glacial lakes; Light soil requiring intelligent cultivation; Lake clay areas; Excellent soil; Some areas need artificial drainage; Areas with rock formations at surface or very slight depth; The rugged areas are inferior for agricultural land although the soil is often good; Areas not rugged are generally underlain by limestone, sandstone or shale and well adapted to agriculture; Lake Ontonagon shore; Approximate position; Lake Duluth shore; Accurate in the main; Lake Algonquin shore; Approximate position; Lake Nipissing shore; Accurate in the main; Glacial striae on rock ledges showing direction of ice movement; Swamp areas requiring artificial drainage; Large areas may be reclaimed by heavy ditching, and considerable portions by clearing of brush and a moderate amount of ditching; 60'; 5,000 H. P.; Waterfalls with approximate fall in feet or computed horse power (incompletely mapped); Base by United States Geological Survey; A. Hoen & Co. Baltimore