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THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST
Vol. 48
hybrids between the two species from the native range are less vigorous than the
parent plants and have low fertility (Swietliiska et al. 1971).
Specimen citations. Wisconsin. Douglas Co.: SE SW Sec. 32, T47N
R14W, 22 Aug 2008, Garske 727 (DUL, OSH, UWSP, WIS); SW NE Sec.
31, T47N R14W, 26 Aug 2008, Garske 728 (OSH, UWSP, WIS).
Leontodon autumnalis L. (Asteraceae). Fall dandelion.
Previous knowledge. Leontodon autumnalis is a perennial forb that is native
to Eurasia (Bogler 2006). It is naturalized in parts of northeastern and northwestern North America (USDA 2009). In Wisconsin, it was first collected in
Sheboygan County in 1903, but apparently no other place in the state for approximately a century (Wisflora 2009).
Significance. Recent collections from Douglas County suggest that L. autumnalis is firmly established in extreme northwestern Wisconsin. The populations
were on roadsides or maintained turf at several widely separated sites. In addition, this species is very abundant across the St. Louis River in Duluth, Minnesota, which is probably a persistent source of seeds for the region. All of the
populations were in both flower and fruit when collected.
Diagnostic characters. The rosette of leaves of L. autumnalis somewhat resembles that of the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale Wiggers.
Leontodon autumnalis may be distinguished by its fibrous roots, branched scape,
somewhat smaller heads, failure to flower early in the growing season, beakless
achenes, and plumose pappus bristles (Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
Specimen citations. Wisconsin. Douglas Co.: Oliver, NW Sec. 12, T48N
R15W, 12 Sep 1999, Schimpf 278 (DUL); Superior, SE Sec. 3, T48N R14W,
24 Aug 2007, Schimpf 438 (DUL, WIS); Superior, NW Sec. 21, T49N R14W,
1 Sep 2007, Schimpf 446 (DUL, WIS); Superior, NEi Sec. 30, T49N R13W, 12
Oct 2007, Schimpf 457 (DUL, WIS).
LITERATURE CITED
Bailey, L. H. (1949). Manual of Cultivated Plants, revised edition. Macmillan Company, New York.
1116 pp.
Ball, P. W. (1972a). Lamiastrum Heister ex Fabr. Pp. 148-149, In Flora Europaea, volume 3, Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. (T. G. Tutin, V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M. Moore, D. H.
Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb, editors). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ball, P. W. (1972b). Lamium L. Pp. 147-148, In Flora Europaea, volume 3, Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. (T. G. Tutin, V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb, editors). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bell Museum Herbarium. (2009). http://wildflowers.umn.edu/. Viewed 27 January 2009.
Bobrov, E. G. (1957). Dipsacaceae Lindl. Pp. 9-66, In Flora of the U. S. S. R, volume XXIV, Dipsacaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Campanulaceae. (B. K. Shishkin and E. G. Bobrov, editors). Botanical
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Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1972.
Bogler, D. J. (2006). Leontodon Linnaeus. Pp. 294-296, In Flora of North America, volume 19,
Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1. (Flora of North America Editorial Committee, editors). Oxford University Press, New York.
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