Winter operations, 1970-1971 / John C. Ayers, Norbert W. O'Hara, William L. Yocum.

directions can construct it, even with a plume present,on both sides of the outfall. We have tried to illustrate this in Figures 19 and 20. Even if ice is
melted in the area where the wind pushes the plume ashore, the ice in other directions will be augmented, and storms from opposite directions will provide the
mechanism for rebuilding any melted ice.
That part of Ridge A which is on the beach is beyond the reach of plume
water except during storms when air-cooled spray from the cooler part of the plume
water could reach it. The offshore outfalls of the Cook Plant would keep the
warmest water of the plume offshore.
We believe that a series of storms from different directions constitute the
mechanism by which the observed shore ice behind (inshore of) existing plumes is
formed.
Although plume directions are influenced by wind, they are also influenced
by currents, with net plume direction being a resultant of the wind and current
vectors. At the Cook Plant site the predominant alongshore current will provide
a parallel to shore component of the direction of plume movement, resulting in
more time, more distance, and more cooling before the Cook plume could reach the
beach during an onshore wind.
The outfalls of the Cook Plant will be only six inches less than 1160 feet
off the shore, and in a region where the predominant current is northward parallel
to shore (but where southward current parallel to shore does occur). This is also
an area wherein winds from off the shore are relatively unimportant because they
must descend from the height of the sand-dune shoreline before they can get sufficient contact with the water surface to set up offshore currents. Offshore movement of the Cook plume is expected to be rare for this reason.
Winds from south-southwest clockwise around to north-northeast are unaffected
by the dune shoreline; from these directions a wind-induced direction component

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