Biographical dictionary of medallists: coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, &c., ancient and modern, with references to their works B. C. 500-A. D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer ...

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APHEL (or APPHEL) (B. D. M., Vol. I, I904, p. 63). Goldsmith
and Coin-engraver in the service of the Austrian Imperial house,
mentioned several times in documents between I443 and I465.
Vide Jahrbuch d. osterr. Kaiserhauses XVII Regesten.
APOLLONIOS (B. D. M., Vol. I, I904, p. 65). Gem-engraver of
the early Roman period. His signature occurs on two gems, one
showing a head ot King Asander of Pontus (B.C.47-I6), and the
other a very fine head of Artemis.
" Of Apollonios ", says Mr. Duffield Osborne, Engraved Gems,
New York, I9 2, p. 83, " as given on the strength of the portrait
head with the name, APOAAnN1'1, in the genitive, I cannot feel
that his identity as an artist is absolutely established as against the
owner hypothesis, though it seems probable."
A distinction has to be made between Apollonios, the Gemengraver of the Best Period, and the other Apollonios, the GraecoRoman artist, whose Artemis is signed, AnOAAfNIO T.
APOTHEKER, DANIEL (Gersm.). Mint-warden at N6rdlingen, I 544.
APPRENTICE, S. C. (Brit.). Engraver and Medallist of the early
part of the nineteenth century; exhibited at the Royal Academy
1823 a dice in metal showing a portrait.
ARAUJO, FRANCISCO DE (Span.). Medallist of the eighteenth century; son of D. Felice de Araujo, who is said to have also been a
medallist. Vide Ziani, Enc. II, I73.
In I750 he was appointed Engraver at the Mint of Potosi, and in
I755 at Seville. His signature occurs on Proclamation medals of
Carlos III for Ecija, 75 9, and Cadiz, same date.
BIBLIOGRAPHY. - D. Antonio Vives, Medallas de la Casa de Borbon, Madrid,
I916.
ARBIEN, MAGNUS GUSTAV (B. D. M., Vol. I, I904, p. 67). Born
at Christiania, 25. September 1716, died on 27. January I760.
ARCHIM (Greek). The signature APXIM occurs on a coin of Montpellier in the late Cav. Ignazio Virzi's collection. Garrucci read
erroneously AP. This Archimedes may have been the Engraver of
the coin.
ARDANT (B. D. M., Vol.I, r904, p. 68). The chief members of that
distinguished family of goldsmiths were: Pierre I (~ about 1590),
Martial (t before I635), Jean II (t I69 ), Pierre II. (I 1705),Francois (1709), Jean V. (1709/20), Isaac (t 1716), Jacques, Leonard
and Armand (about I7I 0-770). The author of the work " Emailleurs et Etmaillerie de Limoges", i855, descended from the same
family.