Gesenius' Hebrew grammar: 17th ed., with numerous corrections and additions, by dr. E. Rödiger. Tr. by T. J. Conant ... With grammatical exercises and a chrestomathy, by the translator.

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PART I. ELEMENTS.

B. Conjunctives (Servi).
21. (-,) Merka: 22. (,) Munach: 23. (-) Double-Merka:
24. (.) Mahpakh: 25. (-) Qadhmae: 26. (-) Dlrga: 27. (v-)
Yd'rach: 28. (-) Little- Tllish tt: 29. (-) Tfphcha: 30. (-)
Merka with Zarqa *: 31. (9) Mahpakh with Zarqa.
REMARKS ON THE ACCENTS.
I. As Signs of the Tone.
1. As in Greek (comp. slsi and J u), words which are written wsh
the same consonants and vowel-signs are often distinguished by the accent,
e. g. a ba-nik (they built),.= b4nu (in us); tVD qdma (she stood up),
n;I, qam4 (standing up, fer.) [Compare in English compact and c6m
pact].
2. As a rule the accents stand on the tone-syllable, and properly on its
initial consonant. Some, however, stand only on the first letter of a word
(prepositive), others only on the last letter (postpositive). The former are
designated in the table by t, the latter by tt. These do not, therefore,
clearly indicate the tone-syllable, which must be known some other way.
Those marked with an asterisk are used only in the poetical books.
3. The place of the accent, when it is not on the final syllable, is indicated in this book by the sign (') e. g. nmbb qa-tal-ta.
II. As Signs of Interpunction.
4. In respect to this use of the accents, every verse is regarded as a
period, which closes with Silluq,* or in the figurative language of the
grammarians, as a realm (ditio), which is governed by the great Distinctive
at the end (Imperator). According as the verse is long or short, i. e. as
the empire is large or small, varies the number of Domini of different
grades, which form the larger and smaller divisions.
5. Conjunctives (Servi) unite only such words as are closely connected
in sense, as a noun with an adjective, or with another noun in the genitive,
&c. But two conjunctives cannot be employed together. If the sense
requires that several words should be connected, it is done by Maqqeph
(. 16, 1).
6. In very short verses few conjunctives are used, and sometimes none;
a small distinctive, in the vicinity of a greater, having a connective power
(servit domino majori). In very long verses, on the contrary, conjunctives
are used for the smaller distinctives (fiunt legati dominoumn).
7. The choice of the conjunctive or distinctive depends on subtile laws
of consecution, with which the learner need not trouble himself at present.
It is sufficient for him to know the greater distinctives, which answer to
* This has the same form with Methegh (~ 16, 2); but they are readily distinguished, as Silluq always stands on the last tone syllable of a verse, while
Methegh never stands on the tone-syllable.