Correct contract bridge / by E.V. Shepard ; including the official Laws of contract bridge adopted by the Whist Club, New York, and by all the leading clubs in America.

I44 CORRECT CONTRACT BRIDGE
hopes" are signalled in various ways: by an opening bid of 2-odd; by jumping partner's opening bid
of i-odd to 3-odd; by overcalling another's bid by
one trick more than necessary; by bidding opponent's suit, instead of at once raising partner's
make; if necessary to avoid naming just a game contract, by bidding a trick more than game.
All the above bids are integral parts of Contract
and each will be found more in detail in its appropriate place in this book. They require no new
names or special featuring, but if you think that
calling some of these needlessly high bids by newer
names than "jumped bids," makes them more impressive, you may term them "demand bids," "obliging bids," or "forcing bids," without in the least
changing their nature or intent.
Players who are still playing Auction, by merely
changing their scoring, whether they are "trick
counting" or employing extreme "approach"
methods or other features savoring of poker tactics,
fiave other uses for unnecessarily high bids, but
these special uses of such bids have nothing to do
with the system of contracting outlined in this work.