A history of the Sikhs, from the origin of the nation to the battles of the Sutlej.

6

HISTORY OF THE SIKHS

CHAP. I

Kuikas, and other Afghan tribes prevail; while there are many
Bambas, secluded valleys peopled by the widely spread Gijars,
GOijars, &c.
whose history has yet to be ascertained, and who are the
vassals of Arabian 'saiyids', or of Afghan and Turkoman
lords.
The Gak- In the hills south of Kashmir, and west of the Jhelum
has and to Attock and Kalabagh on the Indus, are found Gakhars,
Janjufas. Gfijars, Khattars, Awans, Janjfias, and others, all of whom
may be considered to have from time to time merged into
the Hindu stock in language and feelings. Of these, some,
as the Janjfias and especially the Gakhars, have a local
reputation. Peshawar and the hills which surround it, are
The Yusuf- peopled by various races of Afghans, as Yufsufzais and
zais, Mohmands in the north and west, Khalils and others in the
Afridis,
&c. centre, and Afridis, Khattaks, and others in the south and
east. The hills south of Kohat, and the districts of Tank
Waziris, and Bannu, are likewise peopled by genuine Afghans, as
and other
Afghtns. the pastoral Waziris and others, or by agricultural tribes
claiming such a descent; and, indeed, throughout the
mountains on-either side of the Indus, every valley has its
separate tribe or family, always opposed in interest, and
sometimes differing in speech and manners. Generally it
may be observed, that on the north, the Afghans on one
side, and the Turkomans on the other, are gradually pressing
upon the old but less energetic Dardus, who have been
already mentioned.
Baluchis, In the districts on either side of the Indus south of
Jtis, and Kalabagh, and likewise around Multan, the population is
Rains, of
the Middle partly Baluch and partly Jat, intermixed, however, with
Indus. other tribes, as Aroras and Rains, and towards the mounJuns, tains of Suleiman some Afghan tribes are likewise to be
Bhutis, and found located. In the waste tracts between the Indus and
Kathis,
of the Sutlej are found Juns, Bhutis, Sials, Kurruls, Ksthis, and
central other tribes, who are both pastoral and predatory, and who,
plains.
Chibs and with the Chibs and Buhows south of Kashmir, between the
Buhows of Jhelum and Chenab, may be the first inhabitants of the
the lower
hillsler country, but little reclaimed in manners by Hindu or
Muhammadan conquerors; or one or more of them, as
the Bhutis, who boast of their lunar descent, may represent
a tribe of ancient invaders or colonizers who have yielded