Expenditures of the Russo-Japanese war / by Gotaro Ogawa.

EFFECTS ON INDUSTRY

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moted. The manufacturing industries promoted or extended
after the war can be divided into three classes. The first
class includes those undertakings which catered to the increased demand at home. The second are those which
supplied foreign demands, not only of China, Korea, and
other oriental countries, but of Europe and America. Most
important of these were the extension or creation of the
cotton spinning and weaving companies, while the less conspicuous included cement manufacturing, habutaye finishing,
and the like. Under the third class come those enterprises
established or extended in anticipation of the stoppage of
importation due to a higher tariff schedule after the war.
For example, sugar manufacture, milling, kerosene industry,
and paper manufacturing were greatly encouraged by the
prospect of higher prices of imports.
This is the outline of the movement of manufacturing capital. Let us next investigate the effects of the war upon
the manufacturing workers.
CONDITIONS OF MANUFACTURING WORKERS
The war took away some one million one hundred thousand
young men from productive enterprises. In consequence, a
shortage of labor was in evidence everywhere, and the labor
market was overwhelmed with demands, leading, it is generally believed, to an appreciable rise in wages. On the whole,
this observation is correct, but it is wide of the mark when
applied to conditions prevailing in I904, the first year of war.
In the early stage of the campaign the movement of labor,
especially factory labor, took a direction opposite to the
movement of manufacturing capital. The latter decreased
suddenly in the early stages of the war, but gradually increased with its successful progress, whereas the former
showed an excessive supply early in the war, but revealed a
scarcity as the campaign progressed. This, needless to say,
was due to the facts (I) that the large number of young men
were not called to the colors all at once but gradually, as the
progress of war required; and (2) that business depression