Expenditures of the Russo-Japanese war / by Gotaro Ogawa.

EFFECTS ON INDUSTRY

205

the statistics of workers employed in factories with at least
ten hands can not be taken as an index to the whole or even
the greater part of the manufactures of the country. The
effects of the war on industry, therefore, must be deduced
from other indications. Indeed, in industry, as in trade, a
more accurate barometer of activity can be found in the
numbers of people opening or closing factories. The figures
for 1905 are unavailable, but those for 1904 as cited below are
unmistakable signs of the depression of industry.
FACTORIES OPENED AND CLOSED, I902-I904
1902 1903 1904 Increase or decrease
in 1904 as cornTax Administra- pared with 1903
tion Offices
Opened Closed Opened Closed Opened Closed
Opened Closed
Sapporo......... 469 305 47I 370 634 602 + 163 + 232
Tokyo........... 596 929 542 1,149 534 1,630 - 8 + 481
Kyoto......... 2,987 3,105 2,728 4,095 2,620 7,078 - Io8 +2,983
Osaka.......... 408 271 630 408 I96 774 - 434 + 366
Yokohama...... 32 43 39 43 48 74 + 9 + 3I
Kobe........... 1,359 I,741 i,o8I 2,275 869 1,689 - 212 - 586
Nagasaki........ 22 35 I3 21 I4 40 + I + I9
Nagano.......... 65 2I6 122 262 148 354 + 26 + 92
Utsunomiya..... 761 1,201 594 1,415 521 979 - 73 - 436
Nagoya......... I,902 2,153 1,984 2,632 1,408 4,270 - 576 +1,638
Sendai......... 250 72 216 149 i86 I62 - 30 + 13
Akita........... I98 I33 262 I99 200 270 - 62 + 7I
Kanazawa....... 633 428 831 783 I,090 816 + 259 + 33
Matsue......... 57 214 97 I87 58 85 - 39 - 102
Hiroshima....... 2,083 2,626 2,508 3,3I7 2,506 2,888 - 2 - 429
Marugame....... 1,604 3,306 2,301 2,651 1,521 2,903 - 780 + 251
Kumamoto..... 26 59 130 I71 96 172 - 34 +
Kagoshima...... 2,055 I,4i8 1,655 1,776 742 3,084 - 913 +I,308
Total....... I5,707 I8,355 I6,204 21,903 I3,391 27,870 -2,813 +5,967
That the number of cases of closing exceeded that of opening year after year may be regarded either as a result of
industrial activity or as indicating a tendency of large enterprises to supersede small ones, but the decided decrease of
openings and the alarming increase of closings in I904 unmistakably point to the severe blow to industry dealt by the
war in its first year. With the continuance of war, however,
these conditions somewhat improved, because the manufacture
of war supplies became more and more active, the demand
for daily necessaries increased, and the export trade also
began to prosper. In this connection, special attention