Expenditures of the Russo-Japanese war / by Gotaro Ogawa.

RESOURCES FOR DEFRAYING WAR EXPENSES

85

been levied as exchange duties. At the first increase of taxation the former was increased by.0002 and the latter by.0003;
at the second increase of taxation the latter was again increased
by another.0003. Thus the exchange duties became almost
double the original rates through the war. The comparatively lower rates of taxation on the national and local bonds
were intended to enhance their popularity.
The registration duties were first levied, in April, I896, in
order to meet the increased expenditure after the Sino-Japanese War. As they were once increased in I899, they could
not bear a further general increase. In consequence, the duties
were increased on such items of registration as could bear an
increase and promised to be a fair source of fresh revenue.
For this purpose the registration respecting such important
items as real estate, shipping, mining, etc., and the registration of juridical persons were selected. In the first increase
of taxation, the levy on the registration of real estate and
shipping (Registration Duty Law, Clauses 2 and 3) was
increased by from.0002 to.0020, while its original rate ranged
between.oooI and.0040. This increased rate applied to
the acquisition of property (I) by virtue of legal succession
to a house; (2) through other ways of succession to a house or
inheritance of possession; (3) through will, bequest, or channels without compensation; (4) by reasons other than the
three preceding ones; (5) by the retention of property (No. 5)
which was already in one's possession; and (6) the creation
of the permanent estate of a peer (No. I I). The registration
tax on all juridical persons (Clause 6) was increased by.oooI
of capital on juridical persons organized for profits, while the
former rate had been.oooI to.0004; by from 50 sen to 5 yen
per item of registration, over and above I to Io yen of the
original charge; and by 20 sen to 2 yen per item of registration
for juridical persons not intended for money-making, the previous rate having been between 50 sen and 5 yen. Every
registration of the creation, acquisition, etc., of trade names
(Clause 6, II) had hitherto been assessed 50 yen, but now it
was increased by 20 sen to 2 yen. For the registration of