Archaeological atlas of Michigan [by] Wilbert B. Hinsdale...

ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTIES

14), taken from Mr. Bela Hubbard's Memorials of a Half-Century, shows an inclosure upon Section 3, Bruce Township, of nearly three acres, with three gateways, a mound upon the inside of
each one, and a pool. In the immediate vicinity, upon both sides
of the north branch of Clinton River, there were nineteen mounds
in close proximity to each other, making in all twenty-two
mounds, besides the "fort," upon one square mile.
~~____~_________~ ~Mr. Bela Hubbard
also refers to mounds
S built of stones, "nice"4 or,. ly piled up to a height
/ Kf of four feet," standZ J{0 0 ing alone. Skeletons;5) tha a ml400 Fe f o th
| ACRC were found u n d e r
l some which were more
S4 than a mile from the
/ earthworks. The di/15 FECT ABOVC R/VCR ^// '. i *.
I,,_rection and situation,
k/!' -.. however, are so inw,. - E ]definite that they are
1 &-7 -, not charted. It is im-,, t%.,n;;.4 portant to call attenN'.,\i,,.- tion to stone-pile,:, 4,11,,ht,to mounds because they
A ^^^were not reported
$4' @1fo from elsewhere in the
state....I. '1iV,,' -As the map indi"-; cates, there were other
"4 inclosures, circular, and rectangular,
_______________________ within four miles to
FIG. 14. Diagram of ancient earthworks, the south and east of
Macomb County. From Bela Hubbard, this site. According
Memorials of a Half-Century to reports, the circular inclosure near the
mouth of the Clinton contained three acres.

There were two groups of mounds upon or very near the south
line of the county, and mounds stood upon the west side of Bear
Lake.
SITES IDENTIFIED
Villages ----------- 6
Burying grounds _ 5
Mounds ----------11

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

TOWNSHIPS
Arcadia 8.
Pleasanton 9.
Springdale 10.
Cleon 11.
Onekama 12.
Bear Lake 13.
Maple Grove 14.

Marilla
Manistee
Brown
Dickson
Filer
Stronach
Norman

MARQUETTE COUNTY
(Map 18)
Within an area extending from the mouth of Chocolay River
to Presque Isle Point, a distance of eight miles mostly within the
limits of what is now the city of Marquette, there were six Indian villages and two burying grounds. Another village was located in Powell Township, at the mouth of Cliff River, near the
end of a forty-mile trail from the village at the mouth of Chocolay River. If records of observations had been kept in early times,
and if they were available, many other sites could be placed on the
map.
A trail led west from the village where Marquette now stands,
along the north side of Lake Michigamme to L'Anse, at the head
of Keweenaw Bay. This trail divided near Negaunee; the two
paths ran parallel to unite again at Lake Michigamme. There
was a canoe passage from Lake Michigamme down the river of the
same name to the Menominee.
A greater part of the information upon which this report and
the map are based has been obtained from correspondence, in 1893,
between the Hon. Peter White of Marquette and the Hon. L. D.
Watkins of Manchester. Professor L. A. Chase of Marquette has
also rendered valuable assistance.
SITES IDENTIFIED
Villages ---------- 7
Burying grounds _ 2
TOWNSHIPS
1. Powell 11. Richmond
2. Michigamme 12. Sands
3. Champion 13. Chocolay
4. Ishpeming 14. West Branch
5. Marquette 15. Skandia
6. Negaunee 16. Forsyth
7. Republic 17. Turin
8. Humboldt 18. Wells
9. Ely 19. Ewing

SITES IDENTIFIED
Villages ----------------- 8
Burying grounds ---------4
Mounds ---------------26
Circular inclosures -------8
Rectangular inclosure _ 1
TOWNSHIPS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Bruce
Armada
Richmond
Washington
Ray
Lenox
Shelby
Macomb

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Chesterfield
Sterling
Clinton
Harrison
Warren
Erin
Lake

10.

Tilden

v

MANISTEE COUNTY
(Map 11)
Four villages, two burial sites, and a mound are known to have
been situated near the mouths of the Manistee and Little Manistee
rivers, some of them within the present limits of the city of Manistee.
As the map shows, there were other sites in different parts
of the county. The trail from the mouth of the Manistee River
to Otsego Lake is referred to in the comments upon Otsego
County. There was a trail from the mouth of the Manistee to
the outlet of Portage Lake. According to the most reliable data,
the Mackinaw and St. Joseph trail, which is designated by broken
lines, passed around the head of Portage Lake.

MASON COUNTY
(Map 11)
The Big Sable, the Little Sable, and the Pere Marquette rivers,
which cross Mason County from east to west and discharge into
Lake Michigan, were canoe routes to and from numerous sites
along their banks. The map locates thirteen villages and nine
mounds upon or near the Pere Marquette and the Lake that bears
the same name, the latter being merely a widening of the river
at its outlet. Several sites are marked upon the borders of Lower
Hamlin Lake, which is also an estuary-like part of Big Sable.
There must have been trails paralleling the water courses for use
when storm, flood, and ice made canoeing impossible.
The dunes along the Lake Michigan shore had an influence
upon the Indians who frequented them during the warmer weather
and abandoned them for winter quarters farther back in the country and up the rivers to be away from lake tempests and drifting
snow and sand.

-28 -