Archaeological atlas of Michigan [by] Wilbert B. Hinsdale...

ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTIES

Vague reports have been made of numerous sites which, no
doubt, existed upon the shores of Pine Lake, but they cannot be
definitely determined.
SITES IDENTIFIED
Villages -----------8
Burying grounds - - 2
Mounds ---------- 7

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

TOWNSHIPS
Charlevoix 9. Chandler
Hayes 10. South Arm
Bay 11. Wilson
Norwood 12. Boyne Valley
Marion 13. Hudson
Eveline 14. Peaine (Beaver
Evangeline Islands)
Melrose 15. St. James

CHEBOYGAN COUNTY
(Map 14)
At the mouth of the Cheboygan River stood an ancient mound
and a village. Farther up the river, below the outlet of Mullett
Lake, there was a village, to the southwest of which, at a distance
of five miles, was a mound. Two villages were located upon the
west side of Burt Lake and one upon the south side of Douglas
Lake. One of the villages upon Burt Lake is still occupied by a
small number of Indians. A group of five mounds stood by Silver
Lake, in Maple Grove Township, but these are designated on the
map by the word "vague" because of the uncertainty of their locations.
Since this paragraph was written, the Rev. Fr. Aubert, O.F.M.,
of the Catholic Indian Missions of Petoskey, has sent the following data in regard to Indian cemeteries: "Two in Cheboygan
Co., or I should say three (one near the present church, one near
the old church, and one hidden in the woods and known only to
Indians and to me)."
As is mentioned in the chapter upon "Trails," two trails centered at the mouth of the Cheboygan River; one followed the
Huron shore for the most of the way and the other extended
through the center of the state to the Tittabawassee River. The
two trails united and went on as a single path to the ferry across
the Straits of Mackinac, and, from the landing upon the north
side, other trails led to different parts of the Upper Peninsula,
finally terminating at strategic points upon the shores of Lake
Superior.
SITES IDENTIFIED
Villages ----------- 5
Burying grounds -- 3
Mounds ---------- 6
TOWNSHIPS

toric times a large number of Chippewa, frequently referred to as
"Saulteurs," claimed the exclusive fishing rights at the Sault.
If all the prehistoric sites that must have bordered the water
from Detour Passage to Point Iroquois could be identified, there
would be almost a continuous line of them, some upon the mainland and others upon islands. A trail followed the water line upon
the Michigan side from the outlet of St. Mary's River to beyond
Whitefish Point. Trails came directly to the rapids from the crossing at the Straits of Mackinac. There was a mound upon Sugar
Island, and two other mound sites have been identified upon the
river below Sault Ste. Marie. A large mound upon a bay on the
northwest side of Drummond Island had t"many skeletons with
their feet pointing towards the center." From this site flint spears,
copper hatchets, pipes, etc., were taken, but the presence of brass
buttons from France and of pipes of iron among the finds proves
either that the mound is recent or that it had intrusive burials.
It may be observed that mound-building was not characteristic of
the culture of the Indians of the Upper Peninsula.
The country about "The Soo," like that of Mackinac and
Green Bay, was a sort of melting-pot for the numerous Indian
folk who met there, sometimes to fight, sometimes to "make up,"
sometimes simply to attend to their own tribal affairs. Everyone is familiar with the history of the region after the missionaries,
adventurers, traders, soldiers, voyagers, coureurs de bois, politicians, travelers, nondescripts, and roustabouts mixed in for better or for worse with Indian affairs.
Acknowledgment is made to Miss Florence E. McClinchey,
State Normal School, Mount Pleasant, and to Dr. Karl Christofferson of Sault Ste. Marie, for information, and also to Judge
Charles H. Chapman of Sault Ste. Marie, for assistance upon the
map of the county. See notes upon Mackinac and Menominee
counties.
SITES IDENTIFIED
Villages ----------12
Burying grounds 3
Mounds ----------- 4
TOWNSHIPS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Whitefish
Bay Mills
Sault Ste. Marie
Hulbert
Chippewa
Superior
Kinross
Dafter

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Bruce
Trout Lake
Rudyard
Pickford
Raber
Detour
Drummond Island
Sugar Island

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Mackinac
Hebron
Beau Grand
Munro
Inverness
Benton
Burt
Mullett
Aloha
Grant

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Tuscarora
Koehler
Waverly
Menton
Ellis
Walker
Forest
Wilmot
Nunda
Maple Grove

CLARE COUNTY
(Map 12)
The surveys of this county have resulted in little more than
the location of a group of mounds on the south border of Greenwood Township upon the west side of Lily Lake, and another
group in the northeast corner of Hayes Township upon the east side
of Arnold Lake. The number of mounds in these groups could not
be determined. Hence they are marked "vague" upon the map.
There was an Indian village a short distance north of Clare in the
southeast part of Grant Township.

SITES IDENTIFIED
Village ----------1
Mounds -------- 5

CHIPPEWA COUNTY
(Map 20)
The straits, which are fifty-five miles long, are commonly referred to as St. Mary's River. They were probably more frequently navigated than any other part of the Great Lakes system above
the St. Lawrence. For nearly the year around they afforded an inexhaustible food supply. Indians came to the rapids of the river
from long distances, and numerous tribes fished there together,
but not without more or less disputing and fighting. In early his
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

TOWNSHIPS
Winterfield 9.
Summerfield 10.
Frost 11.
Franklin 12.
Redding 13.
Greenwood 14.
Hayes 15.
Hamilton 16.

Fremont
Lincoln
Hatton
Arthur
Garfield
Surrey
Grant
Sheridan

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