North American species of Lactarius / L. R. Hesler, Alexander H. Smith.

Subgenus Piperites

235

present observations we would characterize it as an ixolattice-meaning it is neither a typical ixotrichoderm nor a typical ixocutis. In old
material we noted a thick layer of slime with few hyphae in it
whereas in younger material we found varying degrees of a tangled
turf of branched hyphae (an ixolattice). In Shaffer 6957, Emmet Co.,
Mich., the pileus edge was densely and minutely hairy but very soon
the material became matted down and inconspicuous. The odor was of
L. camphoratus on fresh material. The spores were 7-8 X 6.5-7 ti,
i.e., typical as compared to material identified by Burlingham. Further
studies of L. aspideoides and L. aspideus are desirable especially with
regard to the cuticular structure of both pileus and stipe. These should
be made on fresh material.
Material cited.-MAINE: Bigelow 4586 (MICH), 16602 (MASS);
Homola 5797 (MICH); MICHIGAN: Isaacs 2196 (MICH); Patrick
2561 (MICH); Peters 1281 (MICH); Shaffer 6957 (MICH); Smith
36084, 67599, 81706; N. J. Smith 1866 (MICH); NEW YORK: Kauffman, August 31, 1921 (MICH); VERMONT: Burlingham 115, Newfane, September 21, 1906 (type, NY), Lact. N. Am. Fasc. I, no. 13
(MICH); WASHINGTON: Smith 70750, 76833.
Canada. ONTARIO: Smith 4327, 4812; QUEBEC: Malloch
5.9.76/11 (TRTC).
67. Lactarius aspideus (Fr.) Fr.
Epicr. Syst. Mycol. p. 336. 1838
Agaricus aspideus Fries, Syst. Mycol. 1: 63. 1821.
Illus. Figs. 88, 90.
Pileus 2-5 cm broad, plano-convex then depressed, with a small
umbo, straw colored to "light ochraceous-buff" or "cream-buff" (pale
dull yellow), azonate, viscid, margin silky, elsewhere glabrous. Context thick on the disc, thin on the margin, white becoming violaceous
when cut. Latex white, staining the flesh and gills violaceous, mild,
then distinctly bitter (Neuhoff).
Lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, white then cream, staining violaceous, close, medium narrow, forking behind, lamellulae numerous.
Stipe 2-4(6) cm long, 5-10(15) mm thick, concolorous with the
pileus, staining or spotted violaceous, pruinose to delicately fibrillose,
not appreciably slimy.
Spore deposit yellow (C)-Neuhoff. Spores (7.5)8.5-10.5 X 7-8.5 g,
ellipsoid, prominences 0.3-0.5 Ia high, rarely up to 1.0 g high, usually
blunt, bands forming a partial reticulum.