The North American species of Pholiota, by Alexander H. Smith and L. R. Hesler.

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The North American Species of Pholiota

reagent merely yellowish; wall about 0.25 Iu thick, spores not readily
collapsing.
Basidia 26-30 X 5-7,t, 2-, and 4-spored, clavate, hyaline in KOH,
yellowish in Melzer's reagent; sterigmata seen up to 15 iX long with typical
basidiospores attached, these sterigmata filamentous and 1.5-2 uX diam.
Pleurocystidia 27-35 X 4-8 uX, clavate-rostrate to fusoid, at the same level
in the hymenium as the basidia (many of them could have been 1-spored
basidia), hyaline, smooth, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia 33-52 X 4-8 Xu,
narrowly clavate with flexuous pedicels, the apex in some subcapitate, in
others spathulate (as if starting to branch), some with a lateral bulge,
some ventricose at base; hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, content homogeneous. Caulocystidia 30-70 x 5-9 pI, more or less resembling the cheilocystidia but more variable in shape.
Gill trama of parallel non-gelatinous hyphae 5-10,/ broad, walls
thin and smooth; subhymenium of the same type of hyphae but narrower.
Pileus cuticle of more or less appressed narrow (2-4 pu) hyaline nongelatinous hyphae; hypodermial region lacking special differentiation.
Context hyphae interwoven, cells inflated to 15 p,, walls thin, smooth and
yellowish. All hyphae inamyloid. Clamp connections present.
HABIT, HABITAT, AND DISTRIBUTION: On sticks and leaves, California,
January. Type studied.
OBSERVATIONS: Apparently it is known only from the type collection.
There is a collection by William Herbst, from Pennsylvania, labelled
Pholiota anomala, but it is not a Pholiota. Its spores are globose and
slightly roughened and 4-5 pI diam. Our description is based entirely on
the type. P. anomala can be recognized by the inconspicuous rostrate
pleurocystidia, the evanescent annulus, and a peculiar cavernous internal
structure of the stipe. It is not to be confused with Flammula anomala
Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 202. 1895) which has globose echinulate
spores and which Kauffman (1926) transferred to Paxillus. Murrill
(1917) placed it under Gymnopilus.
2. Pholiota punicea sp. nov.
Illustrations: Text fig. 37.
Pileus 1-1.5 cm latus, convexus, glaber, obscure sangineus. Lamellae
adnatae confertae latae, obscure sanguineae. Stipes 1.5-2 cm longus, 2-3
mm crassus, sursum albozonatus. Sporae 7.5 x 4.5-5 u (9-10 x 5-6 at).
Pleurocystidia desunt. Cheilocystidia 32-50 X 4-16 i, breve clavata vel
ovata. Specimen typicum in Herb. Univ. Mich. conservatum est; legit
prope Takilma, Ore. 6 Nov. 1937, Smith 8507.
Pileus 1-1.5 cm broad, hemispheric-convex, glabrous, more or less
expanding, blood red, margin subplicate. Context reddish brown.
Lamellae adnate or adnexed, moderately close, broad, red.
Stipe 1.5-2 cm long, 2-3 mm thick, 5 mm when compressed, minutely