The North American species of Pholiota, by Alexander H. Smith and L. R. Hesler.

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The North American Species of Pholiota

hyaline in KOH, in Melzer's reagent nearly hyaline. Pleurocystidia of
two types: leptocystidia 40-60 (78) x 9-20 /u with a long narrow pedicel
and clavate to utriform above or varying toward mucronate, content
"empty," wall thin and smooth, or if thickened slightly then less than
0.5 /P thick; 2) clirysocystidia 28-44 X 7-12 /., with refractive hyaline
inclusion in KOH, in Melzer's the inclusion merely yellowish. Cheilocystidia 32-60 x 8-18 /u, similar to pleurocystidia (both types present).
Caulocystidia present at stipe apex where a caulohymenium is present
and both giant leptocystidia and chrysocystidia occur there as well as in
the lamellar hymenium.
Gill trama of subparallel hyphae with colloidal content orange in
Melzer's reagent, walls thin and hyaline, cells finally slightly inflated
3-8 JI or more diam.; subhymenium of non-gelatinous interwoven hyphae
3-5 u diam., hyaline in KOH. Pileus context of inflated (8-15 bp) hyplae
with thin smooth walls and "colloidal" content orange-red as revived in
Melzer's reagent; cuticle of hyaline smooth narrow hyphae more or less
appressed and no hypodermium differentiated; scales on pileus composed
of fascicles of hyphae, the walls yellow in KOH, thin and smooth; cell
content mostly "empty" but some with colloidal content; the cells in
flated to sphaerocyst-like but varying in a single hypha to elongate. Clamp
connections present. All hyphae inamyloid or dextrinoid as noted.
HABIT, HABITAT, AND DISTRIBUTION: On soil, District of Columbia,
October. Type studied.
OBSERVATIONS: This species presents a problem in relationships because it is more closely related to Stropharia hardii and S. caesiispora
than to any Pholiota known to us, yet it has bright ochraceous spores in
KOH. Fresh spore deposits are needed to check the color. The deposit
with the type collection is now near "snuff-brown" a yellow brown, but
there is still a smoky tinge which could indicate that it was more purplish
when fresh. In the light of the generic concept of Pholiota presented
here we are forced to include the species as a Pholiota because of the spore
features as described. It is related to Stropharia kauffmanii also, but in
the latter the spores are definitely purplish. The germ pore of the spore
in P. schradcri is clearly Pholiota-like.
95. Pholiota scabella Zeller, 5Mycologia 25: 386. 1933.
Pileus 6-10 cm broad, hemispheric to piano-expanded, dry, ochraceous, buff, to "Dresden brown," squamose to subsquarrose, shiny, cuticle
separable. Context 8-12 mm thick, white to creamy; odor like certain
green crushed stems (willow-like); taste bitterish acrid.
Lamellae adnate, with striate lines on the stipe (not a tooth) Saccardo's umber to sepia, narrow (4-5 mm broad), narrower in front than
toward stipe, almost equal, close (not crowded), edges wavy.
Stipe 7-9 cm long, 15-20 mm thick, ivory-yellow and squarrose
above, cream-buff and squamose scaly below annulus, staining ochraceous