The North American species of Pholiota, by Alexander H. Smith and L. R. Hesler.

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The North American Species of Pholiota

an "imperfect." The hyphae of the latter may show rather prominent
swellings, and are most numerous along the gills where the end-cells
of some might be mistaken for cystidia. When a piece of the pileus was
compressed between two sticks of pith for sectioning the pith stained
orange from the expressed liquid, but in KOH no pigment pervaded the
mount.
64. Pholiota duroides Peck, New York State Mus. Bull. 122: 148.
1908.
Flammula duroides (Peck) Singer, Mycologia 35: 162. 1943.
Illustrations: Text figs. 81-82.
Pileus 2.5-5 (9) cm broad, convex becoming nearly plane, creamywhite to ochraceous-buff, chamois, or cinnamon-buff or nearly ochraceous-orange, glabrous or slightly appressed-squamose or with spot-like
scales or depressions in the center, dry, not hygrophanous, margin even.
Context white; taste mild.
Lamellae adnexed or sinuate-adnate, sometimes with a decurrent
tooth, whitish, becoming brown or rusty-brown, close, narrow (2-5 mm
broad), edges white-crenulate.
Stipe 2.5-5 (10) cm long, 4-8 (15) mm thick, whitish, glabrous, equal
or nearly so, stuffed or hollow, veil forming a superior white membranous,
pendant or rolled, subpersistent annulus.
Spore deposit "bister" (dark yellow-brown); spores 4.5-6 X 3-4 x
4-4.5 p,, smooth, with a minute but distinct apical pore (but apex not
truncate); shape in face view ovate to (rarely) elliptic, at times subtriangular (corners rounded), in profile more or less inequilateral to
somewhat bean-shaped; in KOH dingy yellow-brown, somewhat more
ochraceous in Melzer's reagent; wall thickened to about 0.3 /p.
Basidia 24-28 x 5-6 j,, 2- and 4-spored, clavate, hyaline in KOH,
yellowish in Melzer's. Pleurocystidia 23-34 x 6-12 /u, clavate to (rarely)
clavate-mucronate or with the mucro subcapitate, thin-walled, smooth,
hyaline in KOH, with 1-2 refractive bodies merely yellowish in Melzer's
reagent. Cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia, rare to scattered. Caulocystidia present only in the caulohymenium at stipe apex.
Gill trama of subparallel to interwoven floccose, hyaline to yellowish
smooth thin-walled hyphae, the cells 3-8 jr diam., but inflating to twice
that finally; subhymenium narrower, not sharply delimited from tramal
body though in age somewhat cellular, non-gelatinous. Pileus cutis of
hyphae smooth to slighty incrusted, hyphae thin-walled, in a loose arrangement and 4-9 /t diam., not gelatinous; hypodermium of rusty
ochraceous hyphae with walls distinctly incrusted. Context hyphae interwoven, cells inflating, walls smooth to roughened, narrow, yellowish to
hyaline in KOH, all hyphae inamyloid. Clamp connections present.
HABIT, HABITAT, AND DISTRIBUTION: On soil, especially in open woods,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ten