ï~~TABLE 5.-Excess 'weekly death rates- (annual:basis) pie and pneumonia in a group of 35 cities 2 in the Uni Median Medan of year (smooth- (smooth- 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 ed) 1 ed) 1 Week-1910-16-1921-27 1--- 269 196--+524 +4 -9 2 272 207-- +59 +23 -5 -12 +74 -- 4_- 274 219 +-----6--+55 +223 -33 -17' +67 -13 4---- 274 224- +6-- 8 +746 -40-111+71 -33 5--- 276 2OJ +545 +1 1 3 6-.-- 278 ' 57 -44 +43.1.+128- -8g 7+ 7 280 23 7-36 +82 +152 -11 87-- 280 238----- +21 +1826 -30 +37 +217 -20 84---- 285 218-- +285 +445 -27 +185 + 4X26-5 - 2 -207--19$ +142 +2+7 -4 10 -- 296 237 ---+206 +1106 _31 +122 }+170 -+3 12 293 ~2 +261- + 36 +90- +.90 +-5 13----. 293 224 ---+200r =+16 -56 +371+39 -19 12844-- 1 6 1 6 2 6 + 1 9 + 4i... 269 214 -. -188 -1-491 +6 2 --- 254:0_- -+68 0 6 1-1+2 -2 16 29 9=1 +6 +21 -217+ 223 177---2 -1 -57 33+14 1 18 207. 167-----4 -13 -50 7-+1 +14 - 1 -91-152-- -5 -S 60 12 +4 20 -- 175..137 -----32. +15. 32 - 1 0+ +1. 21---- 159 124 -----15 +02 6 + 10. 22_-- 143 113 ----18 +3 -31 -18 + +10. 23 127 107..----14 -3 -26 11+110 24- 112 91-- -29 -3 +29 +1 -821 25 101 82--~-36~-19 _ 2 -7+ 5 1 26-7-. 94 CG72----1-4 -9 -22 9 ++13: -22+ 27----- 8 1-----89 C6 --11 -15 -20 -12 +4 0 28 842 61 -+2 -10 -15 -3 -3 {+2. 30- 80 5 - -5 -4 13 7 +-+ 24 ++2 -5 7 +2 -5 32 --78 4--- -2 - 3--- 77 56 --- 8 -6 - - +{5 --4 - F4 7, -.-a-1 9-3 +1933 34- 76 t 57------h - d -7 -1.2 I -1 s 35 76 58- -3 -16 +{2 -6 -10+3 36 -- 77 59 -----10 -7 -2 -7. +5 -}-+6 79___ 8 61 ---9 -2 0 -7 -3 -6 1 38.. 2 64 +}63 -3 -4 -5 -11+1.- - 39 8__ 8 67 +-}314 -5 -2 -g -8 +1 9 40 --- 96 74+-f1, 145 -5 -12 -12 --4 -1 +0 41_-- 103 81+2,659 + 1 1 1 -6T +180 313.. lb 90 +4,799 -12 -12 -01 -10. 6 + 18 +9 4322_11+4__ 8 9 - -6 -04 Â~--= 13 11 492 _--19-1144 114 110 +3,7176 -20 -24 -10, --2.6-7 140 ---- 145 117 +1, 719 -24' -21 -21 +15 +8 +114 46--- 160. 126 +901 -31 -9 8 +1 1+0.'4 47--- 178 134 +568 -33 -7 -29 +}5 +4 -2l 48---- 198 140 +464 -21 -1 -25 +9 -9 +4 -49- - 218 145 +554 -7 -11 -24 +13 -6 }+428 50_-- 236 156 +737 -1 -4 -25..24 -3+3. 51--- 251 170 +}770 -1 -23 -28 +23 -14 +2I-30 52--- 262 185 +638 -16 +1 -31 -+23 33 -12+ - 10 +5 ------- ------ ------ -----+9 -'.From July 1, 1919,.to Jan. 1, 1930, the excesses are-colnputeds85deviations for the correspo n'ding week for the period 1921-1927. 'The srt e if re t w ek -o t e e r e r ie s of 52 byea5 -deviations were computed. The smoothed medians are the values in the thirdc.period prior to July 1, 1919, the excesses are computed as deviations from an osti: the corresponding week for the period 1910-1916. As weekly data were not avail rates (annua.l basis) and medians were computed. The median rates-were plot Sag through each of the 12' monthly medians was drawn to represent the seasc irlflusaza and pneumonia. From this graph. the approximate medians for each Th) nedians so derived are the values in the second umn t able.:2t Aggregate enumerated populationinta920 census, 20,440,548; aggregate 3,2,o.Forlist of'cities, see footnote to Table 3. +x33' +6 +}21 +7 -12 +4 0 +}8 +10 +14 1912 -4 -8 -30 -34 -8 0' 0 0 +x22 +3 +g oS (annual basis) per 100,O000f rominfluenza 'citie 2 in the United States,.1910-1919 1913 1914 19,15 1916 1917 1918 - 1919 0 -14 -43 +153 +108 +27 +575 +30 0 -25 -16 +63 +22 +282 -3 +15 0 -44 -3 +86 +175 -36 0 +38 -42 -11 +119 +13 +5 0 -30 -13- -78 -10 -31 +21 -6 +5 -7 +3 -26 '-37 +}1' -9' -6 '-3: -11.-13 -28 - --9 --10 0 0 11 '-24 '-26 +5 -3 '-3 -1 +4 +188 -18 '.0 -13. '-2 0. +16 +3,482 -32 0 -9' --4 0,. +18 +{817 -53 -44 -41 '+116 0. -12 +604 -79 ne medianIIUÂ~-iWOu umoirated population in 1920 census, 20,440,548, aggregate estimated 1928 population, lis. of cities, see footnote to Table 3. iations summarized in these two tables a reshown graphigure 1. The upper section, corresponding to the data in shows deviations by months, from January, 1910, to )18, while the bottom section, corresponding to the data shows deviations by weeks beginning in September,:1918. Dpect to Figure 1 it should be noted that the graphic repre)f excess mortalities by months, in the upper section, is not comparable with that by weeks,'as given in the lower secdeath rates in both sections are on an annual basis, hence rable in that respect; but since a monthly'rate is the mean d of mome than four weeks, it can not equal the maximum single week, except in the rare case where this exact rate is for every week in the period. It follows 'that in any given axcess mortality the peak is higher if the rates are given by n if they are stated by months, the extent of the difference upon the explosiveness of the epidemic and upon whether it y within a single month or is more evenly 'divided between wever,. the discrepancies between weekly and monthly rates, Y be very great in a single compact population unit, are not hen the population is made up of a group of cities widely over such a large area as that of the United States. g to the upper section of Figure 1, and to T able 6, which ds, it is seen that throughout the year 1910, and orthp months of 1911, mortality is generally above the "norm,,' utnotable concentration of the excess in any single month o or three successive months. From June, 1911, to Decemdeath rates are generally below the norm, negative deviag more frequent and usually larger than the positive ones. in April, 1915, there is an excess mortality which, though an absolute sense, deserves to be noted, because it comes eriod of low death rates and makes a peak which, measured