Salus electorum, sanguis Jesu, or, The death of death in the death of Christ a treatise of the redemption and reconciliation that is in the blood of Christ with the merit thereof, and the satisfaction wrought thereby : wherin the proper end of the death of Christ is asserted ... and the whole controversie about universall redemption fully discussed in foure parts, whereof the I. Declareth the eternall counsell, and distinct actuall concurrence of father, sonne, and holy spirit ... 2. Removeth false and supposed ends of the death of Christ ... rightly stating the controversie, 3. Containeth arguments against universall redemption from the word, with an affection of the satisfaction and merit of Christ, 4. Answereth all considerable objections as yet brought to light ... / by John Owen ...

CONTENTS.

BOOK. I.

CHAP. I. OF the end of the death of Christ in generall, what it is and how in the Scripture proposed, as in the intention of Father and Sonne. The severall particulars whereinto that generall end is branched: laid downe severally from the word. The opposition made by some hereunto, because as so proposed it is de∣structive to universall Redemption.

CHAP. II. The nature of an end and a meanes: Their reference and relation to one ano∣ther, set out by reason and examples: Sundry distinctions about the end of any thing. As also concerning the meanes conducing to an end: an application of those distinctions to the present businesse.

CHAP. III. Of the Agent in the great worke of Redemption: The blessed Trinity, in it the severall persons considered working distinctly: The act of the Father, first in sending of his Sonne, imposing his office on him: 1. in his eternall counsell, 2. in actuall admission of him thereunto by severall acts according to his prein∣gaged promise. Secondly, furnishing him with a plenitude of gifts and gra∣ces for his worke: Of the fulnesse that was in Christ: the divers kindes of it. Thirdly, entring into Covenant & compact with him: that compact declared from the word in the severall branches and particulars thereof. 2. Laying on him the the punishment due to sin, how that was done, and wherein it consisted. Dilem∣ma to universalists.

CHAP. IIII. The undertaking and actions of the Sonne the second person of the Trinity in the worke of Redemption, his Incarnation, Oblation, and Intercession: his obla∣tion and intercession intending the same persons, with an argument against univer∣sall Redemption.

CHAP. V. The concurrence of the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity to this work with his peculiar actions.

CHAP. VI. The meanes used by these Agents in this worke. The oblation of Christ, what it is, as also his intercession: how these two are distinguished, and wherein united.

CHAP. VII. Argument to prove the Oblation and Intercesson of Christ to respect the same persons: Their perpetuall conjunction in the Scripture: Christs Priesthood

perfected in them: they both belong to the same Priestly Office. The nature of the intercession of Christ, and wherein it consisteth. The end aymed at in both these, one and the same, in their union and no otherwise, a ground of strong con∣solation.

CHAP. VIII. The Reply of Thomas More to the former Arguments considered. The sense∣lesnesse of his exceptions laid open: the severall parts of them considered. Christ not a double Mediator, a generall and speciall. All the acts of his Mediator∣ship restrained to his Elect. 1 Tim. 2. 5. with 1 Tim. 4. 10. discussed. God how the Saviour of all, and in what sense. The pretended twofold intercession of Christ, as Mediator everted. Isay 53. 12. with Luke 23. 24. discussed. How Christ prayed for his crucifiers: A twofold praying in our Saviour granted. John 17. 21. 23. considered and explayned. Christ a Priest in respect of the end why he sacrificed himselfe only for his elect.

BOOKE. II.

CHAP. I. THe end of the death of Christ, distinguished into supreame, and subordinate, what these are. Faith and Salvation how procured by his death.

CHAP. II. The end of the death of Christ in respect of himselfe, his owne exaltation not meritoriously procured by it. The end of it in respect of his Father: not that God might save sinners his justice being satisfied. God can forgive sinne by his absolute power without satisfaction: The end of the death of Christ in respect of God (assigned by Arminians) totally destructive to Redemption; The whole worke made thereby fruitlesse. The opinion of universalists.

CHAP. III. The immediate end of the death of Christ discovered, places of Scripture con∣sidered, holding out the intention and counsell of God in respect of the end of the death of Christ: other places holding out the actuall accomplishment of his death: others likewise designing the persons for whom he dyed. The force of the word Many▪ The argument from thence vindicated from the exceptions of Tho∣mas More Of Rom. 5. 19. Who the sheepe of Christ, who not, John 10. 10, 11. 15. 26. opened and vindicated, with the vanity of the distinctions invented to wave the force of this argument, laid open.

CHAP. IIII. Of Impetration and application, the sense wherein this distinction is used by our Adversaries: their various expressions about it. The true meaning of it. Application the end of impetration: their strict connection, and the way whereby in the Scripture they are held forth. The sense of the adversaries in it explai∣ned. Their whole opinion discovered in sundry observations: and the maine question rightly stated, in the sense of the severall parties at variance.

CHAP. V. Againe of Impetration and Application, the exposition of the Arminians enerva∣ted by sundry arguments: the whole bottome of their fabrick everted.

BOOKE. III.

CHAP. I. THe first argument against universall Redemption: The nature of the Covenant of grace. The maine difference between the old covenant and new. The sec¦cond argument against universall Redemption: the death of Christ not revealed to all. The whole undertaking fruitlesse without Revelation, This not done, there∣fore not intended.

CHAP. II. The third argument against universall Redemption: Christ purchased Re∣demption either absolutely or on condition: neither way sutable to universall Redemption. Christs intention at his death according to our adversaries. The pur∣port of Gods commands to beleeve. The fourth Argument against universall Redemption. Gods eternall purposes distinguishing all the sonnes of men into two sorts. Christ dyed onely for the elect. The fifth argument against univer∣sall Redemption: Christ no where in the word said to dye for All men.

CHAP. III. The sixth Argument against universall Redemption, Christ in dying for men a surety. The nature of a surety. Satisfaction attends suretiship. The intention of Christ, in being a surety. The necessary consequents of such an undertaking. Dilemma to univesality. The seventh Argument from Christ, his being a Medi∣ator for them for whom he dyed.

CHAP. IIII. The Eighth Argument against universall Redemption: the blood of Christ the cause of sanctification, and how. The sacrifice of Expiation with what was signified by it: vaine attempt of Arminius to evade this Argument. Rom. 6. 5. 6. considered: how the promises are confirmed in Christ. Sanctification. The intend∣ment & procurement of the death of Christ, in what kinde it is the cause therof: the spirit of holines the efficient cause of it. The death of Christ the meritorious: both totall in their several kinds: simile of a prisoner. Argument the Ninth against universall Redemption: Faith the fruit of the death of Christ. The necessity of faith to salvation. Option and choyse yeelded our adversaries as to this par∣ticular: In what sense Faith is not a fruit of the death of Christ. Dilemma to universalists: absurd consequences of denying faith subjective to bee a fruit of Christs death. Five Arguments from Scripture to prove it so to be. The tenth Argument against Vniversall Redemption: who and what persons were typed by the Iraelites in their deliverance, and entrance into Canaan.

CHAP. V. The Eleventh Argument against universall Redemption Vniversall Redemp∣tion inconsistant with those expressions whereby that which Christ wrought by his death is set out in the Scripture. Those expessions. Redemption, the nature of it, and wherein it consisteth Difference between civill and spirituall Redemption, wherein they agree: diffinition of it, and arguments from thence.

CHAP. VI. The Twelfth Argument against Vniversall Redemption: Reconciliation, what it is, wherein it consisteth. Sense of the word Corruption of the Socinians: what

is required to perfect reconciliation. Rom. 5. 10. 11. opened. What is required to the compleating of this worke Dilemma from thence.

CHAP. VII. The thirteenth Argument against universall redemption: of the satisfaction of Christ: the use and importance of the word, whence derived; what is requi∣red thereunto. 6. Things herein necessary, the satisfaction of Christ proved from the old Testament and new. Words in the originall languages answering that in ours. That Christ by satisfaction paid the same thing that was the debt, proved against Grotius: his reasons to the contrary discussed and answered. Pardon of sin, not inconsistent with such satisfaction Wherein the free grace of pardon lyeth. The act of God in this worke of satisfaction. 1. of creditorship by severe justice exacting the due debt. 2. of supreame dominion or soveraignty. Both these pro∣ved against Grotius. Arguments from hence

CHAP. VIII. Digression about the satisfaction of Christ. The occasion of it. The ground of a great error in this businesse: Gods eternall unchangeable love not inconsistent with satisfaction. Sundry observations thereabouts. What that eternall love is. What alteration wrought thereby in the person loved. Apprehension of Gods e∣ternall love, not justification. How those who are eternally loved, doe actually lye under effects of wrath. What those essects are. Joh. 3. 36. considered.

CHAP. IX. Further of the satisfaction of Christ: 6 Arguments to confirme it from Scripture, how Christ bare our sins. He underwent punishment in our stead. A commutation of persons asserted. Ransome paid into the hands of God. The ran∣some is also a sacrifice. Christ a Surety. Attonement made for sin, and God recon∣ciled. Rom. 5. 11. The Priestly office of Christ, and the exercise of it, overthrown by denyall of his satisfaction. That Christ underwent the wrath of God, proved by three arguments. Satisfaction of Christ, the only bottome for distressed soules. 2 Corin. 5. 21. considered: as also Isa, 53. 5. Obiections against this Doctrine weake.

CHAP. X. The fourteenth argument against universall redemption. Of the merit of Christ: the word what it meanes. How expressed in the Scripture. What it is. The fruits of the merit of Christ. The consequence of merit in the rigour of justice.

The fifteenth argument against universall redemption: to dye for another what in the scripture sense. The force of the Prepositions 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, arguments from thence.

CHAP. XI. The sixteenth Argument against universall redemption. Genesis 3. 15. Matth. 7. 33. Matth. 11. 25, John 10. 11. 15, 16 27. 28. Rom. 8. 32, 33, 34. Ephes. 1. 7. 2 Cor. 5. 21. John 17. 9. Eph 5. 25. urged and explained. The close of the Arguments.

BOOK. IIII.

CHAP. I. ENtrance into generall Answers to Arguments for universall Redemption: the ground of the whole mistake. Fundamentall principles as to this busi∣nesse laid downe. The first, the sufficiency and infinite vertue of the bloud of Christ, proved from the word. The rise and causes of it. Whence it is a price. The

distinction of the sufficiency and efficacy of the death of Christ discussed. The slight esteeme universalists have of the innate efficacy of Christs death. The generall publishing of the Gospell grounded on the fulnesse of the value of Christs oblation. The bottome of calling all to believe. The second, of the oeco∣nomy of the new Testament in the times of the Gospel Consequences of its enlarge∣ment to the Gentiles. Scripture expressions thereby occasioned. The third, mans duty and Gods purpose distinguished. No connexion between them. Commands not declarative of Gods intentions. The offer in the Gospell what it discovers. Some to be saved where the Gospell comes. 3 things declared by the offer. The fourth, the perswasion of the Jewes concerning deliverance by the Messias. Their esteem of all the world beside themselves. The Apostles seasoned with the Leven. By what meanes it was to be removed. The fifth, generall termes taken indefinitely. The letter of the word how a rule. Of the word world A Scheme of the severall acceptations of that word. Those distinctions proved from Scriptue, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 frequent in the scripture. Instances of it in the word world. How only an argu∣ment may be taken from this word. Of the terme all. Christ not said to dye for all men. Different usage and acceptations of the word all: instances of its be∣ing taken distributively: so most usually. Observations about the word all. Pre∣dictions of the old Testament, and accomplishments in the new set out under the same expressions: Scripture speaking of things and persons according to out∣ward appearance and estimation. Priviledges peculiar to beleevers, ascribed pro∣miscuously to others, by profession onely among them. Of the judgement of cha∣rity: instances thereof. The infallible connexion between faith and salvation: The reason of a generall proffer from hence. Whether a conditionate tender, bee declarative of Gods purpose and intention. Of the mixed distribution of E∣lect and Reprobates: The tender of Christ thereon. Men unacquainted with the particulars of that distribution. The sundry acts of faith: the way, order, and method of acting faith on Christ.

CHAP. II. Answers unto particular arguments. Some things premised. The first generall Argument of our opposers. Its absurd inconsequency as ordinarily held forth: no conclusion to be drawne from the word World. John 3. 16. at large considered. Ʋniversallists interpretation of this place. Ours opposed unto it: both these se∣verally weighed. What love here mentioned. A generall naturall propensity in God to the good of the creature disproved. The love which was the cause of sen∣ding Christ, manifested: who meant by the world in this place. Proved that they are the Elect onely, not considered as such: five reasons to confirme this: excep∣tions removed. Who meant by, Whosoever believeth. The intention of God laid downe in these words.

CHAP. III. 1 John 2 1. 2 considered: The argument of our adversaries from this place: A briefe answer to it. Three things considerable about this Text: this Epistle written to the Jewes, proved by sundry reasons. The aime of the Apostle in this place what it is. Of the word Propitiation: what in the originall, and whence derived. Of that phrase the whole world: termes equivolent thereunto, how to be understood: reasons to prove that particularity of redemption from this text, exceptions removed: John 6. 5. 1. considered. 2 Cor. 5. 19. Exceptions of Tho. More refuted. John 1. 9 opened. John 1. 29. explained. John 3. 18. John 4 47. 2. 1 John 4. 14. Answer to the first Argument closed.

CHAP. IIII. The second generall Argument of our opposers: the places by them urged 1 Tim. 2. 4. 6. considered. Objection from thence answered. Who meant by al men; of the will of God: distinctions about it: acceptations of the word: how taken here. Of the sense of the word all: not taken collectively in this place. 5 Reasons to prove it. The full Answer to this objection: T. M. his inforcements waved. 2 Pet. 3. 9. considered, vindicated from corrupt glosses: who the all in that place, proved from the context. Hebr. 2. 9. considered; the text opened by reasons and deductions from the context, 2 Cor 5, 14, 15: opened, an objection thence inforced and answered. Argument from the Text against the universality of Redemption, 1 Cor, 15, 22. opened, and vindicated, Rom 5, 18 at large vin∣dicated: Christ for whom a publicke person: divers errors discovered in the discourse of T, More on this place: seven arguments about the representation of others

CHAP. V. Last Argument from scripture for universall Redemption: the precious blood of Christ undervalued by universalists. Rom. 14. 15: explaned: The vanity of the objection from this place. 1 Cor, 8. 10, 11, considered: how believers are said to perish. 2 Pet. 2. 1. explained. Heb. 10 29, opened: the minde and intention of the Apostle therein: different affirmations concerning professours and others: de∣claration upon conditions how fullfilled: the outward profession of back sliders: initiated persons how esteemed of old: totall perishing of beleevers not to be allow∣ed: what it is to be sanctified by the bloud of the Covenant: the close of answers with the arguments of the Arminians from scripture.

CHAP. VI. Answer to the argument of T. More for universall redemption: universall re∣demption contradictious to Christian reason: his first argument: The plaine words of the scripture, to be followed for the plaine sense: rules of interpreta∣tion allowable: who meant by every man in the scripture Heb. 2. 9, considered: M. More his logick, his second argument, scripture interpretative of it selfe: a vaine flourish of misallegations and uselesse quotations discovered, the places re∣torted: number of arguments vainely pretended: manner of arguing rectified: sophisme of turning indefinite propositions into universalls: answer to the second argument: The 3 M. More his ignorance in arguing: the utter inconsequence of this argument: the vanity and emptinesse of the matter of it. Rom. 14 9. 11, 12 considered: Dominion of Christ over all, proves not that he dyed for all: his 4 ar∣gument: the irregularity of his reasoning herein, the whole answered: his 5 ar∣gument answered: his 6 argument considered in generall: his first proofe of his maine assertion, 1 Ioh 4. 14. Ioh. 1. 4, 7 considered: so also 1 Tim. 2, 4, the will of God to have all saved: what of sufficient grace: His second proofe answered: his third proof, one ever asserted to maintain another: the pretended proof ever∣ted: his fourth proof considered & answered, Ioh. 16, 7, &c unfolded: that testimony removed, his 5 proof, the word boldly corrupted, false glosses removed Eze, 18, 23, unfolded: The scope of the place miserably mistaken: the aime of the Prophet, and intention of the words: his sixth proof: Answer therunto, words and phrases needlesly repeated. Sense of the word all, every man, &c. The Gospell how preach∣ed to all Nations. The ransome of Christ how purposed to all: severall words interpreting one another: his seventh proofe Answered. No tollerable collection

herein: The death of Christ, a priviledge peculiar to the Elect, the ransome not extended to all individualls, the ransome paid in the death of Christ, and other fruits united in the Scripture: his eight proofe considered. Adam and Christ how compared, wberein that comparison lyes: the intention of it in 1 Cor. 15. 22 Christ and Adam two common stocks: roots communicate onely to their owne branches. Proofe the ninteh, Considered, no strength at all herein appeareth: The preaching of the Gospell to all, substance of the Gospell offers: life and salva∣tion proposed conditionally: Ministers not intrusted with Gods secrets: proofe tenth, Considered many vaine suppositions, whether we must pray for all or no? what we may pray for in respect to all individualls: our duty not in conformity to Gods secret will: proofes, 11, 12, 13. Considered, God with his people preach∣ing and praying: what may be proved about the extent of the death of Christ, from the event: the powerfull influence of love and free grace into conversion: as made universall quit enervate, no such common love in God, as by some assigned efficacy of Gods love in Christ: proofe 14 Considered, what unbeliefe the cause of destruction, Christ rejected in loving darknesse rather than light: of Joh. 1. 12. in what sense, light in Christ, for all all men not in a restored condition by Christ: hard hearts further hardening themselves, how men not saved in Christ loose their owne soules, arguments to disprove a pretended restauration in Christ: absurd consequences of that false assertion: proofe 15 Answered, Expostulations about the abuse of temporall mercies, no arguments for a generall ransome, no desires properly in God, expostulations meerely declarative of our duty, proofe, 16. What it is to turne the grace of God into wantonnesse, men of old ordained to condemnation, not redeemed by Christ in time. Proofe, 17, 18. Considered and re∣moved, the conclusion to M^r. More.

CHAP. VII. Sophisme removed, the remonstrants Achilles, The first grand sophisme from the obligation to believe considered: the sense of the objection: what meant by believing, the Minor proposition denyed, reasons of that deniall: the objection reinforced and answered againe, no safe disputing from what might have beene: what faith required in the preaching of the Gospell, the order of believing: ge∣nerals before particulars, the arguments rightly framed and granted, deductions whence. Contradiction in the way of believing from thence, a second so∣phisme; Answered, doubts and scruples in and about believing according to universality, no occasion of scruple given, by the particularity of Redemption, that proposalls whereby the doctrine removes all scruples: free grace enervated by the generall Ransome, instances in every part of it: the whole Co∣venant of distinguishing grace made uselesse. Free grace made uselesse, free grace exalted by the effectuall Redemption of the Elect, the sundrie particulars in∣stanced. The merit of Christ, enervated, by the pretended generall Ransome, ex∣alted by the opposers of it, as also our owne consolation: which is demonstrated by making good foure positions, 1. That the extending the death of Christ to an universalitie in the object cannot comfort those whom God would have. 2. That denying the efficacy of the death of Christ toward those for whom he dyed cuts the nerves of their comforts. 3. Nothing in confining Redemption to the Elect, doth hinder comfort. 4. The doctrine of effectuall Redemption is the true foun∣dation of all comfort.

Some few Testimonies of the Ancients touching the question in hand.