Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions and improvements ; publish'd by Edmund Gibson ...

PRINCES of WALES.

AS for the ancient Princes of Wales of British ex∣traction, I refer the Reader to the Annals of Wales already publish'd: but for the later Princes of the Royal line of England, it seems pertinent to our design, that we add here a short account of them.

Edward the first, (to whom, during his minority, his father Henry the third had granted the Principality of Wales) having (when Lhewelyn ap Grufydh the last Prince of the British blood was slain) cut off in a manner the sinews of the Government, or sovereignty of that Nati∣on, united the same to the Kingdom of England in the 12th year of his reign: and the whole Province swore fealty and allegiance to his son Edward of Caernarvon, whom he con∣stituted Prince of Wales. But this Edward the second con∣ferr'd not the title of Prince of Wales on his son Edward, but only the honour of Earl of Chester and Flint; as far as I could yet learn out of the records of the Kingdom1 1.1. Edward the third, first solemnly invested his son Edward, sirnam'd the Black, with this title2 1.2; who, in the very height of grandeur, died an untimely death. After that he conferr'd the same on his son Richard of Bourdeaux, heir to the crown; who being depriv'd of his Kingdom by K. Hen. 4. died miserably, leaving no issue. The same Henry the fourth3 1.3 conferr'd the Principality of Wales on his eldest son, who was that renowned Prince Henry the fifth. His son Henry the sixth, whose father died whilst he was an infant, conferr'd that honour; (which he never receiv'd him∣self) on his young son Edward; who being taken in the battel of Tewkesbury, had his brains dash'd out cruelly by the York-Party. Not long after, K. Edward the fourth being settl'd in the throne, created his young son Edward (afterwards Edward the fifth) Prince of Wales. And soon after, his Uncle Richard, having dispatch'd him away, substituted in his place his own son Edward, created Earl of Salisbury before by Edward the fourth, but died soon after (which I have but lately discover'd). Afterwards Henry the seventh constituted first his son Arthur Prince of Wales, and after his decease, Henry, famous after∣wards under the title of Henry the 8. On all these the Principality of Wales was conferr'd by solemn Investiture, and a Patent deliver'd them in these words; Tenendus sibi & haeredibus Regibus Angliae, &c. For in those times the Kings would not deprive themselves of so fair an opportunity of obliging their eldest sons, but thought it pru∣dence to engage them with so great an honour, when it seem'd most convenient.

Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward, the children of Henry the eighth, although they receiv'd not the Investiture and Patent, were yet successively stil'd Princes of Wales. For at that time Wales was by Act of Parliament so united and incorporated with England,* 1.4 that they enjoy'd the same Laws and Privileges4 1.5. But now let us return out of Wales into England, and proceed to the Country of the Brigantes.

An INDEX of the Curiosities represented in the TABLE,

• Fig. 1. 2. THE carv'd pillar or monument call'd Maen y Chwyvan in Flintshire.
• Fig. 3. 4. The pillars describ'd in the Hall at Kaer-phyli Castle in Glamorganshire.
• Fig. 5. The Alabaster Statue, found near Porth Shini Krân in Monmouthshire.
• Fig. 6. Maen y Morynnion at Gaer near Brecknock▪
• Fig. 7. The chequer'd Pavement discover'd Anno 1692. at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthshire.
• Fig. 8. A hollow Brick out of a Roman Hypocaust at Kaerhŷn in Caernarvonshire.
• Fig. 9. The Phiala or Bowl describ'd at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthshire.
• Fig. 10. One of the leaden Boxes mention'd at Lhan Boydy in Caermardhinshire.
• Fig. 11. 12. The same open'd.
• Fig. 13. A brass-axe found at Moel yr Henhlys in the Parish of Deròwen in Montgomeryshire.
• Fig. 14. Part of one of the brass Daggers (if we may so call them) found at Karreg Dhiwin in Meirionydh∣shire: with the nails that fasten'd it to the handle.
• Fig. 15. The point of such a Dagger, found at the same place.
• Fig. 16. 17. The Roman Fibula, describ'd at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthshire.
• Fig. 18. A brass Amulet dug out of a Well somewhere in Denbighshire. The other side differ'd not from that which is engraven.
• Fig. 19. A cake of Copper describ'd at Kaer Rhŷn in Caernarvonshire.
• Fig. 20. A gold Medal of Julius Constantius, found at Trevarthin in Anglesey.
• Fig. 21. A British gold coyn (such as they used before the Roman Conquest) found at Penbryn Parish in Cardiganshire.
• Fig. 22. 23. 24. Other British coyns of gold, kept in the Ashmolean Repository at Oxford.
• Fig. 25. 26. The Coyns describ'd at Kaer-Phyli Castle in Glamorganshire.
• Fig. 27. 28. 29. Mock Plants out of a Cole-pit near Neath in Glamorganshire. See a description of them in Flintshire.

On the left-hand of the Table.

• a. An Adder-bead or Glain Neidr of green glass, found at Abèr-Fraw in Anglesey.
• b. Another of earth, enamell'd with blue; found near Dôl Gèlheu in Meirionydhshire.
• c. A third of glass, undulated with white, red, and blue; found near Maes y Pandy in the same County.
• d. Represents one end of the same. Of these Adder-beads, which are supposed to have been Druid-Amulets, some account is given in Denbighshire, Annot. on Kerig y Drudion.

[illustration] table of curiosities

Page 697

More rare Plants growing in Wales.

Acetola Cambro-britannica montana. Park. rotun∣difolia repens Eboracensis, foliis in medio ••eliquium patientibus Moris. hist. Moun••ain round ••aved Sorrels of Wales. On moist high rocks, and by rivul••••s about Snow∣don in Caernarvonshire almost every where; as also by rivulets among the broken rocks of Cader••idris is above a cer∣tain lake called Llin y cau.

Argemone lutea Cambro-britannica Park. Papa∣ver luteum perenne, laciniato folio Cambro britan∣nicum. Yellow wild bastard Poppy. About a mile from a small village called Abbar, and in the midway from Denbigh to Guidar; also near a wooden bridge over the ri∣ver Dee, near to a village called Bala; also going up the hill that leads to Bangor near to Anglesey, Park. p. 270. But more certainly to be found on Clogwyn y Garnedh ys∣colion duon Trigvylche, as you ascend the Glyd••r from Lhan∣beries, and several other places about Snowdon, most com∣monly by rivulets, or on moist rocks: also beyond Pont∣vawr very near the bridge, among the stones. Mr. Lhwyd.

Alsine myosotis lanuginosa Alpina grandiflora, seu Auricula muris villosa flore amplo membranaceo. An Caryophyllus holosteus Alpinus angustifolius C. B. prod? Hairy mountain Mouse-ear Chickweed with a large flower. On the rock called Clogwyn y Garnedh, the high∣est of all Wales, near Lhanberys in Caernarvonshire plenti∣fully.

Adiantum nigrum pinnulis Cicuturiae divisurâ. An Ad album tenuifolium Rutae murariae aecedens J. B. Fine-leaved white Mayden-hair divided like bastard Hem∣lock. On Snowdon hill.

Bistorta minima Alpina, foliis imis subrotundis & minutissimè ferratis D. Lhwyd. Alpina pumila varia Park. pumila foliis variis rotundis & longis Moris. The lea•••• mountain Bisbort, with round and long leaves. In the steep pastures of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 high rock called Grîb Gôch above the lake or pool called Phynon brech near Llanberys. Whe∣ther this be specifically different from the Westmorland Bi∣storta minor, I leave to others, upon comparing the plants, to determine.

Bugula caerulea Alpina-Park. Consolida media cae∣rulea Alpina C. B. Mountain Bugle or Sicklewort. Found o•• Carnedh Lhewellin in Caernarvonshire by Dr. Johnson▪

Caryophyllata montana purpurea Ger. emac. mon∣tana seu palustris purpurea Park. aquatica nutante f••ore C. B. aquatica flore rubro striato J. B. Purple Mountain-Avens or Water-Avens. On Snowdon and other mountains.

Cirsium Britannicum Glusii repens J. B. aliud An∣glicum Park. singulari capitulo magno vel incanum alterum C. B. The great English soft or gentle Thistle, or ••elancholy Thistle. As you ascend the Glyder from Lhan∣berys, and in many other mountainous pastures about Snowdon.

Cirsium montanum humile Cynoglossi folio poly∣••uthemum. An Carduus mollis Helenii folio Park? On Clogwyn y Garnedh, and most other high rocks in Caer∣••••••vonshire about Snowdon.

Cirsium montanum polyanthemum. Salicis folio angusto denticulato. By a rivulet on Gallt ar Ogo near Capel Ceirig, and in other places with the precedent, of which perhaps it may be only a variety.

Chamaemorus Cambro-britannica sive Lancastren∣se Vaccinium nubis Park. The Welsh Knoutberry: said to be found in Wales by Dr. Lobel. We met not with it there.

Cochlearia minor rotundifolia nostras & Parkinsoni. Small round-leaved Scurvy-grass. The lower leaves from the root are round: Those on the stalks angular. On the coast of Caernarvonshire, and likewise of Anglesey, about Beaumaris.

Cotyledon hirsuta P. B. Saniculae Alpinae aliquate∣nus affinis J. B. forte. Hairy Kidney-wort. By the hills and on the moist rocks of many mountains in Wales, as Snowdon, Cader-idris, Carnedh-Lhewelyn, &c. abun∣dantly.

Filix Alpina Pedicularis rubrae foliis subtus villosis D. Lhwyd, pumila, Lonchitidis Marantha species Cambro-britannica, An Lonchitis aspera Ilvensis Lugd? D. Plukenet. Phytograph. Stone-Fern with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 rattle leaves, hairy underneath. On the moist rocks call d Clogwyn y Garnedh, near the top of the mountain Gwydhva the highest in all Wales. It is a rare-plant even at Snowdon.

Filicula petraea florida perelegans seu Adiantum al∣bum floridum. An Adianthum Alpinum crispu•••• Schwenckfeldii J. B.? Small flowering Stone-fern. On Clogwyn y Garnedh, and most other high rocks.

Filix montana ramosa minor argute denticulato D. Lhwyd. Alpina Myrrhidis facie Cambro-britanni∣ca D. Plukenet. Phytograph. Small-branched Mountain-Fern, with finely indented leaves. On the top of the moun∣tain Glyder, where it overhangs the lake or pool called Lhyn Ogwan.

Filix marina Anglica Park. Chamaefilix marina Anglica J. B. Filicula petraea foemina seu Chamaefilix marina Anglica Ger. emac. Filix petraea ex insulis Stoechadibus C. B. Dwarf Sea-fern. On the rocks ab••ut Prestholm Island near Beaumaris, and at Lhandwyn in the Isle of Anglesey.

Filix saxatilis Tragi J. B. Park. Adiantum 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 seu furcatum Thal. Filix corniculata C. B. On the t••p of Carnedh-Lhewelyn near Lhan Lhechyd in Caernarvon∣shire. Horned or forked white Maiden-hair.

Gnaphalium maritimum C. B. maritimum multis J. B. marinum Ger. marinum sive Cotonaria Park. Sea Cudweed or Cottonweed. On the sand near Aberme∣ney-ferry in the Isle of Anglesey plentifully, where the com∣mon people call it Calamus aromaticus, from its sweet scent.

Gramen sparteum montanum spica foliacea grami∣nea P. B. Grass upon grass. On the tops of the highest mountains, Snowdon, Cader-idris, &c. among the stones and moss, where no other Plant grows.

Hipposelinum Ger. emac. Hippos. seu Smyrnium vulgare Park. Macerone, quibusdam Smyrnium, se∣mine magno nigro J. B. Hipposelinum Theophrasti sive Smyrnium Dioscoridis C. B Alexanders. On the rocks about Prestholm Island near Beaumaris plentifully.

Hyacinthus stellatus Fuchsii Ger. stellatus vulgaris sive bifolius Fuchsii Park. parad. stellatus bifolius & trifolius vernus dumetorum flore caeruleo & albo J. B. stellaris bifolius Germanicus C. B. Small vernal St••r-Hyacinth. On the coasts of North-Wales among the bush∣es, and in the adjacent Islands, Bardsey, &c. plentifully.

Juncus acutus maritimus Anglicus Park. English Sea hard Rush. On the southern Sea-coast of Wales.

Juncus acutus capitulis Sorghi C. B. maritimus ca∣pitulis Sorghi Park. pungens, s••u acutus capitulis ••o••∣ghi J. B. Pricking large Sea-Rush, with heads like Indian millet. On the sandy hills on the Western shore of North-Wales, Merionethshire about Harlech.

Juniperus Alpina J. B. Clus. Park. Alpina minor Ger. emac. minor montana folio latiore, fructúque longiore C. B. Mountain Dwarf Juniper. On Snowdon hill. The Country-people call it Savine, and use the deco∣ction of it to destroy the bots in horses.

Lamium montanum Melissa folio C. B. Melissa Fuchsii Ger. Melissophyllon Fuchsii Park. Melissa adulterina quorundam, amplis foliis, & floribus non grati odoris J. B. Baulm-leaved Archangel, Bastar••-Baulm. In the woods about Haverford-West in Pem∣brokeshire.

Leucoium maritimum sinuato folio C. B. mariti∣mum Camerarii J. B. marinum maximum Park. ut & majus ejusdem. marinum purpureum Lobelii G••r. emac. Great Sea-stock-Gillyflower, with a sinuated leaf. On the sandy shores about Abermeney ferry in the Isl•• of Anglesey, and at Aberdaren in Caernarvonshire.

Lychnis Alpina minima. Caryophylleus flos 9 Clu∣sio, Caryophyllus pumilio Alpinus Ger. emac. Lych∣nis Alpina pumila folio gramineo, seu Muscus Alpi∣nus Lychnidis flore C. B. Muscus Alpinus flore insig∣ni dilutè rubente J. B. Ocymoides muscosus Alpinus Park. The least Mountain-Campion or Mosse-Campion. On the steep and higher rocks of Snowdon-hill in Caernar∣vonshire almost everywhere.

Lychnis sylvestris viscosa rubra angustifolia C. B. Park. Odontidi sive Fiori cuculi affinis Lychnis sylv. 1. Clusii in Pannon. 4 in Hist. J. B. Muscipula an∣gustifolia Ger. emac. Narrow-leaved red Catchfly. On the sides of Craig Wreidhin hill in Montgomeryshire.

Alsines myosotis facie Lychnis Alpina flore amplo niveo repens D. Lloyd. Mountain-Campion with a large white flower, resembling Mouse-ear-Chickweed. By the water-courses on the sides of Snowdon-hill plentifully.

Lonchitis aspera C. B. aspera major Ger. aspera major Matthiolo Park. altera cum folio denticulato, sive Lonchitis altera Matthioli J. B. Rough Spleenwort with indented leavss. It springs out of the rifts and chinks of the rocks, in the high Mountains of Snowdon. v. g. Clog∣win y Garnedh, y Grîb Gôch Trygvylchau.

Lithospermum majus Dodonaei, flore purpureo, se∣mine Anchusae J. B. majus Ger. vulgare majus Park. minus repens latifolium C. B. the lesser creeping Grom∣wel. On the top of a bushy hill on the North-side of Denbigh town.

Malva arborea marina nostras Park. English Sea-Tree-Mallow. On the rocks of Caldey Island in South-Wales plentifully.

Muscus clavatus sive Lycopodium Ger. Park. Club∣m••ss or Wolves-claw. On the Mountains every where.

Muscus terrestris foliis retro reflexis J. B. Lycopo∣dium elatius Abieti-forme Julo singulari apode D. Lhwyd. Club-moss with reflected leaves, and single heads, without foot-stalks. It grows together with Cypress-moss on the Mountains of Caernarvonshire; but more rarely. We found it plentifully on the Mountain call'd Rhiwr Glyder above the Lake Lhyn y cwn, and elsewhere on the said Mountain.

Muscus clavatus foliis Cupressi Ger emac. C. B. Cypress-Moss or Heath-Cypress. On Snowdon, Cader-idris, and most other of the high Mountains among the grass.

Muscus erectus Abieti-formis, terrestris rectus J. B. Selago tertia Thal. Upright Fir-moss. On Snowdon, Ca∣der-idris, and other high Mountains.

Muscus terrestris repens, clavis singularibus foliosis erectis. Creeping Club-moss with erect heads. On moist and watery places about springs; and in meadows about Capel Ceirig.

Muscus terrestris erectus minor polyspermos. Seed∣ing Mountain-moss. In moist places and about springs on Snowdon and other Mountains

Muscus Trichomanoides purpureus, Alpinis rivulis innascens. Purple Mountain-water-moss resembling black maiden hair. In the mountainous rivulets.

Muscus croceus saxigena holosericum referens, seu Byssus petraeus. An muscus saxatilis serico similis Com∣melini in Cat. plant. Holland? Saffron-colour'd silken stone-moss. Under high rocks where they are prominent.

Orchis pusilla alba odorata radice palmata. White-handed musk Orchies. On the sides of Snowdon by the way leading frrom Lhanberis to Caernarvon.

Orobus sylvaticus nostras. English wild Wood-Vetch or bitter Vetch. Below Brecknock-hills in the way to Cardiff: and in Merionethshire not far from Bala.

Plantago angustifolia montana. An Alpina angusti-folia J. B. Narrow-leav'd Mountain-Plantain. On the rocks of Trigvylchau above the Lake Lhyn Bochlyn, near the Church of S. Peris.

Polypodium Cambro britannicum pinnulis ad mar∣gines laciniatis. Laciniated Polypody of Wales. On a rock in a wood near Denys Powis Castle, not far from Ca••rdyff in Glamorganshire.

Ranunculus globosus Ger. Park. parad. The Globe-flower or Locker-goulons. In the mountainous meadows, and on the sides of the Mountains plentifully.

Rhodia radix omnium Autorum. Rosewort. On the rocks of the high Mountains of Snowdon and Cader-idris, &c. plentifully.

Sedum Alpinum Ericoides caeruleum C. B. J. B. Mountain Heath like Sengreen with large purple flowers. On the steep and higher rocks of Snowdon almost every where.

Sedum Alpinum trifido folio C.B. Small Mountain-Sengreen with jagged leaves. On Snowdon and oth••r high Mountains, chiefly by the rivulets sides.

Sedum serratum flosculis compactis non maculatis. Indented Mountain Sengreen with unspotted flowers grow∣ing close together. On the highest Mountains, it spring s out of the chinks and commissures of the rocks; as in Clog∣wyn y Garnedh, Crîb y Distilh, Clogwyn du ymhen y Glyder, near Lhanberys.

Thalictrum montanum minus foliis latioribus. The lesser Meadow-rue with broader leaves. On the steep sid••s of the Mountain call'd Cader-idris by Dolgchle in Merio∣nethshire, out of the clefts or chinks of the rocks.

Thalictrum minimum montanum, atro-rubens, foliis splendentibus. The least mountainous Meadow-rue, with shining leaves and dark red flowers. On the moist rocks, and by the rivulets in the Mountains of Caernarvonshire. Mr. Lhwyd. There are two varieties of this, the one with broader, the other with narower leaves.

Thlaspi sive Lunaria vasculo sublongo intorto. Lu∣nar Violet with a wreathen cod. On the Mountains of North-Wales, observ'd by Mr. Lhwyd. Who also found another Plant there on the high rocks call'd Hysväe, hang∣ing over the valley Nant Phrancon in Carnarvonshire, which he intitled Paronychiae similis sed major perennis Alpina repens, of which, having not seen it in the seed, he was in some doubt whether it might not be the same with the precedent.

Thlaspi Vaccaria incano folio perenne. Perennial Mithridate-mustard. In the mountainous part of North-Wales.

Nasturtium petraeum Johnsoni Merc. Bot. part. alt. Dr. Johnsons Rock-cress. On the high Mountains of Caer∣narvonshire and Merionethshire, as Moelyn rudh near Phestiniog, Clogwyn du y yr Ardhus and Clogwyn y Garnedh near Lhanberys.

Bulbosa Alpina juncifolia pericarpio unico erecto in summo cauliculo dodrantali. A certain Rush-leav'd bulbous Plant, having one Seed-vessel on the top of an erect stalk about nine inches high. On the high rocks of Snow∣don, viz. Trigvylchau y Clogwyn du ymhen y Glu∣der, Clogwyn yr Ardhu Crîb y Distilh, &c. Mr. Lhwyd. It hath three or four more narrow and short leaves upon the stalk.

Subularia lacustris seu Calamistrum herba aquatico-Alpina, s. Aizoides Fusiforme Alpinorum lacuum D. Lhwyd. A Spindle-leav'd Water-Sengreen-like Plant, growing in the bottom of a small Lake near the top of Snowdon hill, call'd Phynon vrêch, &c.

Graminifolia plantula Alpina capitulis Armeriae proliferae, D. Lhwyd. A Mountain grass-leav'd Plant with heads like the Cluster-pink. In the pastures at the foot of a certain high rock call'd Clogwyn du ymhen y Gly∣der in Caernarvonshire.

Gladiolus lacustris Dortmanni Clus. cur. post. Glad. lacustris Clusii, sive Leucoium palustre flore caeruleo Bauhini Park. Water Gladiole. In most of the Lakes in North-Wales.

Graminifolia lacustris polifera, seu plantulis quasi novis hinc inde cauliculis accrescentibus. A Grass-leav'd childing Water-plant, having young Plants spring∣ing from the stalks.

Veronica spicata latifolia C. B. Ger. major latifolia, foliis splendentibus & non splendentibus J. B. spicata latifolia major Park. Great broad-leav'd spiked Speedwell or Fluellin. On the sides of a Mountain call d Craig-Wreid∣hin in Montgomeryshire.

Auricula muris pulchro flore, solio tenuissimo J. B. Small fine-leav'd Mountain-Chickweed with a fair flower. On most of the high and steep rocks about Snowdon.

Trichomanes ramosum J. B. aliud, foliis mucrona∣tis profundè incisis Sibbald. Prod. Scot. Branched Eng∣lish black Maiden-hair. On the high rocks about Snow∣don plentifully.

Notes

• 1 1.1

  And by that title summon'd him to Parliament, being then nine years old.
• 2 1.2

  With a Cap of Estate, and a Coronet set on his head, a gold Ring put upon his finger, and a silver Verge deliver'd into his hand, with the assent of Parliament.
• ‖ 1.2.1

  Afterward a golden Verge was used.
• 3 1.3

  At the formal re∣quest of the Lords and Commons.
• * 1.4

  26 He••.
• 4 1.5

  Or that you may read it abridg'd out of the Act of Parliament. "The Kings Country or Dominion of Wales, shall stand and continue for ever incorporated, united, and annex'd to and with the Realm of England; and all and singular person and persons, born and to be born in the said Principality, Country, or Dominion of Wales, shall have, enjoy, and inherit, all and singular Freedoms, Liberties, Rights, Privileges, and Laws within this Realm and other the King's Dominions, as other the King's Subjects naturally born within the same, have, enjoy, and inherit: and the Laws, Ordinances, and Statutes of the Realm of England for ever, and none other, shall be had, used, practised, and execu∣ted, in the said Country or Dominion of Wales, and every part thereof, in like manner, form, and order, as they be and shall be in this Realm, and in such like manner and form, as hereafter shall be f••rther establish'd and ordain'd." This Act, and the calm Command of King Henry 7. preparing way for it, effected that in a short time which the violent power of other King's arms, and especially of Henry the fourth, with extream rigour also of laws, could not draw on in many years. For ever since, the British Nation hath continued as faithful and dutiful in their loyal alle∣giance to the Crown of England, as any other part of the Re••lm.