Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions and improvements ; publish'd by Edmund Gibson ...

BƲCKINGHAMSHIRE.

BUckinghamshire abounding exceedingly in Beech-trees, which the Saxons call Buc∣ken, 'tis probable that from them the chief town Buckingham had its name; and from that the whole County. For so in Ger∣many, a Country fam'd for plenty of Beeches, is call'd Buchonia; and with us the town of Buckenham in Norfolk is said to be surrounded by that sort of trees [a]. This Shire being of no conside∣rable breadth, is in length extended from the Thames northward. On the South it hath Barkshire divided from it by the Thames: on the West, Oxfordshire: on the North, Northamptonshire: on the East, first Bedfordshire, then Hartfordshire, and afterwards Mid∣dlesex. The Soil is for the most part very fruitful, the inhabitants thick and numerous, who generally fol∣low grazing. The County is divided into two parts; the one a mountainous, or rather hilly country, toward the south and east, call'd Chiltern, in Saxon Cyltern; the other seated below this to the north, call'd the Vale.

* 1.1Chiltern hath its name from the nature of the soil, Cylt or Chilt in Saxon signifying Chalk. For it ri∣seth, for the most part, into chalky hills, cover'd with woods and groves of Beeches. Heretofore it was so thick with trees, that they rendred it impassible; but these were afterwards in a great measure clear'd by Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans, they being a common receptacle and harbour for thieves [b]. In this part where the Thames windeth it self round the bottom of the hills, is seated Marlow,* 1.2 a pretty considerable town, that has its name from a sort of chalky clay which we call Marle: this being spread upon the fields, so fattens and enriches the soil, that after one years lying fallow, they are always fit for tillage, and what they receive of the husbandman, repay with wonderful increase.

Nigh this town, a little river cuts its way into the Thames; on the turning of which is seated High-Wickham,* 1.3 or rather Wicomb, and perhaps may have receiv'd its name from thence. For the German-Saxons call the winding of a sea or river Wick1 1.4; and in England there are abundance of places of like de∣nomination. This town for largeness and beauty compares with the greatest in the County; and as 'tis a Borough-town, and govern'd by a Mayor, it may justly enough be preferr d to most of the rest. About the time of the conquest, Wigod de Wallengford was Lord of the Borough of Wicomb, and of the* 1.5 out-village belonging to it, as an old Inquisition expresses it. After whose death Henry 1. appropriated it to the Crown. But afterwards King John divided the out-village be∣tween† 1.6 Robert de Vipont and Alan Basset [c]. In the north of Wicomba 1.7 is the highest eminence* 1.8 of these parts, whence it still keeps the British name Pen; for they call the head or top of any thing Pen. Whence the Pennine Alps, and the Apennine, and se∣veral mountains among us seem to be derived. Not far hence lyes Bradenham,* 1.9 of a healthy and commo∣dious situation; which is the chief residence of the Barons of Windsor (of whom we have spoken in Bark∣shire) ever since William Lord Windsor, in the memo∣ry of our fathers, built here a seat for his Fa∣mily2 1.10.

Having receiv'd that rivulet, the Thames keeps on its course to Eaton, famous for its Seminary of learn∣ing;* 1.11 b 1.12 founded (as I have said before) by that pious and good Prince Henry 6. A few miles from hence, Thames is augmented by the river Cole, which here

dividing Buckinghamshire and Middlesex, gives name to Colebrook.* 1.13 This the exact distance from Walling∣ford and London, sufficiently proveb 1.14 to be the Pontes* 1.15 of Antoninus. Nor is there any other town between those two places, to which the name of Pontes or Bridges doth more properly agree. For here Cole is divided into four chanels, which for the convenience of travellers have so many bridges over them; and that this name is deriv'd from them, is plain from the very word. In the same manner as Gephyrae a Town of Boeotia, and Pontes in Gaul whence the County of Ponthieu was so call'd3 1.16; which (by the by) fell to the English Crown in right of Eleanor Queen to Edw. 1. who was sole heir of it in right of her mother [d]. With these divisions of its streams the Cole makes here several pleasant Islands, into which the Danes fled in the year 894. from King Alfred, who closely pursu'd them; and were protected by the natural strength of the place, till the King for want of for∣rage was oblig'd to draw off his army. On this turn∣ing of the river stands Eure* 1.17 or Euer, a little village, which after King John had given to John Fitz Robert Lord of Clavering, his younger sons Hugh and Ro∣bert took thence their name: from the former of whom the Lords of Eure, and from the latter the Fa∣mily of Eure in Axholm is descended. More inward we meet with two places which we must by no means pass by4 1.18. Stoke-pogeis,* 1.19 call'd so from the Pogeis for∣merly Lords of it, from whom it devolv'd by right of inheritance on the Hastings [e], of which family Edward Lord Hastings of Loughborough, founded here an Hospital for poor people5 1.20, and his nephew by the brother, Henry Earl of Huntingdon, built a splendid house. The other place is Farnham, the same (as I take it) which was call'd Fernham-Royal.* 1.21 This the Barons Furnival heretofore held by this service, That on the Coronation-day they should be oblig'd to find a glove for the King's right hand, and to support his left arm as long as he held the royal Sceptre. From the Furnivals it de∣s••ended by the daughter of Thomas Nevil to the Tal∣bots Earls of Shrewsbury, who, though by way of exchange they surrender'd up this Manour to Henr. 8. yet reserv'd that honourable office to themselves and their heirs for ever.

The Cole being joyn'd higher by another rivulet from the west, carries it along; on which the first place observable is Missenden,* 1.22 where a Monastery was founded by the D'oilys, and endow'd by the noble family surnam'd de Missenden6 1.23. Next in the vale standsc 1.24 Amersham,* 1.25 in Saxon Agmundesham; which can neither boast of its building nor populousness, but may justly be proud of its Lord Francis Russel Earl of Bedford, who liv'd an exact pattern of vertue and true honour, entirely belov'd by all good men. But the chief seat of the Earls of Bedford is Cheyneis,* 1.26 something more toward the East, where John the first Earl of this family and his son, the fore-mention'd Francis, lye entomb'd together. To Cheyneis adjoyneth66 1.27 La∣timers,* 1.28 call'd heretofore Isel-hamstead, hut had the present name from the Lords of it the ancient Ba∣rons Latimer. Here Sir Edwyn Sandys Kt. who mar∣ried the only daughter of Baron Sandys, hath a fine seat7 1.29.

Passing hence scarce three miles northward we come to the ••idge of the Chiltern hills, which divides the whole Shire from south-west to north-east, through many little villages; of which the most considerable is Hamden,* 1.30 whence the ancient family in this County took their name. On the eastern angle of the hills, upon a descent, stands Asheridge,* 1.31 formerly a house of pleasure of the Kings, where Edmund Earl of C rnwal, son to Richard King of the Romans, found∣ed a Monastery for a new Order of Religious men, by him first brought into England, call'd* 1.32 Bon-hommes8 1.33: they wore a sort of sky-colour'd habit after the man∣ner of the Hermits. From the top of these hills we have a clear and full prospect of the Vale,* 1.34 which I said was the other part of the County. It is altoge∣ther champain; the soil is chalky, stiff, and fruitful. The rich meadows feed an incredible number of sheep, whose soft and fine fleeces are sought after, even from Asia it self [f]. Here are no woods unless on the west side, where among others is Bernwood9 1.35, about which in the year 914. the Danes committed great outragesd 1.36, and then perhaps was ruin'd that ancient Burgh, as Roman money found there doth witness, which was afterwards a Royal village of Edward the Confessor, though it be now a small Country-town, and instead of Buri-hill, is by contraction call'd Brill* 1.37 [g]. In this low part of the County, though stor'd suffi∣ciently with towns and villages, yet we meet with few worth our observation, and they seated by the Thames, or by the Isis or Ouse.

Not far from the river Thames, which watereth the south part of the Vale, stands on a rising ground a very fair Market-town, large and pretty populous, surrounded with a great number of pleasant meadows and pastures, and now call'd Ailsbury;* 1.38 whence the whole Vale is commonly term'd The Vale of Ailsbury. The Saxons call'd it 'Aeglesburge,e 1.39 when Cuth∣wolph the Saxon took it by force in the yearf 1.40 572. As for its old British name, that through the injury of time is quite lost. This town was heretofore chiefly famous for St. Aedith* 1.41 a native of it, who when she had prevail'd with her father Frewald to give her this for her portion, presently upon perswasion of some Religious persons, left the world and her husband, and taking on her the habit of a Nun, grew so cele∣brated for her sanctity, that in that fruitful age of Saints she is reported to have done several miracles, together with her sister Edburg,* 1.42 from whom Edburton a little village among the hills takes its name.* 1.43 In the time of the Conquerour this was a Manour-royal, and several yard-lands were here given by the King, upon condition that the holders of them should find Litter (i.e. straw) for the King's bed (I hope the nice part of the world will observe this,) whenever he should come thither [h]. In the reign of Edw. 1. cer∣tain Knights surnam'd de Ailsbury, who bore for arms a Cross argent in a field azure, are reported (but how truly I know not) to have been Lords of this place. Yet so much is certain, that these Knights were emi∣nent in those times; and that by marriage with an heiress of the Cahaignes (formerly Lords of Middleton Cahaignes) they came to a plentiful estate, which fell afterwards by marriage to the Chaworths or de Ca∣durcis, and Staffords10 1.44. The greatest repute it now hath is for Cattel. It owes much to the munificence of Lord chief Justice Baldwin, who not only a∣dorn'd it with several publick edifices, but rais'd an excellent Causey for about three miles, where the road is deep and troublesome. All round about are fed a vast number of well-fleec'd sheep, to the great profit and advantage of their owners; especially at Querendon,* 1.45 a Lordship belonging to the very eminent Sir Henry Lee Knight of the Garter; Eythorp* 1.46 once to the Dinhams, now to the Dormers Knights; and Winchin∣don* 1.47 to the Godwins Knights, &c. [i].

By the Thames, down lower we meet with no∣thing memorable, unless Cherdsley* 1.48 be (as many think it is) theg 1.49 Cerdic-slega of the Saxons, so call'd from Cerdicius who had here a sharp engagement with the Britains. Nigh to this place is Credendon, now Cren∣don, which was the seat of the Honour of Giffard,

by which name that vast estate was call'd that fell to Walter Gifford at the Conquest;11 1.50 who, being made Earl of Buckingham, founded (as 'tis thought) the Monastery of Notesley;* 1.51 and his Cousinh 1.52 Hugh de Bole∣bec, from whom by a female the Earls of Oxford are descended, held here several manours of him. The ruins of Bolebec-castle* 1.53 appear hard by in the Parish of Whitchurch12 1.54.

Usa or Ouse, formerly Isa, and the second Isis, which flows gently through the northern part of this Shire, rising in Northamptonshire, and presently en∣tring this County with but a small current, passeth by Bitlesden,* 1.55 which Robert de Mapertshal Lord of the place gave to Osbert de Clinton Chamberlain to Hen. 1. [k], (a powerful man at Court) to save him from being punish'd as a Felon for stealing one of the King's hounds. But he receiv'd it back again from the Chamberlain with a Kinswoman of his in marriage. Yet in the Civil Wars in K. Stephen's time he lost it again, and Ernald de Bosco, by the favour of Robert Earl of Leicester, got it; who in the year 1127. founded there a little Monastery for Cistertian Monks [l]. The next place that the Ouse visits is Buckingham,* 1.56 the chief town of the County, which Edward the Elder, in the year 1915. (as Marianus hath it) fo••tified with a rampire and turrets on both sides of the bank, against the incursions of the Danes. Yet it seems to have been no considerable place in the first times of the Normans; since in the reign of the Confessor (as Domesday book informs us) it paid only for one hide, and had twenty six Burgesses. The town is seated on a low ground: the Ouse, very commodious for the mills, surrounds it on all sides but the north. The Castle, seated in the middle of the town upon a great mount, of whose very ruins scarce any thing now remains, as it were divideth the town into two parts; the greater of these is to the north, where stands the Town-hall;i 1.57 the lesser to the west, in which there is a Church (though not very ancient) where was the Coffin of St. Rumbald* 1.5813 1.59 bornk 1.60 at King's Sutton a neighbouring village, and by our ancestors esteem'd a14 1.61 Saint [m].

Hence the Ouse moves, with a gentle current, to the north-east. More easterly from the river, toward the woods, is Whaddon,* 1.62 formerly the seat of the Gif∣fards, who were hereditary Keepers of Whaddon-Chase under the Earl of Ulster; from whom that office descended to the Pigots, who sold it into ano∣ther family. Here is now the residence of the war∣like family of the Barons Grey of Wilton,* 1.63 who held the adjoyning manour of Eaton by the service of keeping one Gerfalcon of the King's; whence that family bears for their crest a falcon sitting on a glove. Not far hence lies Saulden,* 1.64 where there is a neat house built by the honourable and learned Knight Sir John For∣tescue (who for his prudence and integrity was made Chancellour of the Exchequer15 1.65, and privy Counsellor to Queen Elizabeth and King James 1.) for him and his family. On the other side of the river, not far from the bank, are16 1.66 Leckhamsted* 1.67 the seat17 1.68 of the Tirrils; Lillingstone,* 1.69 of the ancient family of the De-hairel, commonly Dairell; and Luffeld,* 1.70 where there was formerly a Monastery founded by Robert Earl of Leicester; but the Monks dying all of the plague, caus'd it to be deserted. Higher on the south-bank of the river, the most considerable place is Stony-Stratford,* 1.71 from the stones, the publick street, and the ford; because the buildings are of Free-stone, which is dug plentifully at Caversham hard by; and because 'tis seated on the publick street or high-way, commonly term'd Watlingstreet, which was a military way of the Romans. Some remains of it are plainly to be seen beyond the town. There was too a ford, though it be now scarce passable. The town is of a considerable largeness, beautified with two Churches. In the middle stands a Cross (though not very splen∣did) erected in memory of Queen Eleanor of Spain, wife to Edw. 1. and adorn'd with the Arms of Eng∣land, Castile, and Leon, and of the County of Pon∣thieu, to which she was heiress [n]. Where for∣merly the Ford was, the Ouse is now kept in by a stone-bridge, whereas before it us'd in winter-floods to break out into the neighbouring fields with great violence. On the other side of the bank, which is something higher, the inhabitants report the town to have heretofore stood. Hard by is Pasham,* 1.72 so call'd from passing the river; so that it may probably be that pass which Edward the Elder maintain'd against the plundering Danes, while he was fortifying Tor∣cester. But after the building of the bridge at Stony-Stratford, this pass was wholly neglected. If I should guess this town to have been the Lactorodum* 1.73 of An∣toninus, not only it's situation on a military way, and the exact distances, would favour my conjecture,* 1.74 but the signification too of Lactorodum (fetch'd from the British tongue) agreeing excellently with this mo∣dern name: for the words in both languages are de∣riv'd from Stones and a Ford. Passing hence, the Ouse washes Wolverton* 1.7518 1.76, the seat of the Longavils; and Newport-Paynel,* 1.77 so call'd from the Lord of it, Fulk Paganel. From whom it descended to the Ba∣rons Somers of Dudley, who had here their castle. Thence thro' Terringham,* 1.78 giving name and habitati∣on to an ancient family [o], it runs to Oulney,* 1.79 a small market-town. Thus far, and a little farther, reaches the County of Buckingham, limited by the Ouse.

The first Earl of Buckingham (as far as I can yet understand) was Walter sirnam'd Giffard, son to Os∣bern de Bolebec, a most famous man among the Nor∣mans, whom in a Charter of Hen. 1. we find among the witnesses by the name of the Earl of Buckingham. He was succeeded in this honour by a son of the same name, who in the book of Abingdon-Monastery is stil'd Earl Walter the younger, and is said to have dy'd19 1.80 in the year 1164. In the reign of Hen. 2. Richard Strang-bow Earl of Pembroke20 1.81, descended from the sister and heiress of Walter Giffard the second, in some publick instruments made use of the same title. But it afterwards lay vacant for a long time, till con∣ferr'd by Rich. 2. in the year 1377. on his Uncle Tho∣mas of Woodstock, (of whom we have spoke before among the Dukes of Glocester.) Of his daughter married to Edmund Earl of Stafford, was born Hum∣phry Earl of Stafford, created Duke of Buckingham by Hen. 6.21 1.82. for whom valiantly fighting, he was slain at the battel of Northampton. To him suc∣ceeded his grandson Henry (by his sonl 1.83 Humphry,) who was the chief means of bringing that tyrant Rich. 3. to the Crown: though he presently after en∣deavour'd to depose him, because he would not re∣store him the estate of the Bohuns, to which he was lawful heir [p]. But being intercepted, he lost his head, and found too late, that Tyrants common∣ly pull down those Scaffolds by which they ascended to their grandeur. His son Edward being restor'd to all by the kindness of Hen. 7. through the wicked practices of Cardinal Wolsey, lost the favour of Hen. 8. and was at last beheaded for treason; for that, among other things, he had consulted a Wizzard about the Succession. He dy'd much lamented by all good men. When the Emperour Charles 5. heard of his death, he is reported to have said22 1.84, that a Butchers Dog had tore down the finest Buck in England23 1.85; alluding to Car∣dinal Wolsey's being the son of a Butcher. After∣wards the splendour of this family so decay'd, that they enjoy'd only the bare title of Earls of Stafford24 1.86.

There are in this County 185 Parishes.

ADDITIONS to BƲCKINGHAMSHIRE.

THIS County is in length reckon'd to be 39 miles; in breadth 18. and the whole circumference, about 138.

[a] Though Beeches may grow here in great plenty, yet I cannot conceive the name of the shire or its principal town drawn from them. For the Saxons did not call those trees bucken, but (as appears by Aelfrick's Glossary) bocas, and any thing made of it, becen. Now our most ancient records showing neither Bockingham nor Beckingham, but con∣stantly retaining the second Letter (u), it is much more natural to derive it from the Saxon buc, which the same Aelfric interprets cervus, (a buck or hart;) nothing being more probable than that those woody parts abounded with Dere. As to the Buckenham in Norfolk, urg'd by Mr. Camden to justifie his con∣jecture, being (as he says) full of beeches; we have the authority of* 1.87 Sir Henry Spelman, that no such trees grow thereabouts: which enclin'd him rather to choose the Saxon buc cervus, for its original.

[b] Chiltern,* 1.88 by the Saxon Annals call'd Clitern, our Author tells us, comes from cylt or chylt, be∣ing a chalky soil. In the language of the Saxons there does not appear to be any such word, (they always expressing that by cealc,) and 'tis certain that in their time it had this name. Mr. Somner interprets it locus gelidus, upon what grounds I know not, unless he have respect to our present Chil. In the year 1009. the Danes pass'd over these hills in their journey out of Kent into Oxfordshire; upon the mention whereof Florence of Worcester has it, Saltus qui dicitur Clitern, by which it appears that in those days this tract of hills was one continued wood, as perhaps were a great many in other parts of England, which are since converted to better uses.

[c] To go along with our Author through the County; at Wickham* 1.89 was an hospital of St John Bap∣tist, the revenue whereof, upon the general dissoluti∣on of Religious houses, came to the Crown; as also certain rents there belonging to a brotherhood of the Blessed Virgin, call'd our Lady's Rents; all which were by Queen Elizabeth, in the fourth year of her reign, granted to the Mayor, Bayliffs, and Burgesses of Wicomb, for the maintenance of a free Grammar-School and certain Alms-people there. Since which time the Rents being improv'd, more Alms-people have been maintain'd, and An 1684. new Alms-houses were erected and built.

There is no doubt but Wic signifies sinus, and that it gives name to several towns in England; but the rule ought not to be general, because it signifies as well vicus, or castellum, in which latter sense it is us'd particularly in the Saxon Norð-ƿic, Norwich.

[d] The Thames having pass'd by Eaton,* 1.90 receives the river Cole, upon which stands Colebrook, the Pon∣tes of Antoninus, though Stow, Harrison, Hluyd, Le∣land, &c. had rather remove it to Reading in Berk∣shire. Upon this occasion our Author mentions Ponthieu, as coming to the crown of England by Edward the first's Queen, who had it in right of her mother.† 1.91 The mother was Joan, second wife to Ferdinand, third King of Castile, daughter and heir to Simon Earl of Ponthieu.

Higher upon the back of the Cole stands Euer,* 1.92 which took its name from Roger de Ivery, who came in with the Conquerour, and had this, among other possessions, bestow'd upon him. The manour, our Author tells us, was given to John de Clavering by King John;‖ 1.93 but before that it was granted to Ro∣bert his father by Richard 3. anno regni 9. and his son had only a confirmation of it from King John, anno regni 14.

[e] At a little distance from the river is Stoke-Pogeois,* 1.94 which Mr. Camden says came from the Po∣geis hereditarily to the Hastings. It first descended by marriage to the Molins, from them to the Hungerfords, and by Thomas Lord Hungerford's daughter and sole heir being married to Edward Lord Hastings and Hungerford, to the Hastings. In this parish-Church, George and Anne the first Earl and Countess of Hun∣tingdon lye interr'd; which probably might induce Edward Lord Hastings of Loughborough, their third son, greatly favour'd and advanc'd by Queen Mary, to found an Hospital here, which still remains; and whither he himself, upon the death of that Queen, retir'd to a house adjoyning, and there dy'd. He is bury'd in a Chapel built by him for the use of the Hospital.

[f] Passing the hills which divide this County, we come to the western-part of it; where Ickford* 1.95 upon the river Tame is thought to be the place of Treaty between King Edward and the Danes An. 907. call'd by the Saxons Yttingaford. I had once thought that some remains of that name might still be in Itene (for so New-forest in Hamshire was for∣merly call'd,) or Ifford near Christ-Church in Ham∣shire; but Brompton's writing the place Ichingford, seem to favour the first conjecture.

[g] Farther north is Borstal,* 1.96 famous for the gar∣rison in the time of K. Ch. 1. It was given, together with the Rangership of the forest of Bernwood, by one of the Williams, to Nigel of Borstal, by the li∣very of a horn, which is still preserv'd. This seat through several heirs females of divers names came to the Denhams, and from thence by one of the daugh∣ters of Denham, to the family of Lewis of Wales, whose daughter and heir now enjoys it.

[h] Passing to the east, we are led to the fruitful Vale of Alesbury, wherein one (lately) entire pasture call'd Beryfield* 1.97 (now part of the inheritance of Sir Robert Lee Baronet) in the manour of Quarendon, is let yearly for 800 l.

At the town of Alesbury,* 1.98 our Author informs us of an odd sort of tenure, on condition to find straw for the King's bed.* 1.99 It was held by William of Ales∣bury; and beside that service, he was likewise to straw his chamber, and to provide him three eeles whenever he should come thither in winter. If he came in summer, besides straw for the bed, he was to provide sweet herbs for the King's chamber, and two green-geese. All which he was to do thrice every year, if the King came so often thither. The town has given the title of Earl to Robert Bruce, created by K. Charles 2. An. 1664.

[i] Not far from hence is Upper Winchindon,* 1.100 a seat of the Lord Wharton,† 1.101 which probably came to that family by Philip Lord Wharton marrying Jane the daughter and heir of Arthur Godwin of that parish Esq to whose family our Author observes it former∣ly belong'd.

[k] Upon the Ouse lyes Bitlesden;* 1.102 on the men∣tion whereof Mr. Camden says that Osbert de Clinton was Chamberlain to King Henry 1. He certainly liv'd later; for in 10 Henr. 2.‖ 1.103 I find him mention'd as then living. Geffrey Clinton the first of that family was indeed Lord Chamberlain to King Henry 1. and was succeeded by his son of the same name.

[l] The same river carries us to Buckingham,* 1.104* 1.105 near which town, upon the banks of the Ouse, Aulus Plautius's first victory over the Britains seems to have been gain'd. Near the Church, was once a stately Prebend-house belonging to the Church of Lincoln, which was endow'd with Lands of 1000 l. per An. Here was also a Chapel, call'd St. John Baptist's, found∣ed by Thomas Becket, and now converted into a Free-school.

[m] In this Hundred is Caversfield,* 1.106 whether so call'd from Carausius, as if one should say Carausius's field, I dare not be positive.† 1.107 However, 'tis very probable from the circumstances, that this is the very place where Allectus slew Carausius in battel.

Upon the south-bank of the Ouse lyes Thornton,* 1.108 an∣ciently the seat of the Norman family of Chatylion, which passing through the families of Barton and In∣gleton, is now the possession of Sir Thomas Tirrel Ba∣ronet, descended from an heir-general of Robert In∣gleton,

[illustration]

[illustration]

[illustration]

BEDFORD SHIRE By Rob^t. Morden.

the last of that name in the beginning of Henry 8. From whom are also descended both the other families of the Tyrrels in this County, of Castle∣thorp and Okeley: and they all descended from one common Ancestor, Humphrey Tyrrel, nephew of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who was also one of the coheirs of Sir Humphrey le Bruin, as well as the said Tyrrel; as Mr. Camden himself has shown in Essex.

[n] Not far from hence upon the same river, is Stony-stratford,* 1.109 where our Author mentions a Cross erected in memory of Eleanor, Edward the first's Queen. She dy'd at Hareby in Lincolnshire, and such crosses were erected between that and Westminster in all places where the corps rested. Our Author is enclin'd to believe that this is the old Lactorodum, (for so he writes it, though it is more commonly Lactadorum, and sometimes Lactodrodum and Lacto∣rudum.* 1.110) * The old town in Gaul, call'd Lactorate, perhaps might give it the name; since † Caesar has observ'd that the Gauls coming over hither gave the same names to towns, as those they had left behind them.

[o] The Ouse carries us next to Terringham; which family there of the same name, by the death of Sir William Terringham without heir male, is now almost quite extinct. His only daughter and heir is marry'd to John Backwell Esq.

[p] In the account of the Earls, Mr. Camden tells us, that Henry Duke of Buckingham's reason for plotting against Richard 3. was, that King's detain∣ing from him the estate of the Bohuns. But this cannot be the cause;‖ 1.111 for after that Tyrant's advance∣ment, he sign'd a bill for Livery of all those Lands unto him, whereunto he pretended a right by descent from Humphrey de Bohun, sometime Earl of Hereford, and Constable of England. Mr. Dugdale has given us an abstract of it; and is of opinion that the cause of this his carrriage; was either remorse of consci∣ence for raising that King to the throne by the bar∣barous murther of his nephews, or else his observing himself neglected by him.

Continuation of the DUKES.

After the attainder and execution of Edward, the title lay vacant till the 14th of Jac. 1. when George Viscount Villers, was created Earl of Buckingham, the next year Marquess of Buckingham; and by a Patent bearing date 18 Maii, 21 Jac. 1. Duke of Buck∣ingham. This George being kill'd by one Felton at Portsmouth, Aug. 23. An. 1628. was succeeded by George his son, who dying Apr. 16. 1687. left the title vacant.

More rare Plants growing wild in Buckinghamshire.

I have not had opportunity of searching this County for Plants, neither have any singular, local, or uncommon species growing there, as yet come to my knowledge, save only

Sphondylium montanum minus angustifolium, te∣nuiter laciniatum, observed by Dr. Plukenet near St. Giles Chalfont in the mountainous meadows.

Notes

• * 1.1

  C••••ltern.
• * 1.2

  Marlow.
• * 1.3

  High-Wickham.
• 1 1.4

  And Comb a low valley.
• * 1.5

  Villa Fo∣rins••ca.
• † 1.6

  De veteri ponte.
• a 1.7

  About Coleshil 'tis observ'd to be higher than at Pen, the former place being equal to the B••ll-windows of Pen-steeple.
• * 1.8

  Hujus re∣gionis.
• * 1.9

  Bradenham
• 2 1.10

  Whose father Sir Andrew descended from the old stemme of ancient Barons, K. Hen••y 8. dignify'd with the honour of Baron Windsor.
• * 1.11

  See in Barkshire.
• b 1.12

  The foundation-Charter bears date at Windsor Sept. 12. 19 Henr. 6.
• * 1.13

  Colebroke.
• b 1.14

  Mr. Burton in his Comment upon the Itinerary, as he follows Mr. Camden generally, so here he agrees with him; but Stow, Harrison, Lloyd, Leland, &c. fix the Roman Pontes at Reading in Barkshire.
• * 1.15

  Pontes.
• 3 1.16

  And our Tunbridge, and others.
• * 1.17

  Eure.
• 4 1.18

  Burnham, better known by the Hedergs, Lord Huntercombs and Scudamores (who were Lords thereof and of Beconsfield successively by inheritance) than by it self.
• * 1.19

  Stoke-pogeis.
• 5 1.20

  Making h••mself one of their Society.
• * 1.21

  Fernham-Royal.
• * 1.22

  Missenden.
• 6 1.23

  Upon a vow for escaping shipwrack.
• c 1.24

  This town was all along call'd Agmundesham or Agmondesham, as far as the time of K. Henr. 7.
• * 1.25

  Amersham.
• * 1.26

  Cheyneis.
• 66 1.27

  On the one side.
• * 1.28

  Latimers.
• 7 1.29

  On the other side Chesham Bois, where, and at Draiton Beauchamp the family of Cheneis hath anciently flourish'd.
• * 1.30

  Hamden.
• * 1.31

  Asheridge.
• * 1.32

  Bo••i-homin••••
• 8 1.33

  Who pro∣fess'd the rule of St. Austin.
• * 1.34

  The V••••e.
• 9 1.35

  Whose foresters surnam'd de Borstall were famous in former times. Nigel de Berstall was so sirnam'd from having kill'd a wild boar in that forest, for which he had from the King one hide of arable land, call'd Dere-hyde; and on that he built a mansion, and call'd it Bore-stale in memory of t••e slain boar.
• d 1.36

  There is no tradition or authority that this town was ever call'd Burgus, or that it was ever sackt by the Danes. By a late Author (Kennet's Parochial Antiquitat. p. 41.) it is deriv'd from Bruel, a thorny place, from bruer, a thorn.
• * 1.37

  Brill.
• * 1.38

  Ailsbury.
• e 1.39

  As also Aeglesbyrg, Aeglesburch, A••geles∣burh.
• f 1.40

  571. Chronicon Saxonic. from whence also we learn that in 921. the Danes leaving the siege of Tocester, and coming upon the unarm'd people, took a great booty of men and cattel between Bernwood and A••lsbury.
• * 1.41

  St. Aedith.
• * 1.42

  Edburg.
• * 1.43

  Now commonly Middleton-cheney.
• 10 1.44

  Of Grafton, &c.
• * 1.45

  Querend••••
• * 1.46

  Eythorp.
• * 1.47

  Winchin∣don.
• * 1.48

  Cherd••••ey.
• g 1.49

  The true reading is Gerdices-leag.
• 11 1.50

  Whose son, the second Earl of Buckingham, and Ermingard his wife, built the Abbey of Noteley thereby in the year 1112. So Holland.
• * 1.51

  Note••••ey.
• h 1.52

  See in Northumberland under the title, Barony of Bolebec.
• * 1.53

  Bolebec-••••••••••e.
• 12 1.54

  Near unto which is Ascot, the principal mansion-house of the Dormers, from whence descended the Dutchess of Fesia in Spain, and others of noble note.
• * 1.55

  B••••••esden.
• * 1.56

  Bucking∣ham.
• i 1.57

  918. Chron. Sax.
• * 1.58

  S Rumbald.
• 13 1.59

  A child.
• k 1.60

  Yet our Author, in Northamptonshire, says this Saint was born at Brackley in that County.
• 14 1.61

  Child-Saint, and much fam'd with many miracles.
• * 1.62

  Whaddon.
• * 1.63

  Barons Grey of Wilton.
• * 1.64

  Saulden.
• 15 1.65

  And of the Dutchy of Lancaster.
• 16 1.66

  Stow of the family of the Temples.
• * 1.67

  Le••kham∣sted.
• 17 1.68

  Of the Greenwaies.
• * 1.69

  L l ingston.
• * 1.70

  L••••feld.
• * 1.71

  Stony-Stratford.
• * 1.72

  Pasham.
• * 1.73

  Lactoro∣dum.
• * 1.74

  Leach in British sig∣nifies Stones, Ri and Ryd a Ford.
• * 1.75

  Wolverton.
• 18 1.76

  Anciently Wolverington, the seat of an ancient family so sirnam'd, whose lands are nam'd in Records The Barony of Wolver∣ington, from whom it came to the house of Longvilles of ancient descent in these parts.
• * 1.77

  Newport-Paynel.
• * 1.78

  Terring∣ham.
• * 1.79

  Oulney.
• 19 1.80

  Issucless.
• 20 1.81

  Call'd Conquerour of Ireland.
• 21 1.82

  With an invidious precedence before all Dukes in England.
• l 1.83

  This Humphrey was slain in the life-time of his father the Duke at the battel of S. Albans, 34 Hen. 6.
• 22 1.84

  As 'tis written in his life.
• 23 1.85

  To the name Buckingham, and &c.
• 24 1.86

  Whereas they were stil'd before Dukes of Buckingham, Earls of Stafford, Hereford, Northampton, and Perch; Lords of Brecknock, Kimbolton, and Tunbridge.
• * 1.87

  Iceni, MS.
• * 1.88

  Chiltern.
• * 1.89

  Wickham.
• * 1.90

  Eaton.
• † 1.91

  D•• Tillet Recueil de R••ys de France.
• * 1.92

  Euer.
• ‖ 1.93

  Dugd. Bar. T. 1. p. 107.
• * 1.94

  Stoke-Pogeois.
• * 1.95

  Ickford.
• * 1.96

  Bor••tal.
• * 1.97

  Beryfield.
• * 1.98

  Alesb••••y.
• * 1.99

  Placit C•• ••on. de ••∣no 14 Ed. 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.100

  Upper W••••∣chindon.
• † 1.101

  Dugd Ba•••• T. 3 p. 3••••.
• * 1.102

  Bitlesden.
• ‖ 1.103

  Dugd B•••••• T. 1. p. 522.
• * 1.104

  Bucking∣ham.
• * 1.105

  Paroch. Ant q•• ty Mr K•••••••• p. 7.
• * 1.106

  Caversfie••••
• † 1.107

  Paroch. Ant. p. 1••.
• * 1.108

  Thornton.
• * 1.109

  ••••••ny-••••••tford.
• * 1.110

  ••urton's ••••erar. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3. ••e Bel. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. l. 5.
• ‖ 1.111

  Dudg. Bar. T. 1. p. 168.