Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions and improvements ; publish'd by Edmund Gibson ...

DERBYSHIRE.

ON the West of Nottinghamshire lies the County of Derby, in Saxon Deorbi-scyre, commonly Derbyshire, which is bounded on the south by Leicestershire, on the west by Stafford∣shire, on the north by Yorkshire; in the form (as it were) of a triangle, but not equi∣lateral. For from the south point of it, where 'tis hardly six miles broad, it grows so wide on both sides, that towards the north, it is about thirty miles in latitude: It is divided into two parts by the course of the river Derwent thro' the middle of it, which rising in the north edge of it, flows with its black waters (so colour'd by the soil it runs thro') southward to the Trent: For the Trent crosses through the south point I did but now mention. The east and south parts are well cultivated, pretty fruitful, and have many parks in them. The west part be∣yond the Derwent, call'd Peake, is altogether rocky, rough, mountainous, and consequently barren; yet rich in lead, iron, and coal, and pretty convenient for feeding sheep.

The first thing we meet with remarkable in the South corner is Greisely-castle,* 1.1 a meer ruin, which with the little-Monastery of St. George there, was formerly built by the Lords Greisleys,* 1.2 who derive their pedigree from William son of Nigell, sirnam'd de Greiseley, and have continu'd flourishing, from the time of the Norman Conquest to this very day, in great honour; which they did not a little encrease long ago by marrying the daughter and heir of that anci∣ent family De Gasteneys. Upon the river Dove, which

severs this County from Staffordshire till such time as it runs into the Trent, there is nothing to be seen but Country-villages, and Ashburne a market-town, where the family of the Cockains have long flourish'd; and Norbury, where that noble and particulary anci∣ent family the Fitz-Herberts have long liv'd, of whom was Anthony Fitz-Herbert, highly deserving for his great knowledge of the Common-Law. Not much distant from this place stands Shirley, the old estate of that famous family the Shirleys,* 1.3 descended from one Fulcher; and besides the antiquity of their family, much honour'd and enrich'd by marriages with the heirs of the Breoses, Bassets of Brailesford, Stantons, Lovetts, &c. Here are many places round about which have given both name and seat to famous fa∣milies; namely Longford, Bradburne, Kniveton, from whence the Knivetons of Marcaston and Bradley, of whom is S. Lous Kniveton, to whose study and dili∣gence I am much indebted; also Keidelston, where the Cursons, as they likewise do at Croxton, dwell1 1.4; Rad∣burne, where John Chandos Kt. to whom this place belongs, laid the foundation of a great house; from whom by a daughter this estate hereditarily descend∣ed to the Poles, who live here at this day. But I will leave these particulars to one who designs to give us a compleat description of this County.

Upon the Trent where it receives the Dove, stands Repandunum, (so our Historians call it,) but the Sax∣ons name ita 1.5 Hrepandun, and we at this day Repton;* 1.6 which from a large town is now dwindl'd into a small village. For heretofore it was very famous, both for the burial of Aethelbald that excellent King of the Mercians, (who lost his life by the treachery of his own subjects,) and the other Mercian Kings; and also for the misfortune ofb 1.7 Burthred* 1.8 the last King of the Mercians, who after a reign of 20 years (continu'd by the precarious means of solicitation and bribe∣ry) was here dethron'd by the Danes; or rather forc'd from the pompous misery of reigning; which may shew us how weak and slippery those high places are, that are barely held and supported by mony [a]. After this, not far from the Trent stands Melborn;* 1.9 a castle of the King's now decaying, where John Duke of Bourbon, taken prisoner in the battel of A∣gincourt, was kept nineteen years in custody of Ni∣cholas Montgomery the younger. Scarce five miles from hence, to the Northward, lies the course of the river Derwent, which (as I already observ'd) rising from Peak-hills in the North-border of this County, flows for about thirty miles (sometimes rough and dash'd by a stony passage, sometimes gliding through green meadows) almost in a streight line to the South. Yet in all this long course there is nothing entertaining up∣on it, besides Chattesworth,* 1.10 a house really large, neat, and admirable; which was begun by Sir William Candish or Cavendish Kt. descended from that noble and anci∣ent family de Gernon in Suffolk, and lately finish'd at great expence by his wife Elizabeth, a most famous Lady, at present Countess of Shrewsbury.

Now where the Derwent turns its course to the eastward, and passes by Little-Chester,* 1.11 i.e. a little ci∣ty, where old Roman coins are often dugg up, stands Derby,* 1.12 in Saxon Northƿorthig, and in Danish (as that ancient writer Ethelwerd tells us) Deoraby, the chief town of this Shire, which derives its name from the Derwent upon which it stands, and gives it to this County. The town is neat, pretty large and well inhabited; on the east part of it the river Derwent runs very sweetly with a full and brisk stream under a fair stone bridge, upon which stands a neatc 1.13 Cha∣pel (now neglected) formerly built by our pious An∣cestors. The South-part of the town is cross'd by a little clear river which they call Mertenbroke. It has five Churches in it; the greatest of them, dedica∣ted to All-Saints, has a steeple particularly famous both for height and workmanship. Here the Coun∣tess of Shrewsbury before-mention'd, distrusting to the affection of her heirs, providently built her self a Sepulchre, and piously founded an Hospital just by, for the maintenance of 12 poor people, namely, 8 men and four women. This place was formerly me∣morable for being a harbour to the plundering Danes, till Ethelfleda, that victorious Governess of the Mercians, by surprize took it, and put them to the sword. In Edward the Confessor's time (as it is in Domesday) there were 143 Burgesses in it; which number was so much lessen'd, that in William the first's reign, there were only 100 remaining. These at the feast of S. Martin paid twelve * trabes of corn to the King.* 1.14 Its reputation at present proceeds from the Assizes for the County held there, and from the ex∣cellent good Ale brew'd in it;* 1.15 a word deriv'd from the Danish Oel, and not from Alica, as Ruellius says. The British express'd it by the old word Kwrw, for which Curmi is falsly read in Dioscorides, when he says that the Britanni and the Hiberi (perhaps he means Hiberni) drank Curmi, a liquor made of bar∣ley, instead of wine. For this is our Barley-wine, which Julian the Apostate ingeniously calls, in an Epigram of his, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i.e. Spicigenam Bromon, not Bromium. This is the anci∣ent and peculiar drink of the English and the Bri∣tains, very wholesom; notwithstanding Henry of Auraunches the Norman, Poet-laureat to King Henry the third, plays upon it smartly in these verses;

Nescio quod Stygiae monstrum conforme paludi, Cervisiam plerique vocant: nil spissius illa Dum bibitur, nil clarius est dum mingitur, unde Constat quòd multas faeces in ventre relinquit. Of this strange drink so like the Stygian lake, Men call it Ale, I know not what to make. They drink it thick and piss it wondrous thin; What store of dregs must needs remain within?

However,* 1.16 the most learned man in France does not question but men that drink this liquor, if they avoid excess, will live longer than if they drank wine; and that this is the cause, why some among us that drink ale live to the age of an hundred years. Yet Asclepiades in Plutarch ascribes this longevity to the coldness of the climate which preserves the natural heat of our bodies, when he tells us of the Britains living 120 years.

However, the wealth of this town does in a great measure depend upon a certain kind of retail-trade, which is to buy corn and sell it again to the high∣land countries; for the town consists wholly in a manner of these sort of Merchants [b].

Not far distant from hence the course of the river Derwent lyes through that place where Ralph de Mont∣joy* 1.17 had lands in Edward the first's reign; and then it runs by Elwaston, where was born Walter Blunt, who was rais'd by Edward the fourth to the dignity of Baron of Montjoy2 1.18; whose posterity have equall'd the glory of their descent and family by the orna∣ments of learning; and particularly above the rest, Charles now Earl of Devonshire, Baron of Mont∣joy, Lord-deputy of Ireland, and Knight of the Garter, so eminent for his virtue and learning, that no one is preferable, and but few comparable to him in those respects. Below this place, the Derwent runs into the Trent, which soon after receives Erewash, the boun∣dary between this and Nottinghamshire, in this part. Upon this stands Riseley which belongs to the Wil∣loughbys, of whom as I have heard, was that Sir Hugh Willoughby Kt. who in discovering the frozen Sea near Wardhous in Scandia, was starv'd to death, [ 1553] with his whole company. Near this too stands Sandiacre, or, as others would have it, Sainct Diacre, the seat of that noble family the Greys of Sandiacre,* 1.19 whose estate came to Edward Hilary in right of his wife; his

son took the name of Grey; one of whose daughters and heirs some few years after was marry'd to Sir John Leak Kt. the other to John Welsh.

On the East-side there succeed in order, to the north, Codenor,* 1.20 heretofore Coutenoure, a castle which did belong to the Barons Greys, stil'd Lords Grey of Codenor, whose estate in the last age came by marriage to the Zouches; for John de la Zouch the second son of William Lord de la Zouch of Ha∣ringworth,* 1.21 marry'd Elizabeth heiress to Henry Grey, the last Lord of Codenor. Winfeld, a very rich ma∣nour, where Ralph Lord Cromwel, in the reign of Henry the sixth, built a very stately house, consider∣ing that age. Then Alffreton,* 1.22 which is believ'd to have been built by King Alfred, and so denominated from him. It has likewise had its Lords nam'd de Alfreton from it; of whom the second, Robert, the son of Ranulph, built the little Monastery de Bello Capite, commonly Beauchief, in the remotest angle of this County. But a few years after, for default of heirs-male their estate went with two daughters to the family of the Cadurci, or Chaworths, and to the Lathams in the County of Lancaster. Their Arms were two Cheverons (as they call them) Or,* 1.23 in a Shield Azure. Which very Coat the Musards3 1.24, Barons of Staveley in this County, bore likewise, but with diffe∣rent colours; who in the reign of Edward the first, ended in N. Musard; for his eldest sister was marry'd to T. de Freschevill, whose posterity remain and flou∣rish here at this day. Higher in the very edge of the County to the east, upon a rough ground, stands Hardwick,* 1.25 which has given name to a famous family in this County, from whom is descended Elizabeth the present Countess of Shrewsbury, who has there laid the foundation of two stately houses, almost joyn∣ing to one another, which at a great distance appear very fair, by reason of their high situation. At pre∣sent the title of this Barony is enjoy'd by William Ca∣vendish* 1.26 her second son, who was lately advanc'd by King James to the honour of Baron Cavendish of Hardwick. [ 1605]

More inward we see Chesterfield* 1.27 in Scardale, that is, in a dale enclos'd with rocks:d 1.28 For rocks or crags were call'd Scarrs by the Saxons. Both the ruins of the walls, and this new name do prove it to be of antiquity: but the old name of it is superannuated and quite lost4 1.29; and it is only mention'd in authors upon the account of a Battel between Henry the third and the Barons; in which Robert de Ferrariis the last Earl of Derby of this family was taken, and degraded by Act of Parliament: after which he liv'd privately, and his posterity have since flourish'd under the title of Barons only [d]. Next Chesterfield to the west, lyes Walton,* 1.30 which hereditarily descended from the Bretons by Loudham to the Foliambs, a great name in these parts: to the east lyes Sutton,* 1.31 where the Leaks have long flourish'd in the degree and honour of Knighthood.

At some small distance from hence stands Bolsover, an old castle seated upon a rising, which formerly belong'd to the Hastings Lords of Abergevenny by exchange with King Henry the third, who being un∣willing that the County of Chester which belong'd to him, should be parcell'd out among distaffs, gave other lands in lieu, here and there, to the sisters of John Scot the last Earl.

The west part on the other side the Derwent, which is nothing but hills and mountains, (for which reason perhaps it was heretofore call'd Peac∣lond in Saxon, and is call'd Peake* 1.32 at this day, for the word signifies eminence with us) is sever'd by the Dove, a very swift and clear river (of which in its proper place) from Staffordshire. This part tho it is rough and craggy in some places, yet5 1.33 are there grassy hills and vales in it, which feed many cattel and great flocks of sheep very safely. For there's no danger of wolves* 1.34 now in these places, tho' infested by them heretofore; for the hunting and taking of which, some held lands here at Wormhill, from whence they were call'd Wolvehunt, as is clearly manifest from the records of the Tower.* 1.35 It produces so much lead,* 1.36 that the Chymists (who condemn the planets to the mines, as if they were guilty of some great crime) tell us ridiculously, as well as falsly, that Saturn,* 1.37 whom they make to preside over Lead, is very gracious to us, be∣cause he allows us this metal; but displeas'd with the French, as having deny'd it to them. However, I am of opinion that Pliny spoke of this tract in that passage of his; In Britain, in the very upper crust of the ground, lead is dug up in such plenty, that a law was made on purpose to stint them to a set quantity. Out of these mountains, Lead-stones, as the Miners call them, are daily dug up in great abundance, which upon those hills expos'd to the West-wind near Creach and Workesworth, (taking its name from the Lead-works) at certain times when that wind begins to blow, (which they find by experience to be the most constant and lasting of all winds) they melt down with great wood fires; and from those canals which they make for it to flow in, they work it up again into masses, which they call Sowes. And not only Lead, but Sti∣bium also, which is call'd Antimony* 1.38 in the shops, is found here in distinct veins; us'd formerly in Greece by the women to colour their eye-brows, upon which account the Poet Ion calls it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Mill-stones* 1.39 are likewise digg'd up here, and Grind-stones* 1.40 for sharpning Iron-tools; and sometimes there is found in these mines a kind of white Fluor (for those stones in mines like jewels are call'd Fluores* 1.41 by the metal-men) which is in all respects like Crystal.* 1.42 Be∣sides this Workesworth, there is nothing here to be met with worth mentioning but Haddon, seated upon the river Wye, for many years the seat of the Vernons, not only an ancient but a very famous family in those parts; insomuch that Sir George Vernon* 1.43 Kt. who liv'd in our time, for his magnificence, for his kind re∣ception of all good men, and his great hospitality, gain'd the name of King of Peak among the vulgar. Yet by the daughters and heirs of that man, this brave inheritance was transferr'd to John Mannours, descended from the Earls of Rutland, and to Thomas Stanley the off-spring of the Earls of Derby [e].6 1.44

Near this lies Bakewell upon the same river, which makes it self a passage among these hills into Der∣went. This was call'd by the Saxonse 1.45 Baddecanƿell, and Marianus tells us, that Edward the Elder made a burrough of it. Whether or no it takes this name from the Baths there, which the old English call'd Bade and Baden (as the Germans likewise did in their language, from whence Baden in Germany and Buda in Hungary) I cannot tell. This is certain, that at the rise of the river Wye not far from hence, there are nine Springs of hot water, call'd at present Bux∣ton-well,* 1.46 which being found by experience very good for the stomach, the nerves, and the whole body, the most honourable George Earl of Shrewsbury, has lately adorn'd them with buildings, and they begin to be frequented by great numbers of the Nobility and Gentry. About which time, the unfortunate and he∣roick Princess Mary Queen of Scots took her farewell of Buxton in this distich, which is nothing but an al∣teration of Caesar's verses upon Feltria:

Buxtona quae calidae celebrabere nomine lymphae, Fortè mihi post hac non adeunda, vale. Buxton, whose fame thy Baths shall ever tell, Whom I, perhaps, shan't see again, farewell.

But this is besides my business. That these Baths were anciently known; that Cart-road or Roman Causey call'd Bathgate, which continues seven miles from hence to the little village Burgh, does plainly shew us [f]. Near this Burgh there stands an old castle up∣on the top of a hill, formerly belonging to the Peverells,

call'd the Castle in the Peake, and in Latin De alto Pecco, which King Edw. 3.* 1.47 gave with this manour and ho∣nour to John Duke of Lancaster his son, after he had restor'd the Earldom of Richmond to the King. Below this there is a den or cave under ground, call'd (if I may be pardon'd the rudeness of the ex∣pression) the Devil's Arse,* 1.48 very wide and gaping, and having many apartments in it; wherein, Gerva∣sius Tilburiensis, either out of downright ignorance or a lying humour, tells us a shepherd saw a spa∣cious country with small rivers running here and there in it, and vast pools of standing water. Yet from such stories as these, this Hole is look'd upon as one of the prodigies of England. The same sort of fables are likewise told of another Cave in this neighbourhood, call'd Elden-hole,* 1.49 which is wonder∣ful for nothing but the vast bigness, steepness, and the depth of it [g]. But that winds have their vent here, is a mistake in those that have writ so; nor are those verses of Necham's concerning the miracles of England, applicable to either of these Caves:

Est specus Aeoliis ventis obnoxia semper, Impetus è gemino maximus ore venit. Cogitur injectum velamen adire supernas Partes, descensum impedit aura potens. Vex'd with perpetual storms, a cave there lies Where from two holes the strugling blasts arise. Throw in a cloth, you'll see it straight ascend, For all's bore upward by the conqu'ring wind.

But all that's remarkable in this high and rough little country, a certain person has endeavour'd to comprise in thesef 1.50 four verses:

Mira alto Pecco tria sunt, barathrum, specus, antrum; Commoda tot, plumbum, gramen, ovile pecus. Tot speciosa simul sunt, Castrum, Balnea, Chatsworth: Plura sed occurrunt, quae speciosa minus.

Nine things that please us at the Peak we see, A Cave, a Den, and Hole, the wonders be, Lead, Sheep, and Pasture, are the useful three:

Chatworth, the Castle, and the Bath, delight; Much more you'll find, but nothing worth your sight.7 1.51

Those of the Peverels, who, as I have said before, were Lords of Nottingham,* 1.52 are also reported to have been Lords of Derby. Afterwards King Rich. 1. gave and confirm'd to his brother John,* 1.53 the County and Castle of Nottingham, Lancaster, Derby, &c. with the Honours belonging to them, and the Honour also of Peverel. After him, those of the family of the Ferrars (as for as I can gather from the Registers of Tutbury, Merivall, and Burton Monasteries) were Earls; William de Ferrariis born of the daughter and heir of Peverel, whom King John (as it is in an an∣cient Charter* 1.54)‖ 1.55 created Earl of Derby with his own hands: William his son8 1.56; and Robert the son of this William, who in the Civil wars was so stripp'd of this dignity, that none of his posterity, tho' they liv'd in great state, were ever restor'd to their full honours. Many possessions of this Robert were given by King Henry 3. to his younger son Edmund; and King Edward 3. (so says the original record) by Act of Parliament gave Henry of Lancaster, the son of Henry Earl of Lancaster, the Earldom of Derby, to him and his heirs; and likewise assign'd him 1000 marks yearly during the life of Henry Earl of Lan∣caster, his father. From that time this title conti∣nued in the family of Lancaster, till King Henry 7. bestow'd it upon Thomas Stanley, who had not long before marry'd Margaret the King's mother9 1.57: and now Williamg 1.58 the sixth Earl of Derby of this fami∣ly, a man of great worth and honour, enjoys that dignity.

Thus far of the Counties of Notting•••••• and Derby; partly inhabited by those who in Bede's time were call'd Mercii Aquilonares,* 1.59 because they dwelt beyond the Trent northward, and possest, as he says, the land of seven thousand families.

This County includes 106 Parishes.

ADDITIONS to DERBYSHIRE.

[a] IN the more southerly part of this County, upon the river Trent is Repton,* 1.60 where Ma∣tilda, wife to Ralph Earl of Chester, found∣ed a Priory of Canons Regular of the Or∣der of St. Austin in the year 1172. And since the dissolution, Sir John Port of Etwall in this County, by his last Will, order'd a Free-school to be erected, appointing certain lands in the Counties of Derby and Lancaster for the maintenance of this, and an Hospi∣tal at Etwall: both which are still in a prosperous condition.

[b] The Trent running forward, receives the river Derwent; and upon it stands Derby,* 1.61 which had not this name by an abbreviation of Derwent, and the addition of by (as our Author imagines) but plainly from being a shelter for deer, which is imply'd in the true name of it, Deoraby. And what farther con∣firms it, is that 'twas formerly a park, and in the arms of the town to this day is a buck couchant in a park. Which joyn'd to the Lodge-lane, still the name of a passage into the Nuns-green; as they put the original of it out of all doubt, so do they evi∣dently shew the ancient condition of the place. When the town was built does not appear, but its privileges and ancient charters argue it to be of good antiquity. It is exempted from paying toll in Lon∣don, or any other place, except Winchester, and some few other towns; and is a staple-town for wool, a very ancient manufacture of this Kingdom.

There was formerly in it a Chapel dedicated to St. James, near which, in digging some cellars and foundations of houses, bones of a great size have been found. And on the north-side of St. James's lane, within the compass of ground where the Chapel stood, a large stone was made bare; which being gently remov'd, there appear'd a stone-coffin, with a very prodigious corps in it; but this, upon the first motion of the stone, turn'd into dust. The Coffin was so cut as to have a round place made for the head, wide about the shoulders, and so narrower down to the feet.

On the south-east corner of the town stood for∣merly a castle; tho' there have been no remains of it within the memory of man. But that there was

one, appears from the name of the hill, call'd Cow-castle-hill; and the street that leads west to St. Peter's Church, in ancient Deeds bearing the name of Castle-gate.

In Allhallows Church, there is a monument for one Richard Crashaw of London Esquire, who dy'd the 20th of June An. 1631. He was originally a poor boy, a Nailer's son, and went to London in a suit of Leather; and what by his own industry, and the encouragement he met withal, manag'd his affairs so well as to dye worth ten thousand pound. Besides many charitable acts in his life, he left at his death above four thousand pound to the maintenance of Lectures, relief of the Poor, &c. There is also in this Church a monument for the memorable Eliza∣beth Countess of Shrewsbury, who founded the ad∣joyning Hospital for twelve poor people; and ano∣ther very noble one for the Earl of Devonshire and his Countess, but without inscription.

[c] Within less than a quarter of a mile upon the north-side of Derby, stands Little-chester,* 1.62 having now not above 20 houses in it, and none of them ancient. But it's Antiquity is sufficiently attested by the many pieces of Roman coyn, found both in digging of cel∣lars and plowing. Some of them are of brass, some of silver, and some few of gold bearing the inscripti∣on and image of several of the Roman Emperours. Upon a clear day, the foundation of a bridge may be seen, crossing the river to Darley-hill, which over∣looks the town.

[d] North from hence is Chesterfield,* 1.63 which hath given the title of Earl to Philip Lord Stanhop of Shel∣ford, created Aug. 4. 4 Car. 1. who was succeeded in that honour by Philip Lord Stanhop his grandchild by Henry his eldest son.

Scarsdale also, the Division wherein Chesterfield stands, hath since our Author's time afforded the title of Earl to Francis Leak Lord Deincourt of Sutton, created Nov. 11. 1645. then to Nicholas Leak his son; and at present to Robert of the same name.

In the grounds belonging to Haddon-house* 1.64 near Bakewell, was digg'd up this Altar, cut in a rough sort of stone, such as the house it self is built of:

DEO
MARTI
BRACIACAE
OSITTIVS
CAECILIAN.
PRAEFECT.
TRO
V. S.

This (with one or two more, very broken and imperfect, without any direction also where they were found) were copy'd out by Mr. Walter Stone-house, Minister of Darfield in Yorkshire, a very learned Gentleman (now dead) whose large collection of Antiquities was sold by his son to Thomas Lord Fair∣fax, and by his Executors to Mr. Thoresby, whose son Mr. Ralph Thoresby, preserves them with great care, and is dayly making new additions.

Among the rest, he had a piece of a bone, and a tooth of a wonderful proportion; dug up in sinking a lead-grove near Bradwall about 7 miles from Haddon. The tooth (tho' about a quarter be broken off) is 13 inches and a half in compass, weighing 3 pound, 10 ounces, and 3 quarters. Along with these, were likewise found many other bones, which were bro∣ken and dispers'd; with the skull, which held 7 pecks of corn, as several persons of good credit af∣firm'd. Upon a sight of the tooth, Dr. Johnston took it to be the Dens molaris of an Elephant, and writ a Discourse upon it in a Letter to Mr. Stonehouse, who was before inclin'd to believe it the tooth of a man.

[f] Turning our course westward, we come to the Peake, where, near Buxton, by a hill call'd Coyt∣mosse, is a very wonderful cave, nam'd Pooles-hole.* 1.65 It's entrance is very strait and low; but 10 yards in∣wards you have room to toss a spear. In most parts of the cave there are little dropping waters, which having a petrifying virtue, make many curi∣ous shapes a••d fanciful works upon the sides.

At a litt••e distance from hence is a small clear brook, memorable for being made up both of hot and cold water; so joyn'd in the same stream, that you may at once put the finger and thumb of the same hand, one into hot, and the other into cold.

In those parts also, near a village call'd Byrch-o••••r, is a large rock, and upon it are two tottering stones: the one is 4 yards in height and 12 yards about, and yet rests upon a point so equally pois'd, that one may move it with a finger. Which I the rather mention here, because Main-amber in Cornwall, a stone much like this, is now thrown down.

In the same mountainous tract is Castleden,* 1.66‖ 1.67 near which, on a hill call'd Mamsor, is a fortification; and hard by were lately digg'd up Elephants bones. There is now within the fortification, a spring.

[g] As to Eden-hole, 'tis mention'd by our Author for its depth: and not without cause; for since his time it hath been plumb'd at the charge of Charles Cotton Esquire, to the depth of 800 fathom; and yet no bottom found.

Continuation of the EARLS.

William departing this life An. 1642, was succeed∣ed by James his son and heir, eminent for his good services to K. Charles 1. as was also his excellent Lady Charlote. But after the fight at Worcester, being ta∣ken in Cheshire, and upon the 15th of October put to death at Bolton in Lancashire, he was succeeded by his son Charles, and he by his eldest son and heir William.

More rare Plants growing wild in Derbyshire.

Alsine pusilla pulchro flore, folio tenuissimo no∣stras seu Saxifraga pusilla caryophylloides, flore albo pulchello. Small fine-leaved mountain Chickweed, with a milk-white flower. In the mountainous parts of Derby∣shire about Wirkesworth and elsewhere, plentifully.

Cochlearia rotundifolia Ger. major rotundifolia sive Batavorum. Park. Common round-leaved Scurvy-grass or garden Scurvy-grass. On the mountains at Castle∣ton in the Peak, about the great subterraneous vault or hole.

Lapathum folio acuto, flore aureo C. B. antho∣xanthon J. B. Golden Dock. In the meadows by the road-side leading to Swarston-bridge, which in winter-time in floods are overflown by the Trent.

Trachelium majus Belgarum Park. majus Belga∣rum sive Giganteum Park. Campanula maxima, foliis latissimis C. B. Giant Throatwort. In the moun∣tainous pasture fields by the hedge-sides, &c. plentifully, as well in this County as in Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Notting∣hamshire.

Viola tricolor Ger. tricolor major & vulgaris Park. Jacea tricolor, sive Trinitatis flos J. B. Pansies or Hearts-ease. In the mountains among the corn, and upon the mud-walls and fences of Stone.

Viola montana lutea grandiflora nostras. Flam∣mea lutea seu 5 Ger. Pansies with a large yellow flower. In the mountainous pastures of the Peak in several places, principally where the soil is moist and boggy.

Vitis Idaea semper virens fructu rubro J. B. Idaea, foliis subrotundis non crenatis, fructu rubro C. B. Vaccinia rubra Ger. rubra buxeis foliis Park. Red Whorts or Bilberries. In the mountains of the Peak plen∣tifully.

On the mountains in the Peak grow also those great mosses called Muscus clavatus sive Lycopodium, Club∣moss or Wolves-claw, and Muscus erectus abietiformis, Firr-leaved moss. Of which we have made mention, and given the Synonymes in Yorkshire.

Nothing more common there than Alchimilla vulgaris or common Ladies mantle, known to the vulgar by the name of Bearsfoot.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Greisly-Castle.
• * 1.2

  The family of the Greisleys.
• * 1.3

  The family of the Shir∣leys.
• 1 1.4

  But whether Sir Robert Curson, Knighted by King Henry 7. and created a Baron of the Empire by the Emperour Maximilian, A. D. 1500. on the account of his singular valour; on whom also King Henry 8. in like manner conferr'd the title of a Baron of England, assigning to him a liberal pension, were descended from these Cursons, I dare not affirm.
• a 1.5

  Hreopandun is the true name.
• * 1.6

  Repton.
• b 1.7

  His right name is Burhred.
• * 1.8

  King Bur∣thred.
• * 1.9

  Melborn.
• * 1.10

  Chattes∣worth.
• * 1.11

  Little-Chester.
• * 1.12

  Derby.
• c 1.13

  It is dedicated to S. Mary; and in the time of King Charles 2. when he granted Liberty of Conscience, it was a little repair'd and made a Meeting-house for some time: it is since new-built, and converted into a Dye-house.
• * 1.14

  This seem to mean Thra•••••• •• corn.
• * 1.15

  The beer ca••l'd Cu••¦mi in D•• s••arid••s, in E•••• Al••, f••ea•• D••••••sh word O••
• * 1.16

  Turn••b •• Wine.
• * 1.17

  The Bar•• Montjoy.
• 2 1.18

  With a pension.
• * 1.19

  Grey of Sandia••••••
• * 1.20

  C••denor-••••••e.
• * 1.21

  ••••ons G••ey of Codner.
• * 1.22

  Alfreton.
• * 1.23

  The Arms ••f the Ba∣••on•• Al∣••••n. ••••ely.
• 3 1.24

  That is to say, Doubters and delayers.
• * 1.25

  ••ardwick.
• * 1.26

  ••••on Ca∣••••••dish or ••••d••sh.
• * 1.27

  ••he••ter∣••••••ld.
• d 1.28

  In the North we call rocky places, Skarrs, to this day; and the Southern parts still retain something of this in the skar of a wound.
• 4 1.29

  King John erected it into a Free-burrough, and gave it to William Briewer, his particular favorite.
• * 1.30

  ••alton.
• * 1.31

  ••••••ton.
• * 1.32

  ••••e Peak.
• 5 1.33

  (By reason that under the upper crust of the earth there is Lime-stone, which yields a fruitful slugh or humour.)
• * 1.34

  ••••lves.
• * 1.35

  Inq. 2 Ed. 2.
• * 1.36

  Lead.
• * 1.37

  Brodaeus.
• * 1.38

  Antimony.
• * 1.39

  Mill-stones.
• * 1.40

  Grind-stones.
• * 1.41

  Fluores.
• * 1.42

  Crystal.
• * 1.43

  Vernon.
• 6 1.44

  Son of Thomas Earl of Rutland, and to Sir Thomas Stanley, son of Edward Earl of Derby.
• e 1.45

  Bede∣canwylla, Chron. Sax.
• * 1.46

  Buxton.
• * 1.47

  46 Edw. 3.
• * 1.48

  Devils Arse in Peake.
• * 1.49

  Elden-hole.
• f 1.50

  Hobbs has comprehended the seven wonders in one verse; Aedes, mons, barathrum, binus fons, antraque binà.
• 7 1.51

  To these wonders may be added a wonderful Well in the Peake-forest not far from Buxtons, which ordinarily ebbeth and floweth four times in the space of one hour or thereabouts, keeping his just tides: and I know not whether Tideswell a market town hereby, hath his name thereof. Hol. As to what he says of the justness of the tides, there is no such thing; for sometimes it does not flow once in two days, and sometimes it flows twice in an hour.
• * 1.52

  Lords a•••• Earls of Derby.
• * 1.53

  Simeon Dunch••••••¦sis. Horeden. Mat. Par. 204.
• * 1.54

  An ancie•••• Charter, 1 Joan.
• ‖ 1.55

  Cinrit, &c.
• 8 1.56

  Who being bruis'd with a fall out of his coach, dy'd in the year 1254.
• 9 1.57

  To him and his heirs males. He had for his suc∣cessor his grandson Thomas begotten by George his son on the body of Joan the heiress of the Lord Strange of Knocking. This same Thomas had by the sister of George Earl of Huntingdon, Edward the third Earl of this family, highly commended for his courteousness and hospitality; who of the Lady Dorothy, daughter to the first Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, begat Henry the fourth Earl, who soon obtain'd very honourable employments, and left by the Lady Margaret, daughter of Henry Earl of Cumberland, Ferdinand and William, successively Earls of Derby. Ferdinand dy'd after a strange manner in the flower of his youth, leaving by Margaret [her right name is Alice] his wife daughter of Sir John Spenser of Althorp, three daughters, viz. Anne, marry'd to Grey Bruges Lord Chandos; Frances, espous'd to Sir John Egerton; and Elizabeth the wife of Henry Earl of Hunt∣ingdon. William the sixth Earl now enjoyeth the honour, and hath issue by Elizabeth, daughter to Edward late Earl of Oxford.
• g 1.58

  See an account of this family in Lancashire, under the title Ormeskirke.
• * 1.59

  The No••¦thern ••••¦cians.
• * 1.60

  Repton.
• * 1.61

  Derby.
• * 1.62

  ••tle-••ester.
• * 1.63

  ••esterfield
• * 1.64

  ••ddon.
• * 1.65

  ••oles-hole.
• * 1.66

  Castleden.
• ‖ 1.67

  Aubr. MSS. Mo∣num. Brit.