Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions and improvements ; publish'd by Edmund Gibson ...

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.

THE County of Nottingham borders upon that of Lincoln on the west, but is of much less extent, call'd by the Saxonsa 1.1 Snottengaham-rcyne, by us Nottinghamshire: bounded on the north by Yorkshire, on the west by Derbyshire, and in some parts by Yorkshire; and on the south by the County of Leicester. The south and east parts are enrich'd by that most noble river the Trent, and the rivulets which run into it. The west part is entirely took up with the forest of Shir∣wood, which is very large. This part, because it is sandy, the inhabitants call the Sand; the other, be∣cause it is clayish, they call the Clay; and thus have they divided their County into these two parts [a].

The Trent,* 1.2 in Saxon Tneonta (which some Anti∣quaries of less note have call'd in Latin Triginta, from its affinity with that French word which is used to signifie this number) after it has run a long way1 1.3, where it first enters into this County, passes by Stean∣ford,* 1.4 where there are manyb 1.5 remains of Antiquity yet extant, and many Roman Coyns found, as I am informed; and then by Clifton,* 1.6 which has given both a seat and name to the ancient family of the Cliftons2 1.7. Then it receives the little river Lin* 1.8 from the west, which rising near Newsted, i.e. a new place, where formerly King Hen. 2. built a small Monastery now the seat of the Byrons,* 1.9 an ancient family, descended from Ralph de Buron, who in the beginning of the Norman times flourish'd in great state both in this County and Lancashire: it runs near Wollaton,* 1.10 where in this age Sir Francis Willoughby Kt, out of ostenta∣tion to show his riches, built at vast charges a very stately house, both for splendid appearance and the curious workmanship of it. After this it washes Len∣ton,* 1.11 formerly famous for a Monastery, built in ho∣nour of the Holy Trinity by William Peverel, the natural son of King William the Conquerour; at pre∣sent, only for the throng Fairs there. Where, on the other side, almost at the confluence of the Lin and Trent, and upon the side of a hill, stands Notting∣ham,* 1.12 which has given name to this County, and is the chief town in it; the word being nothing but a soft contraction of Snottenga-ham. For so the Sa∣xons call'd it from the caves and passages under ground which the Ancients for their retreat and ha∣bitation mined under these steep rocks in the south part, toward the little river Lin. Hence Asser ren∣ders the Saxon word Snottengaham Speluncarum do∣mum in Latin, and in British it isc 1.13 Tui ogo bauc, which signifies the very same, namely, a house of dens. In respect of situation, the town is very pleasant: there lie on this side toward the river very large mea∣dows; on the other, hills of easie and gentle ascent: it is also plentifully provided with all the necessaries of life. On this side, Shirewood supplies them with great store of wood for fire, (tho' many burn pit-coal, the smell whereof is offensive,) on the other the Trent serves them with fish very plentifully. Hence this its barbarous verse,

Limpida sylva focum,‖ 1.14 Triginta dat mihi piscem. Shirewood my fuel, Trent my fish supplies.

To wind up all; by its bigness, building, three neat Churches, an incomparable fine market-place, and a very strong castle, the town is really beautiful. [ 868] The Castle stands on the west side of the city, upon an ex∣ceeding steep rock; in which very spot that tower is believ'd to have been, which the Danes relying upon, held out against the siege of Aethered and Alfred, till without effecting any thing they rose and‖ 1.15 retir'd. For when the Danes had got this castle,d 1.16 Burthred King of the Mercians, (as Asser sayse 1.17) and the Mercians sent messengers to Aethered King of the West-Saxons, and to Alfred his brother, humbly intreating that they would aid them; so that they might engage the foresaid army. This request they easily obtain'd. For the two brothers, having drawn together a great army from all parts, with as much dispatch as they had promis'd, enter'd Mercia, and march'd as far as Snottenga-ham, unanimously desi∣ring to fight them. But when the Pagans refus'd to give them battel, securing themselves in the castle, and the Chri∣stians were not able to batter down the walls of the castle, a peace was concluded between the Mercians and the Pagans, and the two brothers return'd home with their forces. Af∣terwards Edward the Elder built the village Bridgesford* 1.18 over against it, and rais'd a wall (which is now fallen) quite round the city. The only remains extant of it, are on the west part. A few years after this, namely, in Edward the Confessor's time, (as it is in Domes∣day) there were reckon'd 173 Burgesses in it, and† 1.19 from the two Mints there was paid forty shillings to the

King. Moreover, the water of Trent and the Foss dike, and the way towards York were all lookt after, that if any one hinder'd ships from passing,* 1.20 he might he amerc'd four pounds. As for the castle which now stands there, both the founder and the bigness of it make it re∣markable. For William the Norman built it to awe the English [b]: by nature and art together it was so strong (as William of Newburrow tells us) "That it seem'd invincible by any thing but famine, provi∣ded it had but a sufficient garrison in it". Afterwards, Edward the fourth rebuilt it at great charge, and adorn'd it with curious buildings, to which Richard the third also made some additions. Nor has it ever in any revolution undergone the common fate of great castles; for it was never taken by down-right force. Once only it was besieg'd (and that in vain) by Henry of Anjou; at which time the garrison burnt down all the buildings about it.* 1.21 It was once also taken by surprize by Robert Count de Ferrariis in the Barons war, who depriv'd the citizens of all they had. Those of this castle tell many stories of David King of Scotland, a prisoner here, and of Roger Mortimer Earl of March, taken by means of a passage under ground, and afterwards hang'd, for betraying his Country to the Scots for money, and for other mischiefs, out of an extravagant and vast imagination design'd by him. In the first court of this castle we still go down a great many steps with candle-light into a vault under-ground, and rooms cut and made out of the very stone; in the walls whereof the story of Christ's passion and other things are engraven, by David the second King of Scot∣land, as they say, who was kept prisoner there. In the upper part of the castle which stands very high upon the rock, I likewise went down many stairs into another vault under-ground; which they call Morti∣mer's-hole,* 1.22 because Roger Mortimer absconded in it, being afraid of himself, out of a consciousness of his own guilt. As for position, this place is 53 degrees in Latitude, and 22 degrees 14 minutes in Longi∣tude [c].

From hence the Trent runs gently by Holme, nam'd from the Lords Holme Pierpount,* 1.23 a noble and ancient family, of whom Robert de Petrae Ponte or Pierpount was summon'd to sit among the Barons in Parliament by Edward the third. Then tof 1.24 Shelford3 1.25,* 1.26 the seat of the famous family of the Stanhops, Knights [d], whose state and grandeur in these parts is great, and their name eminent4 1.27. But it was formerly the Baro∣ny of Ralph Hanselin, by whose daughters it came to the Bardolphs and Everinghams. Hence it goes to Stoke* 1.28 a small village; but remarkable for no small slaughter:* 1.29 here John De la pole, Earl of Lincoln, who was design'd for the Crown by Richard the third, when he saw himself excluded from the throne by Henry the seventh, rebelliously fought for a counterfeit Prince against his lawful King, and after a stout defence was cut off with his whole par∣ty. Not far from hence5 1.30 stands Southwell* 1.31 a Collegi∣ate-Church of Prebendaries dedicated to the Virgin Mary; not very splendid I must confess, but strong, ancient, and famous. Paulinus, the first Arch-Bishop of York, built it (as they write) after he had bap∣tiz'd the people of this Country in the river Trent. From that time the Arch-Bishops of York have had a large Palace here, and three Parks adjoyning, well-stor'd with Deer. That this is that city which Bede calls Tio vul-Fingacester,* 1.32 I the rather believe, because those things which he relates of Paulinus's baptizing in the Trent near Tio-vul-Fingacester, are always said to have been done here, by the private history of this Church [e] Hence from the east, the Snite, a small river, runs into the Trent; which is but shallow, and washes Langer,* 1.33 famous for its Lords the Tibetots or Tiptofts* 1.34 [f], who were afterwards Earls of Worce∣ster; and Wiverton,* 1.35 which from Heriz, a famous man in these parts formerly, went by the Bretts and Cal∣tosts to the Chaworths, who take their name from the Cadurci in France,* 1.36 and their pedigree from the Lords de Walchervill.

Now the Trent divides it self6 1.37, and runs under Newark,* 1.38 a pretty large town, so call'd, as if one should say, A new work, from the new castle, very pleasant and curiously built, (asg 1.39 Henry of Huntingdon describes it) by Alexander that munificent Bishop of Lincoln; Who (to use the words of an old historian,) being of a very liberal and gentile temper, built this and another castle at vast expence. And because buildings of this na∣ture seem'd less agreeable to the character of a Bishop, to extinguish the envy of them, and to expiate as it were for that offence, he built an equal number of Monasteries, and fill'd them with religious societies. However, the extravagant profuseness of this military Bishop was soon pursu'd with condign punishment. For King Stephen,* 1.40 who had no better means to establish the sinking state of his kingdom, than by possessing him∣self of all the fortify'd places, brought the Bishop to that pinch, by imprisonment and famine, that he was forc'd to deliver up into his hands both this ca∣stle, and that other at Sleford. [ 1216] There is no other memorable accident in this place, but that King John ended the tedious course of an uneasie life here7 1.41 [g]. From hence the river uniting again flows directly to the northward by many villages, but has nothing remarkable before it comes to Littleborrough,* 1.42 a small town, and so exactly answerable to the name; where, as there is at this day a ferry much us'd, so was there formerly that famous station or abode, which Antoninus twice mentions; variously read, in some copies Agelocum, and in others Segelocum.* 1.43 For∣merly I sought for this place in vain hereabouts, but now I verily believe I have found it, both because it stands by the military way, and also because the marks of an old wall are still discernable in the neighbouring field, where many coins of the Ro∣man Emperours are daily found by the plow-men; which are call'd Swines penies* 1.44 by the Country people, because they are oftnest discover'd by the grubbing of the Swine there. They also imagine, according to their poor sense of things, that their forefathers enclos'd this field with a stone-wall, to keep the water from overflowing it in the winter [h].

In the west part of this County (call'd the Sand,) where the Erwash, a small river, runs toward the Trent, we see Strelley* 1.45h 1.46, heretofore Strellegh, which hath given a name and seat to the Strellies Knights (commonly call'd Sturly) one of the most ancient and famous families of this County. More inward lyes Shirewood,* 1.47 which some interpret a clear wood, others a famous wood; formerly a close shade, with the boughs of trees so entangl'd in one another, that a single person could hardly walk in the paths of it. At present it is much thinner, yet it still feeds an infinite number of Deer and branchy-headed Staggs; and has some towns in it, whereof Mansfield* 1.48 is the chief, a very plentiful market; the name of which is made use of for an argument by some8 1.49, who assert the Antiquity of the family of Mansfeld in Germany, and that the first Earl of Mansfeld was at the Celebra∣tion of the round Table with our Arthur; and that he was born here. Our Kings were formerly wont to retire hither for the sake of hunting, and, that you may have it in the very words of an old Inquisition, Henry Fauconberge held the manour of Cukeney in this County by Serjeanty, for shooing the King's horse when he came to Mansfeld9 1.50. Many small rivers spring out of

this wood, and run towards the Trent; the chief of them is Idle,* 1.51 upon which near Idleton in the year 616, the great success and fortune of Ethered, a most potent King of the Northumbrians, stopp'd and fail'd him. For whereas he had formerly always fought with great success, here his fortune vary'd, and he was cut off, being defeated by Redwald King of the East Angles, who set Edwin (excluded then and depriv'd of the throne of his Ancestors) over Northumber∣land. The course of this little river lyes at no great distance from Markham* 1.52 a small village; but yet it has given name to the Markhams, a family very famous heretofore both for antiquity and virtue10 1.53; the great∣est ornament of which was J. Markham, who was Lord Chief Justice of England, and temper'd his Judgments with so much equity (as you may read in the Histories of England) that the glory of him will never perish in after agesi 1.54. Six miles from hence to the westward stands Workensop,* 1.55 known for its great produce of liquorice,* 1.56 and famous for the Earl of Shrewsbury's house there, built in this age by George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, with magnificence be∣coming the state of so great an Earl, and yet not to contract envy. To the Talbots it came with a great inheritance from the Lovetofts first Lords of it in the Norman times, by the Furnivals and Nevils. Of these Lovetofts, G. Lovetoft in Henry the first's time built a Monastery here; the ruins of which are still to be seen among very pleasant meadows, on the East-side of the town: but the West-part of the Church is yet remaining with two towers, very fair and beautiful [i]. A little higher upon the same river I saw Blithe,* 1.57 a noted market-town, which was fortify'd with a ca∣stle (as I was inform'd) by Bulley or Busly, a Noble∣man of Norman extract; but at this day, hardly the ruins of it are visible; so destructive is age to every thing. But the little Monastery there was built by Roger Busly and Foulk de Lisieurs, and this is almost the last town of Nottinghamshire to the Northward, unless it be Scroby,* 1.58 a little town belonging to the Arch-Bishop of York, seated in the very edge of it.

William, sirnam'd the Conquerour,* 1.59 made his natural son William Peverell ruler of this County, not by the title of Earl, but Lord of Nottingham; who had a son that dy'd during the life of his father; and he likewise a son of the same name, depriv'd of his estate by Henry the second, for preparing a dose of poyson for Ranulph Earl of Chester. About the same time Robert de Ferrariis, who plunder'd Nottingham, us'd this title in the gift he made to the Church of Tuttes∣bury, Robert the younger Earl of Nottingham. But after∣wards, King Richard the first gave and confirm'd to his brother John the County and Castle of Notting∣ham, with the whole Honour of Peverell. Long after that, Richard the second honour'd John de Mowbray with this title, who dying young and without issue, his brother Thomas succeeded him; who by Richard the second was created Earl Marshal and Duke of Norfolk; and being banish't immediately after, he begat Thomas Earl Marshal, beheaded by Henry the fourth, and John Mowbray, who (as also his son and grandson) was Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Nottingham. But the issue male of this family failing, and Richard the infant-son of Edward the fourth, Duke of York, having enjoy'd this title among others11 1.60 for a small time; Richard the third honour'd William Marquess of Barkley, and Henry the eighth grac'd Henry Fitz-Roy his natural son12 1.61, who both dy'd without issue, with this title of Earl of Nottingham. And lately in 1597. Queen Eliza∣beth solemnly invested Charles Howard, High Admi∣ral of England, (who is descended from the Mow∣brays) with this honour, for his service (as the Char∣ter of his creation has it) so stoutly and faithfully perform'd by Sea against the Spaniard in the year 1588. and his taking of Cadiz in the year 1596. he then commanding by Sea, as the Earl of Essex did by Land.

There are 168 Parish-Churches in this County.

ADDITIONS to NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.

THE Antiquities of this County were pub∣lish'd An. 1677. by Robert Thoroton, Doctor of Physick, a native of it, with great accuracy and exactness. But keeping close to the descent of families and possessions of estates (in which he has shown a great curiosity) Mr. Camden and he have carry'd on two very different designs. Had he given himself the liberty of ma∣king digressions upon British, Roman, and Saxon An∣tiquities, (as Mr. Burton in his history of Leicester∣shire has done;) his curiosity must needs have disco∣ver'd a great many things of that nature, which might have been of considerable use towards the improve∣ment of Camden. Since then he has confin'd him∣self to the business of possessions, for those matters I refer the Reader thither, where he may have ample satisfaction; and will go along with our Author in that part of Antiquity which he has principally touch'd upon.

[a] Going out of Leicestershire, the Foss-way* 1.62 (which is the best, if not the only direction for what we principally look after) leads us into the South-part of this County, and carrys us along the East of it into Lincolnshire. And because Mr. Camden has taken no notice of it, the best service that probably can be done here, will be to set down such remains of An∣tiquity as have been discover'd; and so fill up that breach in the road which is between Leicester and Lincoln.

And first Willoughby on the Wold,* 1.63 in the Hundred of Ruscliff, just upon the South-edge of this County, may pretend to something of Antiquity. For it lyes near the Foss, and in a field belonging to it are the ruins (as the inhabitants say) of a town call'd Long-Billing∣ton, which has been long since demolish'd. Here∣abouts the plow-men and shepherds commonly gather up coins of the Romans, in great num∣bers. And its distance from Caer-lerion, i.e. Lei∣cester, and from Vernometum or Burrough-hill, (being 9 miles from each) adds to the confirmation of it. All which put together, would tempt us to be∣lieve that this had been a Roman station.

From hence the Foss passes North-east through the vale of Belvoir, and therein through the field of East-Bridgford,* 1.64 or Bridgford on the hill, in which are still the remains of a Roman station near a spring call'd The Old-wark-spring; and the field in Bridgford, in which part of this camp lyes, is call'd to this day Burrowfield. Mr. Foxcroft also, Rector of Wiverby in Leicestershire (to whose diligence the discove••y of those places is in a great measure owing) assures me that he has seen a fair silver coin of Vespasian which was found there, and that others are sometimes plough'd up by the inhabitants of that town. What further confirms the conjecture of a station here, is its distance from Willoughby of about 8 miles, and near the same space from Long-Collingham,* 1.65 about 3 miles be∣yond Newark; near which in a large field there is some reason to fix another station. The Foss-road indeed lyes above a mile from it, but it receives au∣thority

enough from several of Constantine's Coins which have been found there, as well as it's distance from Lincoln (viz. 9 miles) where was another Station.

By this means (if these conjectures may be allow'd any colour of truth, as I see no great objection lies against them) that vast breach between Leicester and Lincoln, along the Fosse, is pretty well piec'd up. From Leicester to Willoughby, 9 miles; from Willough∣by to East Bridgford, about 8 miles; from thence to Long-Collingham 9 miles; and from hence to Lincoln, 9 more.

Having follow'd the Fosse thus far toward the North, for the more convenient clearing of this point; we are drawn a little out of our road, and must return to the south part, from whence now the Trent especially must direct our course.

And first we meet with Steanford,* 1.66 or Stanford, which, whatever it had in our Author's time, at pre∣sent shews nothing of Antiquity. It's greatest orna∣ment is a Church lately repair'd and beautify'd at the expence of Thomas Lewes Esquire, the present Patron thereof. It's neighbour Clifton has been the inheritance of a family of that name for above 600 years, as is evident from an Inscription upon a mo∣nument in the Chancel.

[b] Next is Nottingham.* 1.67 Mr. Camden expresly says, that William the Conquerour built the Castle there, to keep in order the English: but Dr. Thoro∣ton, who was no doubt a better judge in that mat∣ter, is altogether positive that it was built by Peverell He was base son to William the Conquerour; and it appears that he had licence from the King to include 10 acres (ad faciendum pomerium) thereabouts, which after the forest measure contains above 50 Statute acres; and that, it seems, is near the proportion of the old park of Nottingham. Besides, there is no men∣tion of it in Domesday, which was made the year be∣fore the Conquerour's death; and therefore 'tis pro∣bable his son built it by a commission from him. While it was in the hands of the Earl of Rutland, many of the good buildings were pull'd down, and the iron and other materials sold; yet in the begin∣ning of the Civil wars K. Charles 1. made choice of it as the sittest place for setting up his Royal Stan∣dard, about Aug. 2. A. D. 1642. Shortly after, it became a Garison for the Parliament, and in the end of the war, Orders were given to pull it down; but it was not quite demolish'd. Since King Charles 2.'s return, the Duke of Buckingham (whose mother was only daughter and heir of Francis Earl of Rut∣land) sold it to the Marquiss of New-Castle, after∣wards Duke, who in 1674. began to clear the foun∣dations of the old tower, and hath erected a most stately fabrick in the place of part of it. So much for the Castle. What the present condition of the town may be, is beside my business to en∣quire; only I cannot omit the mention of an Alms∣house there for 12 poor people, which was built and endow'd with 100 l. per An. by Henry Hanley Esq

Not far from Nottingham lies Lenton,* 1.68 which* 1.69 Mr. Talbot for some reasons was inclin'd to believe the ancient Lindum of Antoninus. I take it for granted, it was the affinity of the two names which first led him to this conjecture, and that drew him to other fancies which might seem in any wise to con∣firm his opinion. As, that the river which runs through Nottingham into Trent, is at this day call'd Lin or rather Lind; but then Lenton lying at a pretty distance from it, he is forc'd to back it with this groundless imagination, that Lenton might be some∣times part of Nottingham; tho' they be a mile asun∣der one from the other. What he says in defence of Lenton, why the old town might possibly be there, is very true; that it is a thing frequently observ'd, that famous towns have degenerated into little villages, and that therefore its present meanness is no objection against it: but then it can derive no authority from the river Lin or Lind. Besides, the obscurity of a place is really a prejudice to its antiquity, unless the discovery of camps, coyns, bricks, or some such remains, demonstrate its former eminence. Nothing that he has said in favour of this opinion, taken from di∣stances and such like, is of force enough to draw it from Lincoln.

At a little distance from hence, there stands in a large field a Church with a spire-steeple, call'd Flaw∣ford Church,* 1.70 the burying-place of Reddington a great Country-town above half a mile west from it. But this having a large Chapel of its own, the Church is the more neglected, and has much rubbish in it. Among it there have been many ancient monuments, no doubt of great note formerly. Some considerable ones are yet remaining both in the chancel and south-isle; part whereof seem to imply that the per∣sons to whom they belong have been engag'd in the Holy War. North-east from whence is Aslakton, fa∣mous for the birth of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury.

[d] A little more northward stands Shelford,* 1.71 men∣tion'd by Mr. Camden as the seat of the Stanhops. In the Civil wars it was a garison for the King, and commanded by Colonel Philip Stanhope, a younger son to Philip the first Earl of Chesterfield; which be∣ing taken by storm, he and many of his souldiers were therein slain, and the house afterwards burnt.

[e] Directly towards the north, upon the west∣side of the river, is Southwell,* 1.72 where I cannot but take notice of an inscription upon a pillar in that Church, both because I do not observe it set down by Dr. Thoroton, and also because it contains a••sort of historical account of that place.

Reges & Reginae erunt nutrices tuae. Hanc Collegiatam & Parochialem Ecclesiam Religiosa Antiquitas Fundavit. Rex Henricus 8. Illustrissimus restauravit 1543. Edwardo Lee Archiepiscopo Ebor. piissimo petente: Regina Elizabetha Religiosissima sancivit 1584. Edwino Sandys Archiepiscopo Ebor. dignissimo intercedente: Monarcha Jacobus Praepotentissimus stabilivit 1604. Henrico Howard, Comite Northamp∣toniensi praenobilissimo mediante. A Domino factum est istud: Da gloriam Deo Honorem Regi. Sint sicut Oreb & Zeb, & Zebe & Salmana qui dicunt possideamus Sanctuarium Dei. Psal. 83.11. Det Deus hoc sanctum sanctis; sit semper Asylum Exulis, Idolatras sacrilegósque ruat. * 1.73Gervas. Lee In piam gratámque Maecenatum memoriam posuit 1608.

[illustration] map of Darbyshire

DARBY SHIRE by Robb^t. Morden

From this town the family of the Southwells took their name, and were anciently seated here. For men∣tion is made in the* 1.74 Records, of Sir Simon Southwell under Hen. 3. of Sir John under Edw. 1. and of se∣veral others, down to Hen. 6. when they spread themselves into Norfolk and Suffolk. In the reign of Charles 2. Sir Robert of that name went into Gloce∣stershire, where he is now seated at Kings-weston.

[f] The next place is Langer,* 1.75 which Camden mentions, as eminent for the Lords of it, the Tibetots; where we are to observe, that this name has had no relation to that place since the time of Edw. 3. For in the 46. year of his reign, Robert, the last of the Tibetots, dying without heir-male; the custody of all his lands, and the care of his three daughters, were committed to Richard le Scrope; and he marrying Margaret, the eldest, to his son Roger, brought that seat into the name of the Lords Scropes, wherein it continu'd down to Emanuel, who was created Earl of Sunderland, 3 Car. 1. But he having no issue by his wife Elizabeth, that and the rest of his estate was settl'd upon his natural issue (three daughters;) and Annabella, the third of them (to whose share this manour fell in the division) marrying John Howe, second son of Sir John Howe of Compton in Gloce∣stershire, brought it into that name.

On the west-side of Trent, not far from the river Idle, stands Tuxford,* 1.76 where Charles Read Esquire built a curious Free-school, and endow'd it with 50 l. per an. The like he did at Corby in Lincolnshire, and Drax in Yorkshire; to which last he added a hospi∣tal, and endow'd that also with 50 l. per an.

[h] Returning to the course of the river, we are led to Littleborrough,* 1.77 which Camden tells us, upon second thoughts, he's fully satisfied is Antoninus's Agelocum,* 1.78 or Segelocum. The place at which he says he formerly sought it, appears from his edition of 1594. to have been Idleton, seated upon the bank of the ri∣ver Idle; to which he was induc'd partly by its di∣stance from Lindum, and partly because he imagin'd it might be an easie slip of the Librarian to write Agelocum for Adelocum, which latter is not unlike the present name of it. Talbot is for Aulerton in Sherwood, and Fulk (contrary to Antoninus, who makes it distant from Lindum 14 miles at least) for Agle, almost six miles from that place. Dr. Thoro∣ton seems inclin'd to reduce it to the bank of the river Idle, where Eaton standing, upon that account may as well be call'd Idleton; and Id or Yd in the British signifying corn, as Ydlan denotes a granary, there may seem to be some affinity between that and Segelocum, as if it were a place of corn. But then it is scarce fair to bring it to Idleton upon the likeness in sound with Adelocum; and afterwards to settle it there upon a nearness in signification to Segelocum; one of which readings must be false, and by consequence not both to be made use of as true, to confirm the same thing. Upon the whole, Mr. Burton approves of our Author's conjecture; and to reconcile Agelo∣cum and Segelocum, has ingeniously rank'd these two amongst the words, to which the Romans sometimes prefix'd an S or Sibilus, and sometimes omitted it. So (says he) they call d the Alpes, which in Lycophron's Cassandra we find written 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: and they who are call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Insulae by Dionysius the Periegetes, the same in Strabo are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; lying in the British Sea. Salamantica of Spain is call'd by Polybius 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and Caesar's Suessiones, in Ptolemy are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. To add one common Noun out of Dioscorides, what in Virgil's Eclogues is Saliunca, in him is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: or rather take the whole place out of him. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

[i] On the north-west side of this County, about a mile and a half from Workensop, is Welbeck-Abbey,* 1.79 now a very noble building, seated in the lowest part of a fine park surrounded with trees of excellent tim∣ber; and was the seat of William and Henry late Dukes of New-Castle.

And about 6 miles east from hence, stood the Ab∣bey of Rughford;* 1.80 now the noble and pleasant seat of George Marquiss of Hallifax.

Continuation of the EARLS.

Charles Howard (mention'd by our Author) dy∣ing An. 1624. was succeeded by his second son Charles; William the elder dying before him without issue-male. This Charles was succeeded by a son of his own name, who was likewise second son, James the elder dying unmarry'd. At present the title is enjoy'd by the right honourable Daniel Finch, late Secretary of State.

More rare Plants growing wild in Nottinghamshire.

Caryophyllus minor repens nostras. An Betonica coronaria, sive caryophyllata repens rubra J. B. Purple creeping mountain Pink. By the roads side on the sandy hill you ascend going from Lenton to Nottingham, plentifully; and in other sandy grounds in this County.

Gramen tremulum medium elatius, albis glumis non descriptum. Said to grow in a hollow lane between Peasely and Mansfield by P. B. I have not seen this sort of grass my self, nor do I much rely on the authority of this book: only I propose it to be searched out by the curious.

Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger. emac. Common English Liquorice. It is planted and cultivated for sale at Work∣sop in this County: which Camden also takes notice of.

Lychnis sylvestris alba nona Clus••i Ger. emac. mon∣tana viscosa alba latifolia C. B. Sylv. alba sive Oci∣moides minus album Park. Polemonium petraeum Gesneri J. B. White wild Catchfly. On the walls of Nottingham castle, and on the grounds thereabout.

Verbascum pulverulentum flore luteo parvo J. B. Hoary Mullein with small flowers. About Wollerton-hall, the seat of my honoured friend Sir Thomas Willughby Baronet.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Snotingaham-scyre is it's name in our most ancient Saxon Records.
• * 1.2

  The Trent.
• 1 1.3

  And receiv'd into it's chanel the river Soure, running hither from the County of Leicester.
• * 1.4

  Steanford.
• b 1.5

  Whatever there was in our Author's time, 'tis not famous at present for either Roman or other Antiquity. It's greatest ornament is a Church, lately repair'd and beautify'd at the charge of Thomas Lewes; the present Patron thereof.
• * 1.6

  Clifton.
• 2 1.7

  Much enrich'd by one of the heirs of Cressy.
• * 1.8

  River Lin.
• * 1.9

  Byrons.
• * 1.10

  Wollaton.
• * 1.11

  Lenton.
• * 1.12

  Notting∣ham.
• c 1.13

  See Florence of Worcester, An. 890.
• ‖ 1.14

  Trent.
• ‖ 1.15

  Vasa con∣clamarint.
• d 1.16

  His true name is Burhred.
• e 1.17

  Florence of Worcester, An. 890. tells us the same.
• * 1.18

  Bridgesford
• † 1.19

  De duo∣bus Mone∣tartis.
• * 1.20

  Emenda∣re habuit.
• * 1.21

  1175. Rog. Hove∣den, p. 307.
• * 1.22

  Mortimer's Hole.
• * 1.23

  Pierpount.
• f 1.24

  In Domesday Shelford.
• 3 1.25

  Where Ralph Hanselin founded a Priory, and the Lords Randolphs had a mansion, but now the seat of &c.
• * 1.26

  The Barony of Shelford.
• 4 1.27

  Since they match'd with an heir of Mallovel.
• * 1.28

  Stoke.
• * 1.29

  Battel of Stoke 1447.
• 5 1.30

  Is Thurgarton, where Sir Ralph D'eincourt founded a Priory, and somewhat higher Southwell, &c.
• * 1.31

  Southwell.
• * 1.32

  Tio-vul-Fingacester.
• * 1.33

  L••nger.
• * 1.34

  T••p••••f••s.
• * 1.35

  W••••••••t••••
• * 1.36

  Ch•••••••••• or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 C••a•••••••• Q••••••••.
• 6 1.37

  Near Averham or Aram, an ancient habitation of the Suttons, Gentlemen of respective worth.
• * 1.38

  Newa••k.
• g 1.39

  Dr. Thoroton is of opinion, that he only repair'd it. See p. 197. Hist. Nottinghamshire.
• * 1.40

  Vide p ••
• 7 1.41

  And King Edward the sixth incorporated it of one Alderman, and twelve Assistants.
• * 1.42

  Little∣borroug••
• * 1.43

  Agel••cu•• or Segel••¦cum.
• * 1.44

  Sw••nes-penies.
• * 1.45

  Strelley.
• h 1.46

  Otherwise call'd Strad∣legh, and Straley.
• * 1.47

  Shirewoo••
• * 1.48

  Mansfeld.
• 8 1.49

  Who delineate the pedigree of the Graves of the great family of Mansfield in Germany.
• 9 1.50

  And the hereditary Foresters or Keepers of this Forest of Shirewood were men in their times of high estimation, viz. Sir Gerard de Normanvile, in the time of the Conquest, the Cauzes and Bir∣kins, by whose heir it came to the Everinghams. Of which family Sir Adam Everingham was summon'd to Parliaments in the reigns of King Edw. 2. and King Edw. 3. At which time they were seated at Laxton anciently call'd Lexinton, where also fleurish'd a great family so sirnam'd, whose heirs were marry'd into the houses of Sutton of Averham and Markham.
• * 1.51

  ••dle.
• * 1.52

  ••••rkham.
• 10 1.53

  Being descended from one of the heirs of Cressy, and formerly from an heir of Lexinton, as I lately shew'd.
• i 1.54

  He dy'd (as appears from an inscription in Markham-Church) of S. Silvester's day, An. D. 1409.
• * 1.55

  •••• kensop
• * 1.56

  ••••q••orice.
• * 1.57

  ••••••the.
• * 1.58

  ••••roby.
• * 1.59

  Lords and Earls of Notting∣ham. Lib. M. Lin∣ton. Matth. Pa∣ris. p. 126. See the Earls of Derby. Matth. Pa∣ris. p. 204. Hoveden, p. 373. b. Inq. 6 Ric. 2.
• 11 1.60

  By his wife, the heir of the Mowbraies.
• 12 1.61

  When he created him Duke of Richmond.
• * 1.62

  Foss-way.
• * 1.63

  Willough∣••y on the Wold.
• * 1.64

  East-Bridg∣ford.
• * 1.65

  Long-Col∣lingham.
• * 1.66

  Steanford.
• * 1.67

  Notting∣ham.
• * 1.68

  Lenton.
• * 1.69

  Bort••n Itin. p. 2••4.
• * 1.70

  Flawford.
• * 1.71

  Shelford.
• * 1.72

  Southwell.
• * 1.73

  From hence it is commonly call'd Lees∣pillar.
• * 1.74

  •• Thorot. ••••••ing-••••••sh••••e.
• * 1.75

  ••••nger.
• * 1.76

  ••••••ford.
• * 1.77

  ••••••lebor∣••••••gh.
• * 1.78

  ••••locum. ••••••giacum.
• * 1.79

  Welbeck-Abbey.
• * 1.80

  Rughford-Abbey.