Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions and improvements ; publish'd by Edmund Gibson ...

MIDDLESEX.

MIDDLESEX has its name from the middle-Saxons, because the Inha∣bitants of it liv'd in the midst of the East, West, and South-Saxons, and of those whom in that age they call'd Mercians. It is divided from Bucking∣hamshire Westward by the little river Cole1 1.1, from Hert∣fordshire Northward by a certain known limit, from Essex Eastward by the river Lee, and Southward from Surrey and Kent by the Thames. The County is but narrow; being at longest but 20 miles, but where shortest only 12. The air is exceeding healthful, and the soil fertile, the buildings and streets every where stately, and no part of it but affords a great many remarkables. Upon the river Cole, at its first entrance into this County, I met with Breakspear,* 1.2 the ancient seat of a family of that name, of which was descended Pope Hadrian the fourth,* 1.3 metion'd a

[illustration] map of Middlesex

[illustration]

[illustration]

MIDLESEX By Rob^t. Morden.

little before: next Haresfeld,* 1.4 formerly Herefelle, the possession of Richard son of2 1.5 Gislebert, in the time of William the Conquerour. More to the South, Ux∣bridge* 1.63 1.7, a late town, and full of Inns, is stretcht out into a great length. And below that, is Draiton, built by the Barons Paget; Colham, which came from the Barons Le Strange to the Earls of Derby; and Stanwell, the seat of the family of Windesor•• from the coming in of the Conquerour, to within the memo∣ry of our Fathers. Not far from hence, the Cole af∣ter it has made some Islands, slips at a double mouth into the Thames; upon which, as a German Poet of our age, describes it,

Tot campos, sylvas, tot regia tecta, tot hortos Artifici dextrâ excultos, tot vidimus arces, Ut nunc Ausonio Tamisis cum Tybride certet.

Such fields, such woods, such stately piles appear, Such gardens grace the earth, such tow'rs the air; That Thames with Roman Tiber may compare.

Stanes,* 1.8 in Saxon Stana, offers it self first in the ve∣ry Western limit, where there is a* 1.9 wooden bridge over the Thames. As to the name, it had it from a boundary-stone formerly set up here to mark out the extent of the City of London's Jurisdiction in the ri∣ver. Near this stone, there is a famous meadow call'd Runing-mead,* 1.10 and commonly Renimed, wherein was a great Meeting of the Nobility in the year 1215. to demand their Liberties of King John. Upon the Thames's running by the place, the Author of the Marriage of Tame and Isis has this touch:

Subluit hic pratum, quod dixit Renimed Anglus, Quo sedêre duces armis annisque verendi, Regis Joannis cuperent qui vertere sceptrum, Edwardi Sancti dum leges juráque vellent Principe contempto tenebroso è carcere duci: Hinc sonuere tubae plusquam civilia bella, Venit & hinc refugus nostras Lodovicus in oras.

Now Renimed upon the bank appears, Where men renown'd for honour, arms, and years Met to reform the State, controul the King And Edward's Laws from long oblivion bring. Hence more than civil wars the land opprest, And Lewis with his French the Rebels strength increast.

* 1.11Then it passes by Coway-stakes near Lalam, where (as we observ'd) Caesar pass'd the Thames, and the Britains to prevent him, set the bank and ford with stakes; from whence it has its name. Gliding from hence,* 1.12 it takes a view of Harrow, the highest hill in this County, which on the South has very fruitful fields for a long way together; espe∣cially about the little village of Heston, the flowre whereof has been particularly made choice of by our Kings for their own bread. At a little distance from thence is Hanworth, where is a Royal, though but small house; so much admir'd by King Henry 8. that he made it his chief pleasure-seat. Afterwards, it glides by Hampton-Court,* 1.13 a Royal palace, and a very magnificent structure, built by Cardinal Thomas Wol∣sey purely out of ostentation, to show his great wealth; a person upon all accounts exceeding prudent, but that insolence carry'd him beyond himself. It4 1.14 was enlarg'd and finisht by King Henry 8. and has five large Courts set round with neat buildings, the work whereof is exceeding curious. Leland has this stroke upon it:

Est locus insolito rerum splendore superbus, Alluitúrque vaga Tamisini fluminis unda, Nomine ab antiquo jam tempore dictus Avona. Hîc Rex Henricus taleis Octavius aedes Erexit, qualeis toto Sol aureus orbe Non vidit.

A place, which Nature's choicest gifts adorn, Where Thame's kind streams in gentle currents turn, The name of Hampton▪ hath for ages born.

Here such a Palace shows great Henry's care, As Sol ne're views from his exalted sphere In all his tedious stage.—

And the Marriage of Tame and Isis, this:

Alluit Hamptonam celebrem quae laxior urbis Mentitur formam spatiis; hanc condidit aulam Purpureus pater ille gravis, gravis ille sacerdos Wolsaeus, fortuna favos cui felle repletos Obtulit, heu tandem fortunae dona, dolores.

To Hampton runs, whose state and beauty shows A city here contracted in a house.

This the grave Prelate Wolsey's care begun, To whom blind fortune's arts were fully known, And all her smiles dash'd with one fatal frown.

From hence the river fetches a large winding to∣wards the north by Gistleworth (for so our Thistle∣worth* 1.15 was formerly call'd) where was once a Palace of Richard King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwal, burnt by the Londoners in an Insurrecti∣on.

Next we see Sion,* 1.16 a small Religious house (so call'd from the holy Mount of that name,) which Henry 5. after he had driven out the Monks Aliens, built for5 1.17 Nuns of St. Briget; as he erected another at the same time, call'd6 1.18 Bethelem opposite to this,* 1.19 on the other side of the river, for the Carthusians. In this Sion, to the Glory of God, he plac'd as many Virgins, Priests, and Lay-brethren within several partitions, as amounted to the number of the Apostles and Dis∣ciples of Christ: and having given them very ample revenues, even beyond what was necessary, he made a special order that they should be content with that, and not so much as receive any thing from other hands; but that so much of the yearly revenue, as was over and above to their maintenance, they should give to the Poor. But upon the general expulsion of the Religious within the memory of our Fathers, it was turn'd into a Country-house of the Duke of So∣merset's, who pull'd down the Church, and began to build a new house7 1.20. Hard by is Brentford* 1.21 (which receiv'd that name from the little river Brent,) where Edmund Ironside, after he had oblig'd the Danes to draw off from the siege of London, did so attack them as to force 'em to a disorderly flight, wherein he kill'd great numbers of them. From Stanes thus far, all between the high-road along Hounslow, and the Thames, was call'd the Forrest or Warren of Stanes, till Henry 3. (as we read in his Charter) deforrested and dewarren'd it. Then8 1.22 I saw Fulham,* 1.23 in Saxon, Ful∣lonham, i.e. a house of fowle, which receives its great∣est honour from the Bishop of London's Country-house9 1.24 [f]: And Chelsey,* 1.25 so call'd from a bed of Sands in the river Thames10 1.26, adorn'd with stately buildings by Henry 8. William Powlett Marquess of Winchester, and others [g].

But amongst these, London (which is, as it were, the Epitome of all Britain, the Seat of the British Empire, and the† 1.27 Residence of the Kings of England) is, to use the Poet's comparison, as much above the rest, as the Cypress is above the little sprig. Taci∣tus, Ptolemy, and Antoninus call it Londinium, and Longidinium; Ammianus, Lundinum and Augusta; Stephanus in his book of Cities, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; our British, Lundayn; the old Saxons, Londen-ceaster, Londen-byrig, Londen-pyc; foreigners, Londra, and Lon∣dres; our own nation, London;* 1.28 the fabulous Writers, Troja Nova, Dinas Belin, i.e. the city of Belin, and Caer Lud, from one King Luddus, whom

they affirm to have given it both being and name. But as for those new-broach'd names and originals, as also Erasmus's conjecture that it came from Lindum a city of Rhodes, I leave 'em to those that are inclin'd to admire them. For my own part, since Caesar and Strabo have told me,* 1.29 that the ancient Britains call'd such woods or groves as they fenc'd with trees they had cut down, Cities or Towns, and since I have been inform'd, that in British they call such places Llhwn; I am almost of this opinion, that London is by way of eminence simply call'd a City, or a City in a wood. But if that do not hit, give me leave, with∣out the charge of inconstancy11 1.30, to guess once more, that it might have it's name from the same original that it had it's growth and glory; I mean Ships, call'd by the British Lhong; so that London is as much as a Harbour or City of Ships. For the Britains term a City Dinas,* 1.31 which the Latins turn'd into Dinum. Upon which account it is call'd in one place Longi∣dinium; and in a* 1.32 Song of an ancient British Bard, Lhongporth, i.e. a port or harbour for Ships. And by the same word, Bologne in France, in Ptolemy Gessoriacum Navale, is turn'd by the British Glossary Bolung Long. For several cities have had their names from shipping, as, Naupactus, Naustathmos, Nauplia, Navalia Augusti, &c. None of which can lay bet∣ter claim to the name of an harbour than our London. For 'tis admirably accommodated with both Ele∣ments: standing in a fruitful soil, abounding with every thing, seated upon a gentle ascent, and upon the river Thames, which, without trouble or difficul∣ty, brings it in the riches of the world. For by the convenience of the tide coming in at set hours, with the safety and depth of the river, which brings up the largest vessels, it daily heaps in so much wealth both from East and West, that it may at this day dis∣pute the preheminence with all the Mart-towns in Christendom. Moreover, it is such a sure and com∣plete station for ships, that one may term it a grov'd wood, so shaded is it with masts and sails [h].

Antiquity has told us nothing of the first Founder; as indeed Cities growing up by little and little, but seldom know their original. Notwithstanding, this among others, has fabulously deriv'd it self from the Trojans, and is persuaded that Brute,‖ 1.33 second Nephew to the famous Aeneas, was it's Founder. But who∣ever built it, the growth of it may convince 'twas begun with a† 1.34 lucky omen12 1.35; and Ammianus Mar∣cellinus has taught us to pay it a veneration upon account of it's Antiquity, when even in his time (which is twelve hundred years ago) he calls it an ancient town. And agreeably Cornelius Tacitus, who flourish'd under Nero13 1.36, has told us, that then 'twas a place exceeding famous for the number of mer∣chants, and it's trade. Even then nothing was want∣ing to complete it's glory, but that it was not either a‖ 1.37 Free-borough or a Colony. Nor indeed would it have been the interest of the Romans, that a City of such vast trade should enjoy the privileges of a Colo∣ny, or Free-borough: for which reason, I fancy, they made it a Praefecture;* 1.38 for so they call'd the towns wherein there were* 1.39 Fairs and Courts kept. Not that they had Magistrates of their own, but had Prae∣fects sent them yearly to do justice, who were to act in all publick affairs, such as taxes, tributes, im∣posts,† 1.40 the business of the army, &c. according to the Instructions of the Roman Senate. Upon which ac∣count it is that London is only term'd Opidum (a town) by Tacitus, by the Panegyrist, and by Marcellinus. But altho' it had not a more honourable title, yet it has been as powerful, wealthy, and prosperous as any; and that almost without interruption under the Ro∣man, Saxon, and Norman Governments; scarce ever falling under any great calamity [i]. In Nero's reign, when the Britains under the conduct of Boa∣dicia, had unanimously resolv'd to recover their old liberty, the Londoners could not prevail upon Sueto∣nius Paulinus either by cries or tears, but that after he had got together assistance, he would march, and leave the city defenceless to the mercy of the enemy; and they immediately dispatch'd those few, that ei∣ther by reason of their sex, their old age, or a natu∣ral inclination to the place, had stay'd behind. Nor had it suffer'd a less dismal massacre from the Franks, had not the Divine Providence unexpectedly inter∣pos'd. For when C. Alectus had treacherously cut off C. Carausius* 1.41 a citizen of Menapia, who (de∣pending upon the boisterousness of our sea,* 1.42 the diffi∣culties of the war wherein Dioclesian was engag'd in the East, and the Franks, with that bold crew of sea-allies) had kept back the revenues of Britain and Batavia, and enjoy'd the title of Emperour (as we learn from several of his Coins that are dug up) for six years together; when also M. Aurelius Asclepio∣datus had cut off and defeated Alectus in a set battel, who for three years together had usurp'd the govern∣ment of Britain:* 1.43 then the Franks that escap'd alive out of the engagement posted to London, and were just ready to plunder the City, when the Thames (that always stood the Londoners a true friend) luckily brought up some Roman soldiers that had been parted from the main fleet by a fog. These fell upon the Barbarians in all parts of the City; by which means the citizens were not only secure them∣selves, but had the satisfaction of seeing their enemies destroy'd. Then it is our Annals tell us, that L. Gal∣lus was slain near a little river, which run almost thro' the midst of the City, and was call'd from him Nantgall in British, and in English Walbroke. A name that remains in a street there, under which, I have heard, there goes a ditch or sink to carry off the filth of the town. It is not far from that great stone call'd London-stone:* 1.44 this I take to have been a Mile-stone (such a one as they had in the Forum at Rome) from which all the Journeys were begun; since it stood in the middle of the City as it run out in length. And hitherto, I do not think London was walled round. But our Historians tell us, that a little after, Constantine the Great,* 1.45 at the request of Helena his mother, first wall'd it about with hew'n stone and British bricks, containing within the compass of it about 3 miles: whereby the City was made a square but not equilateral; being longer from west to east, and from south to north narrower. That part of these walls which run along by the Thames,* 1.46 by the continual beating of the river is quite wash'd away; tho' Fitz-Stephens (who liv'd at that time) tells us, there were some pieces of it to be seen in Henry 2.'s time. The rest remains to this day, and that part toward the north very firm; for having not many years since been repair'd by one Jotcelin that was Mayor, it put on, as it were, [ 1474] a new face and fresh∣ness. But that toward the east and west, tho' the Barons repair'd it in their Wars out of the demolish'd houses of the Jews, is yet ruinous and going all to decay. For the Londoners, like the Lacedaemonians of old, slight fenced Cities as fit for nothing but wo∣men to live in, and look upon their own to be safe not by the assistance of stones, but the courage of it's inhabitants. These walls have 7 Gates in them,* 1.47 (for those lesser I industriously omit,) which as they have been repair'd, have taken new names. To the west there are two; Ludgate, so call'd either from King Luddus, or, as Leland thinks, from Fludgate, with re∣ference to the small river below it (as there was the Porta Fluentana at Rome;) this was lately built from the very foundation: and Newgate, [ 1586] the most beauti∣ful of them all; so nam'd from the newness of it (for before they call'd it Chamberlangate) and is the publick Gaol. On the north-side there are four; Aldersgate, either from it's antiquity, or (as others would have it) from Aldrick the Saxon: Cripplegate, from the adjoyning Hospital for lame people: More∣gate, from a neighbouring bog or fen, now turn'd into a field and a pleasant Walk, which was first built by one14 1.48 Francerius, who was Mayor in the year 1414. Bishopsgate, from the Bishop; this (as I have been told) the German Merchants of the So∣ciety of the Hanse-towns,* 1.49 were bound by Article both to keep in repair, and in case of a siege to de∣fend it. To the east there is but one, Aldgate, (from it's oldness) or as others will have it call'd,

Elbegate15 1.50. The common opinion is, that there were two more towards the Thames, besides that at the bridge, Belings-gate, now a* 1.51 Wharf to receive ships; and Dourgate, i.e. the water-gate, call'd commonly Dow-gate.

At each end of the wall that runs along by the ri∣ver, there were strong Forts; the one towards the east remains to this day, call'd commonly the Tower* 1.52 of London, and in British from it's whiteness, Brin∣gwin, and Tour-gwin. Which is indeed a stately Tower, surrounded with strong walls, mounting up with turrets, guarded with a rampire and broad ditches, together with the accommodation of a no∣ble Armory, and other houses; so that it self looks like a town: and a conjecture that the two Castles, which Fitz-Stephens has told us were at the west-end of the city, may have been turn'd into this one, would be plausible enough. At the west-end of the city there was another Fort, where the little river Fleet (from whence our Fleetstreet) now of little va∣lue, but formerly, as I have read in the Parliament-Records, navigable, empties it self into the Thames. Fitz-Stephens call'd this the Palatine-Tower, and tradi∣tion affirms it to have been burnt down in William the Conquerour's time. Out of the ruins whereof was built a great part of Paul's Church; as also a Monastery for Dominican Friers (from whom we call the place Black-Friers) founded in the very area or plot of it, by Robert Kilwarby Archbishop of Can∣terbury: from whence you may easily take an esti∣mate of it's largeness. And yet in Henry 2.'s time, there were in the same place (as Gervasius Tilburi∣ensis, in his Otia Imperialia, affirms) two Pergama, or Castles with walls and rampires; one whereof belong'd hereditarily to Bainard, the other to the Barons of Mont∣fitchett. But there's nothing now to be seen of them; tho' some are inclin'd to think that Penbroch-house was a part of them, which we call Bainard's-castle, from a Nobleman, one William Bainard, Lord of Dunmow, that was formerly owner of it; whose suc∣cessors, the Fitz-Walters, were hereditary‖ 1.53 Standard-bearers of London16 1.54.

* 1.55Nor was London only wall'd round at that time, but also upon the confirmation Christianity receiv'd from that best of Emperours, the Flamine was re∣mov'd, and a Bishop put in his place. For 'tis plain that the Bishop of London was at the Council of Arles, held in the year 314. under Constantine the Great; since we find by the first Tome of the Coun¦cils,* 1.56 Out of the Province of Britain, Restitutus Bishop of the City of London; whom (with his successors) some affirm to have had his residence at St. Peter's in Corn∣hill. From that time, London flourish'd so exceed∣ingly,* 1.57 as that by degrees it was call'd Augusta, and had that honourable title under Valentinian the Em∣perour. For thus Ammianus Marcellinus, in his 27th Book; And going to London an ancient town, which posterity call'd Augusta. And in his 28th Book; Going from Augusta, which the Ancients call'd London. Upon which account,* 1.58 when a Mint-Office was set∣tled here in Constantine the Great's time (for we read in those Medals that he made in memory of Constantius his father, as well as in others, P. LON. S. i.e. Pecunia Londini signata, or, money coin'd at Lon∣don:) then he that was Governour here under the Count of the* 1.59 Imperial Largesses, we find call'd by the Notitia, Provost of the Treasures of the Augustenses in Britain. This Augusta was a name of the greatest honour, and full of Majesty. For the Builders or Repairers of Cities, out of either hopes or wishes that they might be powerful, flourishing, and great, us'd to give them auspicious names. But amongst all the rest, there was none so magnificent, none so auspici∣ous, as Augusta. For that best and greatest of Em∣perours Octavianus, took the name of Augustus, not without the judgment of the most Learned. He was surnam'd Augustus (says Dio) to imply that he was above the common reach of men.* 1.60 For those things which best deserve honour and are most sacred, are call'd Augu∣sta. Nor had London this name, and this particu∣lar mark of honour, without the consent of the Ro∣man Emperours. Which custom of taking no name without a particular Licence, Virgil hints to in that verse of his;

Urbem appellabant, permisso nomine, Acestam. The city they, with leave, Acesta call'd.

But as time has destroy'd this most honourable name, so has it confirm'd that more ancient one of London. While it had that other name, it was ve∣ry near being sack'd by a seditious gang of Robbers; but Theodosius, father to Theodosius▪ the Emperour, falling upon them while they were laden with the spoils, routed them, and (as Marcellinus has it) with great joy and in a triumphant manner enter'd the City, that had just before been overwhelm'd in miseries. Marching from thence, he so effectually freed Bri∣tain, by his singular courage, from those calamities wherein 'twas involv'd, that (as Symmachus tells us)† 1.61 the Romans honour'd this British General with a Statue on horse-back, amongst their ancient heroes. Not long after, when the Roman Government in Britain ex∣pir'd, by a publick calamity of the whole Island, it fell under the power of the Saxons; but by what methods, does not appear from History. I fancy that Vortigern, when a captive, gave it Hengist the Saxon for his ransom; for it belong'd to the East-Saxons; and Authors tell us, that Vortigern gave Hengist that Country upon this account. At which time the Church suffer'd whatever could be inflicted; it's Pastors martyr'd or banish'd, the flocks driven away: and when all the wealth, sacred and profane, was swallow'd up in plunders and rapines, Theonus the last Bishop of London that was a Britain, hid the Reliques of the Saints (as my Author says) to preserve their memory, and not out of any superstition.* 1.62 But tho' the disturbances of the Saxon age were such, that one might truly say Mars himself had brandish'd his wea∣pons, yet was London (as Bede tells us) a Mart-town of great traffick and commerce both by sea and land. But afterwards, when a gentle gale of peace began to fan and inspirit this weary Island, and the Saxons turn'd Christian; it rose again with a new and great∣er lustre. [ 610] For Aethelbert King of Kent (under whom Sebert was a‖ 1.63 sort of petty Prince, purely by per∣mission, in those parts) he built here a Church de∣dicated to S. Paul;* 1.64 which, by improvements at se∣veral times, is grown to an exceeding large and magnificent building; and the revenues of it are so considerable, as to maintain a Bishop, Dean, Prae∣centor, Chancellour, Treasurer, 5 Archdeacons, 30 Prebendaries, and others. The east-part of this Church which seems to be newer, and is curiously wrought, having a vault and a most beautiful porch (call'd also S. Faith's Church;) was re-edify'd by Bp. Maurice about 1036. out of the ruins of that Palatine Tower above-mention'd; having been before that la∣mentably burnt down. Of which Malmesbury. It has such a majestick beauty, as to deserve a name amongst the buildings of greatest note. So wide is the vault, so capacious* 1.65 the body of the Church, that one would think it might contain the greatest Congregation imaginable. And thus, Maurice by satisfying his extravagant humour, entail'd the charge of this great work upon posterity. And after∣ward, when Richard his successor had allow'd the entire revenues of his Bishoprick to the building of this Cathedral, finding other ways to maintain himself and his family; he seem'd to have done nothing towards it; thus he bestow'd all he had upon it, and to little purpose. The west part of it, as also‖ 1.66 the Cross-Ile, is spacious, with lofty large pillars and a most beautiful roof. Where these 4 parts do as it were cut one another, there arises a large and lofty tower; upon which stood a spire cover'd over with lead, and of a prodigious height (for from the ground it was 534 foot;) but in the year 1087. it was burnt with lightning, not without great da∣mage to the city: and tho' built again; yet very lately (when we were boys) suffering the same fate once more, it is not yet re-edify'd. [ 1561] I will subjoyn the description of this magnificent structure out of an Author of pretty good Antiquity, which you may

read or let alone, as you please:

The length of Paul's Church is 690 foot; the breadth 130 foot; the height of the western-roof from the area, 102 foot; the height of the roof of the new building from the area, 88 foot; the height of the stone-work belonging to* 1.67 the Belfrey from the ground, 260 foot; the height of the wooden part belonging to the same Belfrey, 274 foot, &c. [k].

* 1.68Some have fancy'd that a Temple of Diana for∣merly stood here; and there are circumstances that back their conjecture: as the old adjacent buildings being call'd in their Records Dianae Camera, i.e. the Chamber of Diana; the digging up in the Church∣yard, in Edward the first's reign (as we find by our Annals) a great number of Ox-heads; which the common people at that time, not without great ad∣miration, lookt upon to be Gentile-sacrifices; and the Learned know that the Tauropolia were celebrated in honour of Diana. And when I was a boy, I have seen a stagg's-head fixt upon a spear (agreeable e∣nough to the Sacrifices of Diana) and carry'd about within the very Church with great solemnity and sounding of Horns. And I have heard that the Stagg which the family of Baud in Essex were bound to pay for certain lands, us'd to be receiv'd at the steps of the Quire by the Priests of this Church, in their Sa∣cerdotal robes, and with garlands of flowers about their heads. Whether this was a custom, before those Bauds were bound to the payment of that Stagg, I know not; but certain it is, this ceremony savours more of the worship of Diana and the Gentile-errours, than of the Christian Religion. And 'tis beyond all doubt, that some of these strange Rites crept into the Christian Religion; which the pri∣mitive Christians either clos'd with, out of that na∣tural inclination mankind has to Superstition, or bore with them a little in the beginning, with a design to draw over the Gentiles by little and little to the true worship of God [l].

However, ever since this Church was built, it has been the See of the Bishops of London; and under the Saxons (fifty years after the expulsion of The∣onus) the first Bishop it had was Melitus a Roman, consecrated by Augustine Archbishop of Canter∣bury. It was in honour to this Augustine, that the Archiepiscopal* 1.69 Dignity, and the Metropoliti∣cal See were translated from London to Canterbury, against the express order of Pope Gregory. There are bury'd in this Church (to say nothing of S. Er∣kenwald,* 1.70 and the Bishops) Sebba King of the East-Saxons, who quitted his Crown for the sake of Christ and Religion; Ethelred or Egelred (who was rather an oppressor than governour of this kingdom: the be∣ginning of his reign barbarous, the middle miserable, and the end shameful: he made himself inhuman by conniving at Parricide, infamous by his cowardize and effeminacy: and by his death, miserable.) Henry Lacy, Earl of Lin∣coln, John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, Simon de Bur∣ley a famous Knight17 1.71, J. de18 1.72 Beauchamp Warden of the Cinque-Ports, J. Lord Latimer, Sir John Mason, William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper, a person of great conduct and profound judgment, Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Francis Walsingham most famous Knights, &c. and19 1.73 Christopher Hatton Lord High Chancellour of England, to whose sacred and lasting memory his† 1.74 nephew20 1.75 William Hatton of the ancient family of the Newports (but by him adopted into the name and family of the Hattons,) dutifully erected a magnificent monument, becoming the dignity and high character of so great a Man [m].

Besides this, there is nothing of the Saxon work that I know of remains in London; for 'twas not long they had enjoy'd a settl'd peace, when the West-Saxons subdu'd the East-Saxons, and London fell in∣to the hands of the Mercians. And these civil wars were scarcely ended, but presently a new northern storm breaks out, namely that Danish one, which miserably harrass these parts, and gave a great blow to this city. For the Danes got possession of it, but Aelfred retook it, and after he had repair'd it, com∣mitted it to the government of his son-in-Law Aethel∣red, Earl of the Mercians. Notwithstanding, after this those Plunderers did often besiege it; especially Canutus, who dugg a new chanel with a design to divert the Thames: but they always lost their la∣bour, the citizens stoutly defending it against the assaults of the enemy. But for all this they were un∣der continual apprehensions, till they joyfully receiv'd William the Norman, and saluted him King; whom Providence had design'd21 1.76 for the Crown of England. From that time the winds ceas'd, the clouds scatter'd, and the true golden age shone forth. Since then it has not endur'd any signal calamity, but by the bounty of our Princes obtain'd several immunities, began to be call'd the‖ 1.77 Chamber of the Kings, and has grown so in Trade ever since, that William of Malmsbury, who liv'd near that time, calls it a City, noble, wealthy, in every part adorn'd by the riches of the citizens, and fre∣quented by merchants from all parts of the world. And Fitz-Stephens, who liv'd in that age, has told us, that then London had 122 Parish-Churches, and 13 be∣longing to* 1.78 Convents; and that upon a muster made of all that were able to bear Arms, it sent into the field forty thousand foot, and twenty thousand horse. Then it began to encrease on every side with new buildings, and the suburbs round to stretch it self a long way from the city-gates [n]; especially to the west, where it is most populous,* 1.79 and has 12 Inns of Court for the study of our Common-Law. Four of them, very large and splendid, belong† 1.80 to the Judicial-Courts; the rest to Chancery22 1.81. In these there are such numbers of young Gentlemen attend the study of the Law, that in this point they are no way infe∣riour to Angiers, Caen, or Orleans, as23 1.82 J. Fortescue in his little Treatise of the Laws of England, has told us. Those four principal ones I mention'd,* 1.83 are the Inner-Temple, the Middle-Temple, Grays-Inn, and Lincolns-Inn. The two first are in the place where formerly (in the reign of Henry 2.) Heraclius Patriarch of Jerusalem consecrated a Church for the Knights Templars, which was built after the model of the Temple near our Sa∣viour's Sepulchre at Jerusalem. For24 1.84 there they liv'd in that part of the Temple next the Sepulchre, and from it had their name; being under a vow to protect the Christian Religion25 1.85, and such as came in pilgrimage to the Sepulchre of our Lord, against the Mahometans26 1.86. By which means they gain'd great esteem and respect from all hands, by the bounty of Princes27 1.87 had large possessions and much wealth, and flourisht in great reputation for their piety28 1.88.* 1.89 Many Noble-men were bury'd among them; whose Images are to be seen in this Temple with their leggs across (for so all those in that age were bury'd, who had de∣voted themselves to the service of the Holy War, or, as those times worded it, had taken up the Cross.) Among the rest, were William29 1.90 the father, William and Gil∣bert the sons, all Marshals of England, and Earls of Pembroke30 1.91. But31 1.92 in the year of our Lord 1312. this Order was condemn'd for Impiety, and by au∣thority of the Pope utterly abolisht. However, their revenues by Act of Parliament went to the Knights-Hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem, lest what was gi¦ven upon a Religious design, contrary to the Will of the Doners should be turn'd to other uses. Notwith∣standing, it appears plainly by ancient Records, that after the Templars were driven out, this place was the seat of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, and of that32 1.93 Spenser who was a great favourite of King Edward

the second, as afterwards of33 1.94 Audomar de Valentia Earl of Pembroke; and at last it was turn'd into two† 1.95 Inns for Lawyers. Concerning the other two, I have met with nothing upon record; only there is a Tradition that one of them was the habitation of the Lords Grey34 1.96, the other of the Earls of Lin∣coln.

Near these, between the New and Old Temple, King Henry the third built a House of Converts for the maintenance of those who turn'd from Judaism to Christianity; which afterwards King Edward 3. made a place for the Rolls and Records, upon which account it is at this day call'd the Rowles* 1.97 [o].

These Suburbs run along in a continu'd set of buildings, and the stately houses of some of the No∣bility upon the Thames, as far as Westminster. The most considerable of them are‖ 1.98 St. Bridgid's-Well, where King Henry 8. built a Palace for the recepti∣on of the Emperour Charles the fifth; but now it is a house of Correction; Buckhurst-house35 1.99, belong¦ing sometimes to the Bishops of Salisbury;36 1.100 the house of the Carmelites; the Temples before-mention'd;37 1.101 Essex-house, built by the Lord Paget; Arundel-house38 1.102; Somerset-house, built by Seimor Duke of So∣merset. Next, to pass by the rest, the Savoy (so call'd from Peter Earl of Savoy, who liv'd in it,) which Eleanor wife of Henry 3. bought of the Fraternity of* 1.103 Montjoy, and gave to her son Edmund Earl of Lan∣caster; whose posterity had it for a seat a good while, till Henry the seventh made it a† 1.104 Hospital for the Poor39 1.105. Durham-house, built by Anthony Bec Bishop of Durham, and Patriarch of Jerusalem40 1.106. York-house (for so it has been call'd of late) formerly41 1.107 Bath house. But what do I giving particular names to these† 1.108 which do not belong to any one, but as For∣tune disposes of them?

Westminster,* 1.109 formerly above a mile distant, is now by these Suburbs joyn'd so close to London, that it seems to be part of it; notwithstanding 'tis a distinct City of it self, and enjoys its own Magistrates and Privileges. Once it was call'd Thorney, from the thorns; now Westminster, from its westerly situation and the minster. For 'tis particularly eminent for that Church, for its Hall of Justice, and the King's Pa∣lace. The Church's greatest honour is deriv'd from the inauguration and burial of our Kings in it. Sul∣cardus affirms that there once stood in that place a Temple of Apollo, and that it was thrown down by an Earth-quake in the time of Antoninus Pius. Out of the ruins whereof Sebert King of the East-Saxons built another to St. Peter; which being destroy'd by the Danes, was re-edify'd and granted to a few Monks by Bishop Dunstan. But afterwards, King Edward sirnam'd the Confessor, built it anew out of the tenth peny of all his revenues, for a burying place to himself, and a Monastery to the Benedictine Monks; endowing it with lands dispers'd here and there through all England. But hear a cotempora∣ry Historian: The devout and pious King has dedicated that place to God, both for its nearness to the famous and wealthy city, for its pleasant situation among fruitful grounds and green fields, and for the nearness of that principal ri∣ver, which from all parts of the world conveys whatever is necessary to the adjoyning City. But above all, for the love he bore to the Prince of the Apostles, whom he always reverenc'd with a singular zeal and veneration, he made choice of that for the place of his sepulchre. Then he or∣der'd a noble structure to be begun and built out of the tenths of his whole revenue▪ such a one as might become the Prince of the Apostles; that after the transitory course of this life he might find a propitious God, both upon account of his piety, and his free offering of those lands and ornaments with which he designs to enrich it. Whereupon, the work thus nobly begun is successfully carry'd on, without sparing for either present or future charges; so it may be made wor∣thy of and acceptable to God and the Blessed [Apostle] Peter. Please also to take the form of this ancient building out of an old Manuscript: The* 1.110 body of the Church is roof'd with lofty Arches of square work,† 1.111 the joints answering one another; but on both sides it is enclos'd with a double Arch of stones firmly cemented and knit together. Moreover, the Cross of the Church (made to encompass the middle Quire of the‖ 1.112 Singers, and by its double supporter on each side to bear up the lofty top of the middle tower) first rises singly with a low and strong arch, then mounts higher with several winding stairs artificially ascending, and last of all with a single wall reaches to the wooden roof well cover'd with lead. But 160 years af∣ter, Henry the third demolish'd this Fabrick of Ed∣ward's, and erected a new one of curious workman∣ship, supported by several rows of marble Pillars, and leaded over; which was fifty years in building. This the Abbots very much enlarg'd towards the west; and Henry the seventh, for the burial of himself and* 1.113 his children, added to the east part of it a Chapel of a most neat and admirable contrivance (call'd by Leland the miracle of the world; for you'd say that all the Art in the world is crowded into this one work,) wherein is to be seen his own most splendid and magnificent Monument, made of solid brass [q]. After the expulsion of the Monks, it had several re∣volutions: first it had a Dean and Prebenda••ies; next one single Bishop, Thomas Thurlbey, who after he had squander'd away the revenues of the Church, gave it up, and surrender'd it42 1.114 to the Dean. Presently af∣ter, the Monks and their Abbot were restor'd by Queen Mary; but they being quickly ejected by Authority of Parliament, Queen Elizabeth converted it into a Collegiate Church, nay, I may say a Nur∣sery of the Church. For she settl'd twelve Preben∣daries, as many old Souldiers past service, forty Scho∣lars (calld King's Scholars) sent successively to the Universities, and thence transplanted into Church and State, &c. Over all these she constituted a Dean43 1.115; which dignity not long since was honourably bore by Dr. Gabriel Goodman, a person of singular worth and integrity, and a particular Patron both to me and my studies.

There were bury'd in this Church (to run over those likewise in order,* 1.116 and according to their Dig∣nity and the time when they dy'd:) Sebert first44 1.117 King of the East-Angles; Harold (bastard-son of Canutus the Dane) King of England; St. Edward King and Confessor, with his Queen Editha; Maud, wife to King Henry the first, and daughter to Mal∣colm King of Scots; Henry the third; Edward the first, his son, with Eleanor his wife, daughter to Fer∣dinand, third King of Castile and Leon. King Ed∣ward the third, and Philippa of Hanault his wife; Richard the second, and Anne his wife, sister of the Emperour Wenzelaus; Henry the fifth, with his wife Catharine, daughter of Charles the sixth, King of France; Anne, wife of Richard the third, and daugh∣ter of Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick; Henry the seventh, with his wife Elizabeth45 1.118, and his mother Margaret Countess of Richmond; K. Edward the sixth; Anne of Cleve, fourth wife to K. Henry 8. Queen Mary; and one not to be mention'd without the highest ex∣pressions both of respect and sorrow; I mean our late most serene Lady Queen Elizabeth* 1.119 of blessed memory, the darling of England; a Princess endow'd with he∣roick Vertues, Wisdom, and a greatness of Mind, much beyond her Sex, and incomparably skill'd both in Things and Languages. Here she lyes bury'd in a stately Monument erected for her out of a pious veneration by King James. But alas how inconside∣rable is that Monument, in comparison of the noble qualities of so great a Lady! She her self is her own Monument, and a more magnificent and sumptuous one too than any other. For let those noble actions recommend her to the praise and admiration of Po∣sterity; RELIGION REFORM'D, PEACE E∣STABLISHT, MONEY REDUC'T TO ITS TRUE VALUE, A MOST COMPLEAT FLEET BUILT, NAVAL GLORY RESTOR'D, RE∣BELLION SUPPRESS'D, ENGLAND FOR

XLIIII. YEARS TOGETHER MOST PRU∣DENTLY GOVERN'D, ENRICHT, AND STRENGTHEN'D, SCOTLAND FREED FROM THE FRENCH, FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV'D, THE NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED, SPAIN AW'D, IRELAND QUIETED, AND THE WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAIL'D ROUND.

The Dukes and Lords [that have been bury'd here] are Edmund Earl of Lancaster, younger son to King Hen. 3. Avelina de Fortibus, Countess of Albemarle, his wife; William and Audomar de Valentia, of the family of Lusignia, Earls of Pembroke; Alphonse, John, and other Children of K. Edward 1.; John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall, son of K. Edward 2.; Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester, youngest son of Edw. 3. with others of his children; Eleanor daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun, Earl of Here∣ford and Essex, wife to Thomas de Woodstock; the young daughters of Edw. 4. and Hen. 7.; Henry, young son of Hen. 8. who dy'd at 2 months old; Sophia, daughter of K. James 1. who dy'd‖ 1.120 almost assoon as born; Philippa, Dutchess of York; Lewis, Viscount Robsert of Hanault, in right of his wife, Lord Bourchier; Anne, the young daughter and heir of John Moubray D. of Norfolk, betroth'd to Rich. D. of York, younger son to K. Edw. 4.46 1.121 Giles Daubeney, Lord Chamberlain to K. Hen. 7. and his wife of the fami∣ly of the Arundels in Cornwall; Viscount Welles; Frances Brandon Dutchess of Suffolk; Mary her daugh∣ter; Margaret Douglas Countess of Lenox, grand-mother to James K. of Great Britain, with Charles her son; Winefrid Bruges Marchioness of Winchester; Anne Stanhop Dutchess of Somerset, and Jane her daughter; Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford, daughter of Baron Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England, with her mother Mildred Burghley; Elizabeth Berkley Countess of Ormond; Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex;47 1.122 Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles, son and heir of the Earl of Ormond.

Besides, Humfrey Bourchier Lord Cromwell; another48 1.123 Humfrey Bourchier, son and heir of the Lord Ber∣ners, both slain in Barnet-fight.49 1.124 Nicholas Baron Ca∣rew; the Baroness of Powis; Thomas Baron Went∣worth; Thomas Baron Wharton; John Lord Russel; Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellour of England; Dou∣glasia50 1.125 Howard daughter and heir of Viscount Bin∣don, wife of51 1.126 Arthur Gorge; Elizabeth daughter and heir of Edward Earl of Rutland, wife of William Cecil;52 1.127 John Puckering, Keeper of the Great Seal of England; Frances Howard Countess of Hertford; Henry and George Cary, father and son, Barons of Hunsdon, and Lord Chamberlains to Q. Elizabeth; the heart of Anne Sophia (the young daughter of Christopher Harley, Count de Beaumont, Embassador in England from the French King) put in a golden little Urn upon a Pyramid;53 1.128 Charles Earl of Devon∣shire, Lord Deputy of Ireland; and Geoffrey Chaucer, who being Prince of the English Poets, ought not to be pass'd by; as neither Edmund Spencer, who of all the English Poets came nearest him in a happy geni∣us, and a rich vein of Poetry. There are also several others, both Clergy, and Gentlemen of quality [r].

Hard by, there was another College54 1.129 of 12 Ca∣nons, dedicated to S. Stephen; which King Edw. 3. rais'd to such a royal magnificence, and endow'd with such large possessions after he had carry'd his victories thro' France; that he seems rather to have been Founder, than only the Repairer; devoutly considering (as the Foundation-Charter has it) the great benefits of Christ, whereby, out of his rich mercy, we have been pre∣vented upon all occasions, delivering us, altho' unworthy of it from divers perils; and by the right hand of his power mightily defending us, and giving us the victory in all the assaults of our enemies: as also, comforting us with unexpected remedies in the other tribulations and difficulties we have labour'd under. Near this was a Palace, the ancient habitation of the Kings of England from the time of S. Edward the Confessor; which in the reign of K. Hen. 8. was burnt down by a casual fire. This Palace was really large and magnificent,* 1.130 a build∣ing not to be equall'd in that age, having a* 1.131 vawmure, and bulwarks. For the remains of this, are the Cham∣ber wherein the King, the Nobility, and great Mi∣nisters of State, meet in Parliament; and that next to it, wherein our Forefathers us'd to begin their Par∣liaments, call'd the painted Chamber of S. Edward55 1.132.

How bloody, black, hainous, and horrible, how odious to God and man that act was, whereby cer∣tain brutes in the shape of men, under that Arch∣traitor Fr. Catesby (by undermining,* 1.133 and placing a vast quantity of gun-powder under those buildings) lately contriv'd the destruction of their Prince, Country, and all the Estates of the Kingdom, out of a specious pretence of Religion; my very heart quakes to con∣sider: and I cannot reflect, without the greatest hor∣rour and astonishment, into what an inevitable dark∣ness and lamentable ruin they would have thrown this most flourishing Kingdom, in a moment. But what an old Poet said in a matter of less concern, we may mournfully apply to our case:

Excidat illa dies aevo, ne postera credant Secula, nos certè taceamus, & obruta multa Nocte tegi propriae patiamur crimina gentis. May that black day 'scape the record of fate, And after-ages never know 't has been, Or us at least, let us the time forget, And hide in endless night our guilty nation's sin.

Near these is the White-hall, wherein is at this day the Court of Requests. Below which, is that Hall larger than any of the rest,* 1.134 the Praetorium and Hall of Justice for all England [s]. In this there are held Courts of Justice, namely, King's-Bench, Common-Pleas, Chancery; and in places round it, The Star-Chamber, the Exchequer, Court of Wards, Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster, &c. In these are heard Causes, at the set seasons or Terms of the year; whereas before the reign of Hen. 3. the General Court of Justice was moveable, and always follow'd the King's Court.* 1.135 But he, in his Magna Charta made a law in these words: The Common-Pleas shall not follow our Court, but be held in some one certain place. Tho' there are some who understand only by this, that the Common-Pleas should from that time forward be held in a distinct Court, and not in the Kings-bench, as formerly. The* 1.136 Hall which we now have, was built by K. Rich. 2. as we learn from his Arms in the stone-work, and the† 1.137 beams; which (having pull'd down that more ancient Hall built in the place by William Rufus) he made his own habitation. For then the Kings us'd to hear causes themselves, as being the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Judges;* 1.138 whose mouth (as the Royal Pen-man has it) shall not err in judgment. But this Palace being burn'd down in the year 1512. lay desolate; and a little af∣ter, Henry 8. remov'd the Royal Seat to a neighbour∣ing house that not long since was Cardinal Wolsey's; which they now call White-hall. This is a truly Royal Palace, enclos'd on one side with a Park, reaching to another house of the King's,56 1.139 built by K. Henry 8. and call'd S. James's57 1.140; on the other with the Thames. A certain Poet, from it's Whiteness, has term'd it Leucaeum.

— Regale subintrant Leucaeum Reges (dederant memorabile quondam Atria, quae niveo candebant marmore, nomen) Quod Tamisis prima est cui gloria pascere cygnos Ledaeos, rauco pronus subterluit aestu.

To the Leuceum now the Princes came, Which to it's own white marble owes it's name. Here Thames, whose silver swans are all his pride, Runs roaring by with an impetuous tide.

Hard by, near the Mues,* 1.141 (so call'd because 'twas formerly a place for keeping of Hawks, but is now a beautiful stable for the King's horses,) there stands a monument which King Edw. 1. erected in memo∣ry of Queen Eleanor,* 1.142 the dearest husband to the most loving wife,* 1.143 whose tender affection will stand upon

record to all posterity. She was daughter to Fer∣dinand 3. King of Castile; and marry'd to Edward 1. King of England, with whom she went into the Holy Land. When her husband was treacherously wounded by a Moor with a poyson'd sword, and rather grew worse than receiv'd any ease by what the Physicians apply'd to it,* 1.144 she found out a remedy, as new and unheard of, as full of love and endearment. For by reason of the malignity of the poyson, her husband's wounds could not possibly be clos'd: but she lick'd them dayly with her own tongue, and suck'd out the venomous humour, thinking it a most delicious liquor. By the power whereof, or rather by the virtue of a wife's tenderness, she so drew out the poysonous matter, that he was entirely cur'd of his wound, and she escap'd without catching any harm. What then can be more rare than this woman's expression of love? or what can be more admirable? The tongue of a wife, anointed (if I may so say) with duty and love to her husband, draws from her beloved those poysons which could not be drawn by the most approv'd Physician; and what many and most exquisite medicines could not do, is effected purely by the love of a wife.

And thus much of Westminster, which tho', as I observ'd, is a City of it self, and of a distinct Jurisdi∣ction, I have taken in along with London, because it is so joyn'd to it by continu'd buildings, that it seems to be but one and the same City.

* 1.145On the west-side of the City, the Suburbs runs out with another row of beautiful buildings, namely Holborn, or rather Oldburn58 1.146; wherein are some Inns for the study of the Common Law, and a house of the Bishops of Ely, becoming the State of a Bishop; which they owe to John Hotham Bishop of that See under Edward 3. The Suburbs grew likewise on the north-side; where Jordan Brisset, a pious and wealthy man, built an House for the Knights Hospitalers of S. John* 1.147 of Jerusalem, that was afterwards improv'd in¦to the stateliness of a Palace, and had a very beauti¦ful Church with a high tower so neatly carry'd up, that while it stood, 'twas a singular ornament to the City. At their first Institution59 1.148, they were so hum∣ble while but poor, that their † Governour was call'd Servant to the poor Servants of the Hospital at Jerusalem; as that of the Templers,* 1.149 who arose a little afte•• The humble Minister of the poor Knights of the Temple60 1.150. But what for their piety, and bravery in war, their condition came to be so much alter'd from this mean state, by the bounty of good Princes and private per∣sons, that they even abounded in every thing. For about the year 1240. they had nineteen thousand Lordships or Manours within Christendom; as the Templers had nine thousand (whose revenues here in England fell also afterwards to the Hospitalers.* 1.151 And this vast increase of revenues made them so effectual a passage to great honours, that their Prior was reck∣on'd the first Baron of England, and liv'd in great state and plenty, till King Henry 8. by the instigati∣on of bad Counsellors, seis'd upon all their lands; as he did also upon those belonging to the Monaste∣ries: which out of a pious design were dedicated to God's glory, and by the Canons of the Church were to be expended upon the maintenance of Priests, re∣lief of the poor, redemption of Captives, and the re∣pair of Churches. Near this place, where there is now a stately circuit of houses, was formerly a rich House of the Carthusians,* 1.152 built by61 1.153 Walter Many of Hainault, who got great honour by his service in the French War under Edward 3. And before that there was a very famous Church-yard, which in that plague of London in the year 1349. had above fifty thousand men bury'd in it; as appear'd by an Inscri∣ption in brass, whereby it was convey'd to poste∣rity [t].

The Suburbs also which runs out on the north-west side of London, is large, and had formerly a watch-tower or military‖ 1.154 fence, from whence it came to be call'd by an Arabick name, Barbacan.* 1.155 By the gift of Edw. 3. it became a seat of the Uffords;* 1.156 from whom by the Willoughbies it descended to62 1.157 Peregrine Bertie Lord Willoughby of Eresby, a person every way of a generous temper, and a true martial courage. Nor are the Suburbs that shoot forth towards the north-east, and east, less considerable; in the fields whereof, whilst I am upon this work, there are digg'd up many sepulchral Vessels, Seals, and Urns, with Coins in them of Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, &c. Glass Vials also, with small earthen vessels, wherein was a sort of liquid Substance, which I should imagine to be either an oblation of wine and milk (us'd by the Romans at the burning of their dead) or those odori∣ferous Liquors mention'd by Statius,

— Phariique liquores Arsuram lavêre comam.

And precious odours sprinkled on his hair, Prepar'd it for the flames.

This was a place set apart by the Romans for burn∣ing and burying their dead; being oblig'd by the Twelve Tables to carry them without the Cities, and to bury them by the military high-ways63 1.158. And thus much of the land-side of the City [u].

But upon the river-side, and the south part of it,* 1.159 that large Borough of Southwark before-mention'd, is joyn'd to the city with a bridge; first built on wooden piles, where formerly instead of a bridge they pass'd the water in a ferry. Afterwards,* 1.160 in the reign of K. John, they built a new one of free-stone, and admi∣rable workmanship, with 19 Arches, beside that which makes the* 1.161 Draw-bridge; and so continu'd it all along like a street with most handsome build∣ings, that it may claim a preheminence over all the bridges in Europe, whether you look upon the large∣ness or beauty.

In this Borough of Southwark, the things that have been remarkable, are, a noble Abbey for Monks of the Benedictine Order, call'd Bermondsey, erected for∣merly to our Saviour by Aldwin▪ Child,* 1.162 Citizen of London; and a stately house built by Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk,* 1.163 which was pull'd down again after it had been for a little time the delight of its Master. There still remains the Hospital of S. Thomas,* 1.164 repair'd or rather founded by the City of London, for the lame and infirm; and the Church of the Priory of St. Mary, (which because it is seated over the Thames, is with respect to the City of London call'da 1.165 S. Mary Over-Rhe,) founded for64 1.166 Canons by William Ponte del Arche a Norman; as also the house of the Bishops of Winchester, built by William Gifford Bi∣shop, about the year 1107. for the use of his succes∣sors. From this along the Thames-side, there runs westward a continu'd line of houses, in which com∣pass, within the memory of our fathers, there were Publick Stews, call'd by the Latins Lupanaria, (where∣in Whores prostituted and set to sale their modesty,) because they, like rapacious She-wolves, hale misera∣ble silly people into their dens. But these were pro∣hibited by King Hen. 8. at a time when England was at the height of Lust and Luxury; tho' in foreign na∣tions they are still continu'd for gain, under the spe∣cious pretence of making allowance to humane infir∣mity, But I do not believe that they call'd this place in our language The Stews,* 1.167 from these Bawdy houses, but from the fish-ponds here for the fatting of‖ 1.168 Pikes and Tench, and scowring off their muddy fennish taste. Here I have seen the bellies of Pikes open'd with a knife to shew their fatness, and the gaping wounds presently clos'd by the touch of Tenches, and by their glutinous slime perfectly heal'd up. Among these buildings, there is a place for Bull-bating and Bear-bating, with certain several Kennels

of Band-dogs,* 1.169 which are so strong and bite so close, that three of them are able to manage a Bear, and four a Lion. So that what the Poet said formerly of our Dogs, That they could break the necks of Bulls, is ve∣ry true; as is also what another observ'd, That they are more fierce and eager than the Arcadian ones, sup∣pos'd to be engender'd of Lions [w].

At what time this Borough was joyn'd to London by a bridge, the City was not only enlarg'd, but also modell'd into an excellent form of Government; the Citizens being distributed into* 1.170 Bodies or Colleges. The City it self was divided into 26 Wards,* 1.171 and the management of all publick concerns put in the hands of as many ancient Men,* 1.172 (call'd in our language from their age, Aldermen; in Latin, Senatores,) each of whom had the government of one Ward. And where∣as formerly they had for their chief Magistrate a Port-reve, i.e. a† 1.173 Governour of the City, King Richard ordain'd two Bailiffs; instead of which King John granted them the privilege of choosing a Mayor* 1.174 yearly out of their twelve principal Com∣panies, and of nominating two Vice-Comites or She∣riffs, the one call'd the King's, and the other the City-Sheriff.

After this new Government was establisht, 'tis in∣credible how it grew in publick and private Build∣ings, and is still growing (the rest of the Cities in England rather decaying.) For to pass by the Senate-house, [ 1411] call'd Guild-hall, built with great beauty by65 1.175 Tho. Knowles, [ 1445] Mayor; and Leaden hall, a large and curious piece of work, built by Simon Eire, for a com∣mon Garner to beat down the price of Corn in times of dearth. That circuit of Pillars also (or the middle Ja∣nus,* 1.176) which the Common-people call the Burse, but Queen Elizabeth nam'd the Royal Exchange,* 1.177 built by Sir Thomas Gresham Knight, for the use of Merchants and the ornament of the City. A magnificent thing it is, whether you consider the Structure it self, the resort of Merchants from all Nations, or the variety of Commodities. The same person, being a great admirer of Learning, consecrated a spacious house that he had in the City to the improvement of good Letters,* 1.178 and settled gentele Salaries upon six Profes∣sors, of Divinity, Law, Physick, Astronomy, Geometry, and Musick; that London might not only be, as it were, a shop of all kind of wares, but a treasury also of Arts and Sciences. To pass by also the house of the Hanse-Company66 1.179; the conveyance of water into all parts of the City by pipes under ground, and neat Castles for the reception of it; together with the new Aquiduct, lately contriv'd by Peter Maurice, a Ger∣man of great ingenuity and industry, and by the help of a wheel with little pipes plac'd at a certain level, brings water out of the Thames to a great part of the City. Besides these, I say, it is in all parts so beautified with Churches and Religious houses, that one would think Religion and Piety had made choice of it for their residence. For it has in it 121 Churches, more than Rome67 1.180 her self can show; besides† 1.181 Hospitals: and particularly in that Nursery of young boys, call'd Christ-Church; it maintains about 600 Orphans [x]; and 1240 poor people that live upon Alms, &c. It would be too tedious to insist particularly upon the excellency of its Laws and Constitutions, the dig∣nity of its Governours, loyalty and obedience to their Prince, the courteousness of the Citizens, the splendour of its buildings, the many choice and ex∣cellent Wits it produces; the pleasure of it's gardens in the Suburbs, admirably stockt with foreign Herbs; its numerous and well appointed fleet; that incredi∣ble treasure of all sorts of Commodities, (particu∣larly it furnishes Antwerp yearly with two hundred thousand† 1.182 woollen Cloaths, besides what it sends to other places;) and the great plenty of whatever ei∣ther the necessity or convenience of humane life re∣quires.68 1.183 So what H. Junius says in his Philippeis is ve∣ry true:

—Tectis opibúsque refertum Lodinum, & si fas, numeroso cive superbum, Larga ubi foecundo rerum undat copia cornu.

London, where circling riches still return, Where num'rous tribes the stately piles adorn, And willing plenty shakes her fruitful horn.

And J. Scaliger in his Book of Cities:

Urbs animis numeróque potens, & robore gentis.

For number, strength and courage of her men Great London's fam'd.—

Another also hammer'd out these verses concerning London, if you vouchsafe to read them:* 1.184

Londinum gemino procurrit littore longè Aemula maternae tollens sua lumina Troiae, Clementer surgente jugo dum tendit in ortum. Urbs peramaena situ, coelóque solóque beata. Urbs pietate potens, numeroso cive superba, Urbsque Britannorum quae digna Britannia dici. Haec nova doctrinis Lutetia, mercibus Ormus, Altera Roma viris, Crysaea secunda metallis.

Stretch'd on a rising hill betwixt the strands, London, her mother Troy's great rival stands. Where heaven and earth their choicest gifts bestow, And tides of men the spatious streets o'reflow. London! the mighty image of our Isle, That we Great Britain of it self may stile. Where Chryse, Paris, Rome, and Ormus yield, In metals, learning, people, wealth excell'd.

Henry of Huntingdon also in the time of King Stephen ⁶⁹, writes thus in commendation of Lon∣don:

Ibis & in nostros dives Londonia versus, Quae nos immemores non sinis esse tui. Quando tuas arces, tua moenia mente retracto, Quae vidi, videor cuncta videre mihi. Fama loquax & nata loqui, moritura silendo, Laudibus erubuit fingere falsa tuis.

And thou, rich London, shalt my verse adorn, Thou in my joyful mind art ever born. When e're thy lofty towers, thy stately wall, And all thy glories my glad thoughts recall, My ravish'd soul still swells with full delight, And still my absent eyes admire the grateful sight. Fame, that's all tongue, and would, if silent, dye, Of thee her greatest theme nor dares nor needs to lye.

And another in a Poëtical vein penn'd this:

Haec Urbs illa potens, cui tres tria dona ministrant Bacchus, Apollo, Ceres, pocula, carmen, ador. Haec Urbs illa potens, quam Juno, Minerva, Diana Mercibus, arce, feris, ditat, adornat, alit.

A place where Ceres, Phoebus, Bacchus joyn Their three great gifts, Corn, Poetry, and Wine. Which Pallas, Juno, and chast hunting Maid, With buildings, goods, and beasts, adorn, enrich, and feed.

But my friend the famous John Jonston of Aberdeen, Professor of Divinity in the Royal University of St. Andrew's, has manag'd the subject more soberly:

Urbs Augusta, cui coelúmque, solúmque, salúmque, Cuique favent cunctis cuncta elementa bonis. Mitius haud usquàm coelum est, uberrima Tellus Fundit inexhausti germina laeta soli. Et pater Oceanus Tamisino gurgite mistus, Convehit immensas totius orbis opes. Regali cultu sedes clarissima Regum, Gentis praesidium, cor, anima, atque oculus. Gens antiqua, potens virtute & robore belli, Artium & omnigenûm nobilitata opibus. Singula contemplare animo, attentúsque tuere, Aut Orbem aut Orbis dixeris esse caput.

Renown'd Augusta, that sea, earth, and sky, And all the various elements supply: No peaceful climate breaths a softer air, No fertile grounds with happier plenty bear.

Old Ocean, with great Thames his eldest son, Makes all the riches of the world her own. The ever famous seat of Britain's Prince, The nation's eye, heart, spirit and defence. The men for ancient valour ever known, Nor arts and riches gain them less renown.

In short, when all her glories are survey'd, It must with wonder still at last be said, She makes a world her self, or is the world's great head.

But these matters, with others of this kind, are handl'd more at large, and with more accuracy by John Stow, a Citizen of London and a famous Chro∣nicler, in his Survey of London but lately publisht. And so I will take leave of my dear native place, af∣ter I have observ'd that the Latitude of it is 51 De∣grees, 34 Minutesb 1.185; and the Longitude 23 Degrees, and 25 Minutes: that* 1.186 Fidicula, of the nature of Venus and Mercury, is the Topick Star, which glances upon the Horizon, but never sets; and that the Dra∣gon's-head is lookt upon by Astrologers as the Verti∣cal.

* 1.187The Thames leaving London, waters Redcliff, a neat little Town, inhabited by Sea-men; and so call'd from the red cliff. Next, after it has took a great winding, it receives the river Lea, the Eastern bound of this County69 1.188, which yet has nothing situate up∣on it belonging to this shire, that's worth our notice. For Aedelmton,* 1.189 has nothing remarkable but the name, deriv'd from nobility: nor Waltham, but a Cross built by King Edward the first for the funeral pomp of Queen Eleanor, from which it has [part of] the name. Only there is Enfield,* 1.190 a Royal seat, built by Thomas Lovel (Knight of the Garter, and Privy-Councellor to King Henry the seventh70 1.191) as one may infer from the Arms. Near which is a place cloath'd with green trees, and famous for Dee••-hunting, Enfield-chace; formerly the possession of the Magnavils Earls of Es∣sex, then of the Bohuns their Successors, but now be∣longs to the Dutchy of Lancaster, ever since Henry the fourth, King of England, marry'd a Daughter and Co-heir of the last Humfrey Bohun. And almost in the middle of this Chace, there are still the ruins and rubbish of an ancient house, which the common people from tradition affirm to have belong'd to the Magnavils Earls of Essex71 1.192.

Towards the north bounds of Middlesex, a Military way of the Romans, commonly call'd Watlingstreet, enters this County; coming straight along from the old Verulam through Hamsted-heath (from which one has a curious prospect of a most beautiful City, and a most pleasant Country.) Then, not where the Road lies now through Highgate, for that (as is before ob∣serv'd) was open'd only obout 300 years ago by permission of the Bishop of London: but that more ancient one (as appears by the old Charters of Ed∣ward the Confessor) pass'd along near Edgeworth,* 1.193 a place of no great antiquity; so on to Hendon,* 1.194 which Archbishop Dunstan (a man born for promoting the interest of Monkery) purchas'd for a few Bizantine pieces of gold, and gave to the Monks of St. Peter's in Westminster. These Bizantini aurei were Imperial money coyn'd at Bizantium or Constantinople by the Grecian Emperors; but what the value of it was, I know not. There was also a sort of silver-money call'd simply Bizantii and Bizantini,* 1.195 which (as I have observ'd here and there in ancient Records) were valu'd at two shillings. But leaving those matters to the search of others, I will go forward on the Journey I have begun.

In this County, without the City, there are about 73 Parishes; within the City, Liberties and Suburbs,c 1.196 221.

ADDITIONS to MIDDLESEX.

THE Extent of this County being very small, and our Author (a native of it) having al∣ready been very nice and copious in its description; the Reader must not expect any great advance, either in the corrections or addi∣tions to it.

[a] The first place that admits of further remarks, is Uxbridge,* 1.197 made more famous since our Au∣thor's days, by a treaty there held Jan. 30. 1644. temp. Car. 1. between the King and Parliament then sitting at Westminster. Of which we have a full rela∣tion given us by Sir William Dugdale in his View of the late Troubles, printed at Oxon 1681. to which I refer the Reader for a more particular account.

[b] After Uxbridge, Stanes* 1.198 is the next Market-Town that offers it self to our consideration, which though some would have so named from a Roman Milliarium here placed; yet I rather inclined to agree with our Author in his conjecture. For Stanes doth not lye upon the Roman way betwixt London and Pon¦tes, or any other of that kind; upon which the Mil∣liaria or mile-stones were only set. An Army of Danes in the year 1009. after they had burnt Oxford, returning on the Thames side, and hearing that an Army from London was coming against them, past the River at this Town as the Saxon Chronicle tells us;* 1.199 and so went into Kent, to repair their Ships.

[c] Below Lalam, where Caesar crossed the Thames, within view of the River, stands Harrow* 1.200 on the hill, being the highest ground in this whole County, and therefore made choice of by William Bolton the last Prior of great St. Bartholomew's in Smithfield, to build him a house on, to preserve him from a Deluge which was prognosticated from certain E∣clipses in watery signs, and was to happen in the year 1524. With this not only the vulgar, but also learned men were so unreasonably infatuated, that they victuall'd themselves (as both Hall and* 1.201 Speed confidently report) and went to high grounds for fear of being drown'd. Amongst whom was this Prior, who not only provided himself with a house here at Harrow, but carried all sorts of provisions with him thither, to serve him for the space of two months. Mr.† 1.202 Stow I acknowledge would have all this to be a fable, and that Prior Bolton being also Parson of Harrow, did only repair his Parsonage-house, and build a Dove coat to serve him with that sort of fowl, after he was spoiled of his Priory: but the date of this Deluge, and the dissolution of the Priory (which was not till Anno 1539. 30 Hen. 8.) not well agree∣ing, I know not what to say to it, but leave it to the Reader's decision.

[d] As for the Royal Palace of Hampton Court,* 1.203 in∣viron'd, both House and Parks, on three sides with the River Thames, and consequently enjoying as pleasant a situation, as the prudence of its first founder Car∣dinal Wolsey could select for it; it was indeed (as our Author says) a piece of work of great magnificence for the age it was built in: but the additions made to it by their present Majesties, do so far excel what it was before, that they evidently shew what vast ad∣vancements Architecture has receiv'd since that time. The gardens also are improv'd to a wonderful degree, not only in the walks both open and close, and the

great variety of Topiary-works; but with Green-houses too, having stoves under them, so artificially contriv'd, that all foreign plants are there preserved in gradual heats, suitable to the Climes of their re∣spective Countries, whereof they are natives. In short, the whole seems to be design'd with so much magnificence, that when it is finisht, the noblest Pa∣laces must fall short of it.

[e] Somewhat lower upon the river lyes the town of Brentford,* 1.204 where the Thames was anciently so ea∣sily forded, and is so still (I mean at old Brentford, there being now at low ebb not above three foot water) that (beside the instance mention'd by our Author,)* 1.205 King Edmund past the Thames again at the same place, and went thence into Kent after the E∣nemy, where he prevail'd so against them, that he drove them into Shepey.* 1.206 Since which time I do not find any thing of moment that ever happen'd here till 1642. when King Charles 1. (coming after his victory at Edghill with his forces from Oxford towards London) with the loss but of ten men, beat two of the best Regiments of the Parliament-forces out of this town, kill'd their Commander in chief, took 500 Prisoners, as many Arms, eleven Colours, fifteen pieces of Canon, and then marcht to Oatlands, Reading, and so back again to Oxford. In which acti∣on the right honourable Patric Ruthen Earl of Forth in Scotland, performing the part of an expert and valiant Commander, was first made General of the King's Army; and in further consideration of his eminent services, by Letters Patents bearing date at Oxford, May 27. 20 Car. 1. advanced to the dignity of an Earl, by the title of Earl of Brentford in this County; upon account (no doubt) of that parti∣cular service he did here.

Near the Roman high-way which passes through this town and so over Hounslow-heath toward Pontes, lyes the village of Arlington,* 1.207 aliàs Harlington, which having been the ancient seat of the Bennets, and par∣ticularly of Sir Henry Bennet, principal Secretary of State, and one of the Privy Council to King Charles the second; when his Majesty thought fit to set a mark of Honour on him, for the many signal servi∣ces he had done the Crown, in the Court, the Camp, and in foreign Embassies, this place was thought of, as most proper for his title, whereof he was first created Baron, afterwards Earl, and quickly after made Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, and in Sept. 1674. Lord Chamberlain of the House-hold.

[f] Below Brentford, on the other side of the ri∣ver, lyes Fulham,* 1.208 in Saxon, Fullan-hamme, and Ful∣lan homme, remarkable not only for the Bishop of London's house there, but (as the Saxon Chronicle and that of Mailros both tell us) for an Army of the Danes wintering there An. Dom. 879. whence they decampt the same year, and went into Flanders, then call'd Fronc-land, and encampt themselves at Gaunt, where they remain'd another year.

[g] And below that Chelsey,* 1.209 where a College was once design'd for Students in Divinity, and others, who were to make it their whole business to oppose the Church of Rome; as appears by an Act of Parliament 7 Jac. 1. and a Declaration set forth by the same King An. 1616. specifying what mov'd the King and State to found this College, and why here rather than at either of the Universities; for account whereof I refer the Rea∣der to Mr.* 1.210 Stow's Survey. For the furtherance whereof the King sent his Letters to the Archbishop of Canterbury, to move all the Bishops and whole Clergy of his Province, to put to their helping hands; which though actually done, and in a time of deep peace, and† 1.211 though eagerly sollicited by Dr. Sutcliff Dean of Exeter, the first design'd Provost, and our Author Mr. Camden, who was one of the Fellows of it; yet the building it self (not to mention the want of endowments) could never be further advanced than the outward shell of a College.

In which condition it stood till the Restoration of King Charles the second; who quickly after, erecting another Royal Society at London for promoting natu∣ral knowledge, gave it to them: but they never at∣tempting any thing toward finishing or using it, con∣veyed it back to the same King, to build an Ho∣spital in the place of it, for the maintenance of wound∣ed and superannuated Soldiers; which being begun by him, was carried on by his Successor King James the second, and is finisht and furnisht with all sorts of Necessaries and Conveniencies by their present Majesties. 'Tis indeed a Structure well suiting the munificence of its Royal Founders; being more no∣bly accommodated with all sorts of Offices, and adorned with more spatious walks and gardens, per∣haps than any Nobleman's house or College in the Kingdom.

[h] Hence our Author brings us to London,* 1.212 the capital city of England, where he first give us an account of it's various names, and etymologies of them; to which I shall only add,* 1.213 that it was also call'd by the Saxons Lundone, Lundune, and Lun∣denburh; and has another etymology given us of it's Latin name by the judicious Mr. Somner,† 1.214 who derives it from the British Llawn, plenus, frequens, and dyn, homo; or din (the same with dinas) urbs, civitas; either of which joyned wit Llawn, will signifie a populous place, as London has always been.

[i] As to the original of the City, tho' we have no certain account,* 1.215 it not being clear that there was any such place in Caesar's time, and yet a great town of trade in Nero's, as Tacitus witnesses; doubtless it must be founded within that little compass of time be∣tween those Emperours; and in all probability (as the learned‖ 1.216 Bishop of Worcester thinks) about the time of Claudius, and inhabited by the Romans and Britains together, being a trading, tho' not a mili∣tary Colony (as Camulodunum was) from the very beginning. But it flourish'd not long; for in the ve∣ry next reign of the Emperour Nero, upon that grand revolt of the Iceni and Trinobantes under Boodicia, his Lieutenant Suetonius Paulinus judging it not tenible, and taking away from it to his aid the choicest of the Citizens, it was quickly sack'd by the Britains, and the remaining inhabitants barbarously massacred, without any regard to sex or age.

So that I cannot so fully agree with our Author, when he asserts that this has been a City vix un∣quam magnis calamitatibus conflictata,* 1.217 that scarce ever engag'd any great calamity. For not only in it's infancy, but when grown to a greater bulk, in the year 839. in the reign of King Ethelwolf, it was sur∣prized by the Danes, and the Citizens inhumanly butcher'd. Quickly after, in the year 851. it was again sack'd by the Danes, the army of Beorht∣wulf King of Mercia, who came to it's defence, be∣ing totally routed. Again in the year 872. in the days of King Ethelred, the Danes took it, and win∣ter'd in it. And so again An. 1013. after a great fight with Swane King of Denmark who besieg'd it, the Citizens were at last forc'd to admit him and his army to winter in it, and to pay him such tribute as he demanded. Lastly, in the year 1016. it was twice besieg'd, and so much streighten'd by Canutus, that they were necessitated in fine to receive him into the city, give him winter quarters, and to buy their peace with a sum of money* 1.218. Not to mention the grievous insults that were made upon it of later years by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, temp. Rich. 2. An. 1381. of Jack Cade (otherwise call'd by his followers John Mend-all) An. 1450. temp. Hen. 6. and the bastard Fal∣conbridge, temp. Edw. 4. An. 1481.

Nor has it suffer'd only by the sword; it being much wasted by fire, as‖ 1.219 Ranulph Higden tells us, An. 983. And in the year 1077, in the days of William the Conquerour, it was also consumed by so great a fire, as had not happen'd to it (as the Saxon Chro∣nicle expresses it) since it's foundation.† 1.220 Quickly after again, in the same King's reign, An. 1086. the Church of S. Paul was quite burnt down, with the greatest and most splendid part of the City.‖ 1.221 Again in the year 1135. the first of King Stephen, by a fire which began in Cannon-street near London-stone, the City was consumed from thence to the Eastward as far as Aldgate; to S. Paul's Church Westward; and to the South as far as Southwark; the bridge (then of timber) being quite burnt down. It was after∣wards rebuilt of stone, and houses set upon it, but

within four years after it was finish'd (An. 1212.) upon occasion of a fire in Southwark, (whilst a mul∣titude of people were passing the bridge, either to extinguish, or to gaze at it,) on a sudden the houses on the North end of the bridge, by a strong South wind, were set on fire. So that the people throng∣ing betwixt two fires, could now expect no help but from the vessels in the river, which came in great numbers to their assistance; but the multitude so un∣advisedly rush'd into them, that they were quickly overset, and the people drown'd; and betwixt fire and water, there perish'd above 3000 persons† 1.222. Also Feb. 13. An. 1033. a third part at least of the same bridge was again burnt down* 1.223.

* 1.224But the most dreadful fire that ever befell this great City, was that which happen'd within our own memory, viz. on Sunday Sept. 2. An. 1666. which beginning in Pudding-lane, in three days time (being driven by a fresh easterly wind) consumed no less than 89 Churches, the Guild-hall, Hospitals, Schools and Libraries, 15 entire Wards of the 26, leaving 8 of the rest half burnt and miserably shat∣ter'd. In this compass were 400 streets, and in them 13200 houses, which cover'd no less than 436 acres of ground. It destroying all on the Thames-side, from that of Allhallows Barkin to the Temple Church, and all along from the North-east walls of the City to Holburn-bridge: and when all artificial helps fail'd, it languish'd and went out of it self, tho' amongst as combustible buildings as any it had burnt before. In memory whereof, near the place where the fire be∣gan, is erected a magnificent Pillar (somewhat re∣sembling, except the Imagery, those of Trajan and Antonine at Rome) of 202 foot high, which equals exactly the distance of the Pillar from the place where the fire first began.

[k] In which Conflagration, the magnificent Church of St. Pauls* 1.225 did not escape; the foundation whereof was laid so very large, that (as our Author notes) tho' the whole revenues of the Bishoprick for 20 years together were given toward it by Richard Beaumes, successor to Mauricius the first founder; yet they seemed so little to advance the work, that his successors, and all others, despaired of its ever being finish'd, at least by private hands. Where∣fore, they were forced to apply themselves to the bounty of all good people throughout the Realms both of England and Ireland, as appears by the hor∣tatory Letters of several Bishops of both nations, to the Clergy under their charge, for recommendation of the business to their particular Congregations. By which Letters there were Indulgences granted for re∣lease of Penance enjoined, extending to certain num∣bers of days, to all such as being truly penitent, should afford their assistance toward this great work; which Indulgences were not only granted to the Contribu∣tors toward it, but also to the Sollicitors for Contri∣butions, and to the very Mechanicks who laboured in it* 1.226.

By this means, in the space of about 72 years, viz. An. 1312. it seems to have been finish'd, being paved that year with good firm marble which cost 5 d. per foot. An exact measure was then also taken of it, which being written in a Tablet in large Characters, heretofore hung on the north part of the Quire, from whence our Author seems to have taken the dimensi∣ons; for he differs in nothing from what was exprest in the Table, but in the height of the steeple. Tho' the height of the tower indeed from the level of the ground was 260 foot, and the height of the spire above it 274, as he says; yet the whole, viz. both of tower and spire, did not exceed 520 foot, as is testify'd by the Tablet, (whereof there is a MS. Co∣py in the publick Library in Cambridge;) and this is 14 foot short of the height mention d by our Au∣thor, who makes it 534 foot high, agreeable to the two dimensions of the tower and spire added toge∣ther, which must indeed have been true, had the spire risen from the summit of the battlements: where∣as I suppose it rose (as the spires of most steeples do) much below them; the battlements here rising 14 foot above the base of the spire, which must occasi∣on the difference.

Nor is our Author only out in the height of the steeple (and length of the Church too,* 1.227 if Stow may be believed, who in the year 1599. says it was found to be 720 foot long) but defective in the dimensions of the Ball and Cross, which were also set down in the same Tablet. The Ball above the head of the spire being so very large, that it would contain in it ten bushels of corn, and the length of the Cross above the said Ball or Pommel 15 foot, and the traverse 6. In which Cross the reliques of divers Saints were put by Gilbert de Segrave then Bishop of London, to the intent that God Almighty by the glorious merits of his Saints (whose reliques were therein contained,) would vouchsafe to preserve the steeple from all dan∣ger of tempests. But how ineffectual those matters were for that purpose, after-ages shewed; for within 132 years after, viz. An. 1444. 22 Hen. 6. the shaft or Spire was fired by Lightning, which tho' happily quenched by the labour of many well disposed peo∣ple, yet did so much harm, that it was not suffici∣ently repaired till the year 1462. 2 Edw. 4. when a costly Weathercock of Copper gilt (the length whereof from head to tail was 4 foot, the breadth over the wings 3 foot and a half, of 40 pounds weight) was added to it; the Cross whereon it stood (that from the Ball upwards was 15 foot 6 inches long; and the traverse 5 foot 10 inches) being made within of firm Oak, and cover'd first with Lead, which was plated over again with Copper varnish'd red, the Ball being also of Copper gilt, in compass 9 foot and one inch, as appear'd by measure at the taking of it down for it's better repair An. 1553. 1 Mariae.* 1.228

And thus being brought once more to perfection, it stood not much above an hundred years, but a more deplorable mischance befell it again by Light∣ning, July 4. An. 1561. 3 Eliz. whereby the shaft was first set on fire about 3 yards from the top; which being wholly consumed, it next seized the roof of the Church and Iles, burning down all the rafters, and whatever else was liable to it, in 4 hours time. The repair hereof was prosecuted with that zeal and dili∣gence by the Queen, Clergy, and Layity, that in Apr. 1566. all the roofs of timber were perfectly fi∣nish'd, and cover'd with lead: only the steeple (tho' divers models were then made of it) was left imper∣fect, which continued so, notwithstanding the at∣tempts made towards it's farther reparation temp. Jac. 1. and by Archbishop Laud temp. Car. 1. till it was again wholly consumed just a hundred years after,* 1.229 in that dreadful Conflagration above-mention'd, An. 1666. In the account whereof I have been thus particular, because even what the fire it self left, is now also demolish'd to the very foundation, in order to the structure of that stupendous pile, now erecting, the charge whereof is chiefly supported by an impost on Sea-coal; which certainly is a much better fund than that of Benevolence, whereby the former Church was built. The description hereof (because not yet near perfected) I leave to posterity.

[l] As to what some conjecture,* 1.230 that the Church of S. Paul covers the same ground where there anci∣ently stood a Temple of Diana in the times of Paga∣nism, induced thereunto by the name of some adja∣cent tenements, which the Dean and Chapter in their Leases call Camera Dianae; and the Stags-head fix'd upon the point of a spear, and carry'd about the Church in solemn procession, suitably to the ancient devotions to Diana. Much rather should I have founded such an opinion upon the witty conceit of Mr. Selden, who (upon occasion of some Ox-heads, sacred also to Diana) discover'd in digging the foun∣dations of a new Chapel on the south-side of S. Pauls An. 1316. would insinuate that the name of London imported no more than Llan Dien, i.e. Templum Dia∣nae. For as for the tenements call'd Camera Dianae, they stood not so near the Church as some would have us think, but on S. Pauls-wharf-hill near Doctors Commons, and took their denomination from a spaci∣ous Building full of intricate turnings, wherein King Hen. 2. (as he did at Woodstock) kept his hearts de∣light, whom he there call'd Fair Rosamund, and here Diana. Of which winding vaults there remain'd some parts in Mr. Stow's time,* 1.231 as also of a passage

under ground from Baynard's Castle to it; which possibly might be the King's way to his Camera Dia∣nae, or secret apartment of his beautiful Mistress.

And as to the donation of a Buck annually to the Dean and Chapter on the feast of the Commemora∣tion of St. Paul, and carrying the head in procession before the Cross; it was so far from being a relique of Paganism, that it seems to have been a plain com∣position betwixt the Church and the Family of Baud, of no older date than the 3d of Edw. 1. in lieu of 22 Acres of Land, parcel of their Manour of Westley, granted to Sir William Baud, to be took into his Park at Coringham in Essex. Which being an acknowledg∣ment so naturally arising from the use of the Grant, I cannot imagine there should be any thing more in't* 1.232.

But though this do not much countenance the opinion, yet ought it not to be altogether rejected, as receiving some confirmation from the pieces of An∣tiquity dugg up hereabouts. For in making the foun∣dation of this new Fabrick, among other things they cast up the teeth of Boars and of other beasts, a piece of a Buck's horn, with several fragments of Vessels, which by the figure one would imagine to have been us'd in their Sacrifices. A great number of these (with an entire Urn, a Lamp, and other things be∣longing to the Roman Funerals, and dugg up in Goodman's-fields,) are in the hands of my ingenious Friend Henry Worsley of Lincolns-Inn, Esq

* 1.233[m] To conclude the History of St. Paul's, our Author gives us a breviat of the royal and noble per∣sons interr'd in it; to whom we must needs add Ro∣bert Braybrook Bishop of London, and sometime Lord high Chancellor of England,* 1.234 who dy'd Aug. 27. An∣no 1404. 5 Hen. 4. above 260 years before the ruin of this Church in 1666. yet upon pulling down the stone-work, and removal of the rubbish, his body was found entire, the skin still inclosing the bones and fleshy parts; only in the breast there was a hole (made I suppose by accident) through which one might either view or handle his lungs. The skin was of a deep tawny colour, and the body very light, as appear'd to all who came to view and handle it, it being expos'd in a Coffin for some time without any thing of an ill smell; and then reinterr'd. To which Mr.* 1.235 Stow gives us a parallel History in this very Ci∣ty, in the corps of one Alice Hackney, wife of Richard Hackney Sheriff of London 15 Edw. 2. An. 1321. whose body being dugg up by the Labourers in A∣pril Anno 1497. (as they were working the foundati∣ons of a Wall in the Parish Church of St. Mary-hill) was found with her skin whole, her bones all in their natural posture, and the joynts of her arms pliable; but yielding an ill smell, after it had been kept four days above ground. In which two last points, this (though equally entire) differ'd from the former: whence 'tis very evident they had in ancient times, more ways than one of preserving the dead from cor∣ruption, as well as now.

* 1.236[n] And lastly, to conclude his account of the whole City, he gives us relations out of Malmsbury and Fitz Stephen, of its excess in trade and magni∣tude at the time of the Conquest, and increase in both since; the Subu••bs in his time having extended them∣selves in one continued range of building as far as Westminster. To which let me add its further ad∣vancement in our days, which hath been so very great, that (as the ingenious† 1.237 Sir William Petty hath probably computed it, from the number of the bu∣rials and houses in each City) the City of London in Anno 1683. or thereabout, was as big as Paris and Rouen (the two best Cities of the French Monarchy) put together; and that now (above 7 parts of 15 having been new built since the great fire, and the number of inhabitants increased near one half, the total amounting to near 700000) it is become equal to Paris and Rome put together.

[o] In the Suburbs he takes notice of the most eminent buildings, and amongst them of the Rolls* 1.238 in Chancery-lane, which was founded by King Hen. 3. Anno 1233. in the 17th of his reign (in the place of a Jews house to him forfeited) for the support of con∣verted Jews, and therefore stiled Domus Conversorum; where all such Jews and Infidels converted to the Christian Faith, had sufficient maintenance allowed them, were instructed in the Doctrine of Christ, and liv d under a Christian Governour; till Anno 1290. when all the Jews were banisht out of the realm: by which means the number of Converts necessarily decaying, and the house becoming as it were depo∣pulated, it was granted to William Burstall, Custos Ro∣tulorum, by Letters Patents bearing date 51 Edw. 3. for keeping of the Rolls, which Grant was ratified in Parliament 1 Rich. 2. and by other Letters Patents 6 Rich. 2. Notwithstanding which Grant and Ra∣tifications, all converted Jews have ever since been allowed (and will be hereafter, as often as any such shall appear) one penny half penny per diem toward their maintenance: which allowance was paid to Peter Sa∣muel and John Maza, two converted Jews, Anno 1685. 2 Jac. 2. as appears by the Master of the Rolls ac∣count in the Hannaper, and a Constat out of the Pell-office, both of the date above-mention'd; who were the two last I can find that ever enjoy'd this be∣nefit* 1.239.

[p] In the Suburbs lying along the Thames-side, betwixt Temple-barr and Westminster, were many other houses as well of the spiritual as temporal No∣bility, beside those mention'd by our Author. For the Bishops of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Salisbury, Lich∣field and Coventry, Worcester, Norwich, Landaff, Carlisle, Durham, and the Archbishop of York, had all anci∣ently houses here: and so had the Dukes of Bucking∣ham, and the Earls of Exeter, Worcester and Northum∣berland; as the Dukes of Somerset and Beaufort, the Earls of Bedford, Salisbury, and Rivers, have all still houses remaining here.

[q] From the Suburbs our Author proceeds next to the Abbey-Church of Westminster,* 1.240 and the mag∣nificent Chapel of King Henry 7. which he erected in the place of the Chapel of our Lady (built be∣fore with the Church by King Henry 3.) and a Ta∣vern near adjoyning; both which being pull'd down, he laid the foundation of this, Jan. 24. 1502 fetch∣ing most of the stone from Huddlestone quarrey in Yorkshire. The whole charge of it amounted to no less than 14000 pound sterling. His own Tomb of brass is here richly gilt, made and finisht Anno 1519. by one Peter a painter of Florence, for which he had paid him (for materials and workmanship) a thou∣sand pound sterling by the King's Executors† 1.241.

The School,* 1.242 as it is famous for the great service it has done both to Church and State; so is it more particularly memorable for the relation our Author had once to it, and for Dr. Busbey its present Master, whose worth and learning has these many years sup∣ported its reputation. To the latter of these it is be∣holding for its Museum, and for several improvements both in beauty and convenience: as is the Master's house (wherein he has all along liv'd) for its enlarge∣ment. The same person has built his Prebend's house there anew, has pav'd the Quire of Westmin∣ster-Abbey with white and black marble stone, and added a building to the King's Hospital of Green-coats in Turtil-fields. In Buckinghamshire, he hath rais'd from the ground the Church of Willen, where his estate lyes; at Wells he has built a Library; and is at this time repairing the Church of Lutton.

[r] In the Church and Chapel our Author num∣bers many other Kings, Queens,* 1.243 and Princes that have been there bury'd before and since King Hen. 7. To the Catalogue whereof we must needs add King Edward the fifth, and his Brother Richard Duke of York, who were most barbarously smother'd to death with Pillows in the Tower of London Anno 1483. by order of their unnatural Uncle Richard Duke of Glocester. Their bodies (though‖ 1.244 some have writ∣ten they were put into a leaden Coffin and cast into the black deeps near the Thames mouth, by Sir Robert Brackenburies Priest) were found July 17. 1674. by some workmen who were employed to take up the steps leading into the Chapel of the white Tower, which in all probability was the first and only place they were deposited in. Thence their bones (except some few of them sent to the Museum at Oxford* 1.245) were commanded Anno 1678. by King Charles 2. to

be translated thence, and decently interr'd here, un∣der a curious Altar of black and white marble, with the following Epitaph engraven on the Pedestal.

H. S. S.

Reliquiae Edwardi 5. Regis Angliae, & Richardi Du∣cis Eboracensis. Hos germanos fratres Turri Londi∣nensi conclusos, injectisque culcitris suffocatos, abdite & inhoneste tumulari jussit Patruus Richardus, perfidus Regni praedo. Ossa desideratorum, diu & multum quaesita, post annos 190, &c. Scalarum in ruderibus (scalae istae ad sacellum Turris albae nuper ducebant) alte defossa, in∣diciis certissimis reperta 17 die Julii, Anno Dom. 1674.

Carolus secundus Rex clementissimus acerbam sortem miseratus, inter avita monumenta, Principibus infoelicis∣simis justa perselvit Anno Dom. 1678. Annoque Regni sui 30.

That is;

Here under lye interr'd the Remains of Edward 5. King of England, and of Richard Duke of York. Which two Brothers their Uncle Richard, who usurpt the Crown, shut up in the Tower of London, smother'd them with Pillows, and order'd them to be dishonourably and secretly buried. Whose long de∣sired, and much sought for bones, after above an hun∣dred and ninety years, were found by most certain tokens, deep interr'd under the rubbish of the stairs that led up into the Chapel of the white Tower, on the 17th of July in the year of our Lord 1674.

Charles the second, a most merciful Prince, having compassion upon their hard fortune, performed the funeral rites of these unhappy Princes, amongst the Tombs of their Ancestors, Anno Dom. 1678. being the 30th of his reign.

To whom add King James the first, Queen Ann, Queen of Bohemia, and others of their Children. The Lady Elizabeth Princess of Orange, King Charles the second, and several of the Children of him and of King James the second. Henry Duke of Glocester, Lodowick Duke of Richmond and Lenox, George Duke of Albemarle, William Duke of Newcastle, and George Duke of Buckingham. Lionel Earl of Middlesex, Ed∣ward Earl of Sandwich, and James Earl of Ossory. And amongst the Poets, we must not forget the fa∣mous Ben. Johnson, and the ingenious Mr. Cowley (to whom I wish I could have added Mr. Butler) who equal, if not exceed the best of their Predecessors.

[s] Near to the Church stands Westminster-hall,* 1.246 first founded by William Rufus about the year of Christ 1097. wherein as* 1.247 Matthew Paris tells us, upon his return out of Normandy, Anno 1099. he Most roy∣ally kept the Feast of Whitsuntide. The length of it was 270 foot, and 74 the breadth; which when he heard some say was too great; he answer'd, That it was not big enough by one half, and was but a Bed-chamber in comparison of what he intended to make. The foundations (as we are told) were to be seen in the days of Matthew Paris, stretching themselves from the river to the common high-way; whence we may gather, 'twas intended to have pointed in length East and West, and not North and South as it now does.

* 1.248[t] Next our Author proceeds to the Northern and Eastern Suburbs; wherein amongst others, he takes notice of the opulent house of Carthusian Monks, founded about 1370. 45 Edw. 3. by Sir Walter de Many: which after the dissolution, being bestow'd upon Sir Thomas Audley, Speaker of the House of Commons, past from him with his sole daughter Margaret by marriage to Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk, and so by descent to Thomas Earl of Suffolk. Of him it was purchased since our Author's time, (under the name of Howard-house, otherwise call'd the late dissolved Charter-house near Smithfield in Mid∣dlesex) by Thomas Sutton of Camps-castle in the Coun∣ty of Cambridge, for the sum of thirteen thousand pounds. He erected it into an Hospital, by the name of the Hospital of King James, founded in Charter-house in the County of Middlesex, at the humble peti∣tion and only cost and charges of Thomas Sutton Esq endowing it with divers Manours and other Lands to the value of 4493 l. 19 s. 10 d. for the maintenance of a Master or Governour, a Preacher, Physician, Regi∣ster, Receiver, &c. 80 poor Brothers or Pensioners, which are to be either Gentlemen by descent, and in poverty; Merchants decay'd by pyracy or shipwrack; or superannuated Soldiers by sea or land: and none of these to be under the age of 50 years at the time of their admission. Except Soldiers maim'd in the wars (and not in private quarrels) which in regard of their misfortune are capable ten years sooner. Be∣side 6 l. 6 s. 8 d. wages, they are all allow'd meat, drink, lodging, gowns, and other cloaths.

And so are 40 poor Scholars, who are only capable of admission between the years of 10 and 15, and not to continue in the School above 8 years at most. Before the expiration whereof, they are either trans∣planted to one of the Universities (where, since the increase of the Revenue, which now amounts to 5500 l. per Annum, there are no less than 29 always maintain'd with the allowance of 20 l. per Annum each, to be paid quarterly for 8 years time:) or they are put forth to be Apprentices, the House now gi∣ving no less than 40 l. with them. The government is in the hands of the most honourable Grandees of the State, and most reverend Prelates of the Church, beside the King and Queen; who put in both the Pensioners and Children in their courses, only the King first puts in two, the Queen one, and then the 16 Governours one, each in their re∣spective turns, as the places become vacant* 1.249.

[u] In the more Eastern Suburbs (where he tells us many Roman Urns and other Antiquities were found) we can only add,* 1.250 that the place he mentions was Spittle-fields. They were dugg up in those days for making of brick; and divers other Romans coins and vessels were found (as Mr. Stow tells us) belong∣ing to their Sacrifices and Burials, beside what he mentions. Such as the Coins of Trajan and Antoninus Pius, Lamps, Lachrymatories, Patinae, and vessels of white earth with long necks and handles, which I suppose must be the Gutti used in their Sacrifices† 1.251. There were many Roman Coins also discover'd in the foundations of Aldgate, when it was rebuilt in the year 1607. which were formerly kept in the Guild-hall‖ 1.252. But many more of all kinds since the late fire, in the foundations of St. Paul's Church now rebuilding, and in the making of Fleet-ditch; which were carefully collected by Mr. John Coniers Citizen and Apothecary of London, and are now many of them in the possession of the ingenious Mr. Wood∣ward, the present Professor of Physick in Gresham-College, London. Many Urns and Coins have been also met with in digging the foundations of the new buildings in Goodmans-fields, as there daily are in ma∣ny other places upon the like occasions, especially in the Suburbs of the City.

[w] Southwark was, 'tis true Apr. 23. 1549. 4 Edw. 6. purchased of the King by the Lord Mayor, Common∣alty, and Citizens of London, for the sum of Six hun∣dred forty seven pounds, two shillings and a penny, and annext to their City, and erected immediately into a new Ward, call'd the Bridg-ward without, and was thenceforth to be esteemed within the govern∣ment and correction of the Lord Mayors, and other Officers of London and their Deputies. The inha∣bitants were licensed to enjoy and use all such Laws and Privileges whatsoever within their Borough and Precincts, as the Citizens of London did within their City* 1.253. Which possibly might move our Author to place its history here. But it was not thereby re∣mov'd out of Surrey, as appears by the provisions of the King's Grant, whereby care is taken that the Lord Mayor should do and execute all such things within the Borough, as other Justices might within the County of Surrey; and that he as Escheator with∣in the Borough and Precincts should have power to direct Precepts to the Sheriff of Surrey for the time being† 1.254.

[x] The Hospital of Christ-Church (founded Anno 1552. by King Edward the sixth) as it stood in our Author's time, maintain'd but 600 Orphans, where∣of part Boys, and part Girls, and both the children of Freemen of this City. Since (the Fund being

uncertain, depending as well upon the casual charity both of living and dying persons, as upon its real Estate) the number has been augmented and dimi∣nisht in proportion to the increase and decrease of that sort of Charity. However, it seldom now main∣tains less than 1000 annually, nor is there reason to fear they will ever have fewer. Here having run through the several Schools, at 15 years they are put forth to a seven years Apprenticeship; except some Boys of the best parts, who are sent to the Universi∣ties, and there also maintain'd for seven years: which is the present state of King Edward's foundation.

* 1.255To this there has been added another of late years, stiled the New Royal Foundation of King Charles the second, consisting of 40 Boys, all wearing Badges appropriate to their Institution, to be fill'd up suc∣cessively out of such of the above-mention'd Chil∣dren, as have attain'd to a competency in fair wri∣ting and Latin learning. Thence-forward they are instructed in the Mathematicks and Art of Navigati∣on till they are 16 years of age; at which time they are disposed of in a seven years Apprenticeship to the practice of Navigation. Which Institution most highly charitable in it self, and tending to the ho∣nour and safety of the Kingdom, as well as the secu∣rity and advancement of our Trade, was founded the 19th of August, Anno 25 Car. 2.

Earls of MIDDLESEX.

Sir Lionel Cranfield Kt. Merchant of London, ha∣ving for his great abilities been first made Master of the Requests, then of the great Wardrobe, and after of the Wards, and at last privy Counsellor; upon the 19. of July 19 Jac. 1. was advanced to the degree of a Baron of this Realm, by the title of Lord Cranfield of Cranfield in Bedfordshire, and to the office and dignity of Lord high Treasure of England: and by Letters Patents bearing date Sept. 2. 1622. 20 Jac. 1. to the Earldom of Middlesex. Who by his second wife Anne, daughter to James Bret of Howbey in the County of Leicester Esquire, had issue four sons; James, Edward, Lionel, and William; whereof James and Lionel succeeded him in the Honour; but both dying without issue, this Title descended to his el∣dest daughter Frances, married to Richard Earl of Dorset, and her issue; and is accordingly now en∣joyed by the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Dorset and Middlesex, Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold, and Knight of the Garter.

More rare Plants growing wild in Middlesex, communicated by Mr. James Petiver.

Filicula saxatilis ramosa maritima nostras Raii Sy∣nops. & Hist. Plant. Small-branch'd Stone-fern. On ma∣ny old walls in and about London, as the Savoy, West∣minster, Royal Garden, &c.

Fungus spongiosus niger reticulatus, doliolis vino∣sis adnascens Raii synops. Mr. Doody's spung-like Mush∣rome. In most vaults sticking to the wine casks.

Eruca sylvestris Ger. sylv. vulgatior Park. major lu∣tea caule aspero C. B. tenuifolia perennis fl. luteo J. B. Wild Rocket. On old walls about this City fre∣quently, as on London-wall between Cripplegate and Bi∣shopsgate, the Charter-house, &c. plentifully.

Viscum Ger. vulgare Park. baccis albis C. B. Quer∣cus & aliarum arborum J. B. Misseltoe. On some trees at Clarendon house, St. James's.

Nasturtium aquaticum amarum Park. majus & a∣marum C. B. Nasturtium aq. fl. majore elatius Raii syn. Bitter Cresses. On the Thames-bank between Peter∣borough-house and Chelsey.

Conserva reticulata Raii Hist. Plant. append. 1852. & synops. 15. Mr. Doody's netted Crow-silk. In some ditches about Westminster and Hounslow-heath.

Bardana major Rosea Park. 1222. lappa Rosea C. B. prodr. 102. Rose Burdock. This variety (which Caspar Bauhine averrs to be found frequently about Leip∣sick) I have observed near the Thames, between West∣minster and Chelsey.

Juncus caule triangulari Merr. Pin. 67. The three-corner'd Bulrush. In the Thames, between Peterborough-house and the Horse-ferry, Westminster.

Cyperus rotundus litoreus inodorus J. B. rotundus inodorus Anglicus C. B. rotundus lito••eos Ger. rotun∣dus litoreus inodorus Anglicus Park. Round-rooted Ba∣stard Cyperus.

Sagitta aquatica omnium minima Raii synops. append. 242. The least Arrow-head. Observed by that most cu∣rious Botanist Dr. Plukenet to grow with the two last.

Salix minima fragilis foliis longissimis untrinquevi∣ridibus non serratis Raii synops. append. 238. Dr. She∣rard's Green Osier. Amongst the Willows on the Thames side, between Westminster and Chelsey.

Salix folio Amygdalino utrinque aurito corticem abjiciens Raii synops. 216. Almond-leav'd Willow that casts its bark. Found with the last.

Persicaria pusilla repens Ger. Park. Small creeping Arsmart.

Trifolium pumilum supinum flosculis longis albis Phyt. Brit. Raii synops. 133. Dwarf Trefoil, with long white flowers hiding its seed under ground. See Essex.

Trifolium siliquis Ornithopodii nostras Raii synops. 136. Birds-foot Trefoil.

Chamaemelum nobile seu odoratius C. B. Sweet-scented creeping Camomile. These four last Plants I have often found in Tuttle-fields, Westminster.

Chamaemelum fl. nudo Raii synops. 57. Naked flow∣er'd Camomile. This also is said to be found with the other.

Gramen' Dactylon latiore folio C. B. Ischaemon sylv. latiore folio Park. Cocks-foot grass.

Gramen Paniceum spicâ asperâ C.B. Rough-ear'd Pa∣nick grass. Both these have been found upon the Thames-bank about the Neat-houses; as also the

Bardana seu Lappa májor capitulis minus tomento∣sis Raii synops. 245. which Mr. Doody has very well ob∣served to be far different from that in gardens, for which it has been taken.

Conyza annua, acris, alba, Linariae foliis. Boccon. rarior. plant. desc. Boccones white flower'd biting Fleabane. In many barren places about London.

Argemone laciniato folio, capitulo hispido lon∣giore. Raii syn. 122. Long rough headed bastard Poppey.

Argemone laciniato folio capitulo hispido rotun∣diore Raii syn. 122. Round rough-headed bastard Poppey.

Argemone capitulo lon∣giore. glabra Morison. Smooth headed bastard Poppey. All these Argemones, are found about Chelsey in Corn-fields and elsewhere.

Erysimum latifolium Neapolitanum Park. Smooth∣er broad-leav'd hedge mustard. After the great fire in London, in the years 1667. and 1668. it came up abun∣dantly among the rubbish in the ruins, and grows now plen∣tifully on the Lord Cheny's wall at Chelsey, and in several other places near London.

Hieracium Castorei odore Monspeliensium Raii syn. 43. Rough-hawkweed smelling like Castor. This Mr. Doody (Master of the Company of Apothecaries Phy∣sick Garden) informs me he hath found about Chelsey.

Gramen Arundinaceum aquaticum paniculâ Ave∣naceâ Raii syn. Mr. Doody's Water-reed grass with an oat-like panicle. First observed by him on the banks of the river Thames between London and Chelsey.

Muscus trichoides minus, foliis ad caulem convo∣lutis capitulis subrotundis reflexis Raii syn. append. 244. Mr. Doody's Goldilocks, with leaves growing like a bul∣bous root. On some walls about Chelsey, and in several gardens about London.

Dipsacus minor seu virga pastoris Ger. sylvestris ca∣pitulo minore, vel virga pastoris minor C. B. virga pastoris Park. pastoris vulg. J. B. Small wild Teasel or Shepherds Rod.

Gramen paniceum spica divisa C. B. panicum vul∣gare Ger. sylvestre herbariorum Park. Panick grass with a divided spike.

Gramen avenaceum glabrum paniculâ è spicis raris strigosis compositâ, aristis tenuissimis Raii syn. Mr. Doody's Oat-grass with hairy awns. I have observed these three last about the Moat which encompasses the seat of the Reverend the Bishop of London at Fulham.

Nymphea lutea Ger. J. B. major lutea C. B. Park. The greater Water-lily with a yellow flower. In the afore∣said moat near the garden-gate.

Cardamine impatiens, vulgo Sium minus impatiens Gen. minimum Noli me tangere dictum, sive impatiens Nasturtii sylvestris folio Park. Impatient Ladies-smeck. On the moat sides near the last.

Acorus verus sive Calamus officinarum Park. The sweet smelling Flag or Calamus. This Mr. Doody hath observed about the said moat.

Ranunculus hirsutus annuus flore minimo Raii syn. 86. Field Crowfoot with a very small flower.

Turritis Ger. vulgatior J. B. Park. Brassica sylve∣stris foliis integris & hispidis C. B. Tower Mustard. This, with the foregoing Plant, Mr. Doody hath observed in a lane near Thistleworth.

Gramen Avenaceum glabrum panniculà purpuro-argenteâ splendente Raii Hist. Plant. 1909. synops. 192. Mr. Doody's Oat-grass with purplish shining pannicles. In the pastures about the Earl of Cardigan's at Twittenham.

Armeriae species flore summo caule singulari Raii syn. 242. The single flow'ring Pink. In the Park at Hampton-Court.

Millefolium aquaticum pennatum spicatum C. B. Park. pennat. aq. J. B. Feathered water Milfoil. This I have found in the Canal at Hampton-Court, as also in a slow running rivulet near Poplar.

Millegrana minima Ger. fig. 567. minima seu Her∣niaria minor Park. Polygonum minimum seu mille∣grana minima C. B. The least Rupture-wort or All∣seed. On Hounslow-heath.

Muscus palustris gracilis summo ramosus. parvus stellaris C. B. & Phytographia L. Plukenetii Tab. 47. Fig. 6. Small upright Bog-moss, with starry tops. In the Bogs on Hounslow heath.

Sium alterum Olusatri facie Ger. Fig. 256. majus al∣terum angustifolium Park. Fig. 1241. Erucae folio C. B. Cicuta aquatica Gesneri. J. B. Long-leav'd wa∣ter Hemlock. In a shallow pool of water on Hounslow-heath by the road side, near the town, and in some pools of water at Thistleworth.

Sium minimum Raii hist Plant. 444. syn. 67. The least water Parsnep. In several ponds on Hounslow-heath.

Potamogiton aquis immersum, folio pellucido lato, oblongo acuto Raii syn. an Pot. foliis angustis splen∣dentibus C. B? longis acutis foliis Ger.? fontalis lucens major J. B? Long-leav'd great Pondweed with pellucid leaves. In many places in the Thames between Fulham and Hampton-Court.

Carduus Mariae hirsutus non maculatus Phyt. Brit. Leucographus hirsutus capitulo minore Morison. Ladies Thistle without spots. On the bank of the New-River be∣tween the two roads from London to Islington-

Potamogiton perfoliatum Raii syn. 34. foliis latis splendentibus C. B. Pot. 3. Dodonei Ger. Perfoliate Pondweed.

Potamogiton pusillum, gramineo folio, caule te∣reti Raii hist. Plant. 190. syn. 35. Small grass leav'd Pondweed. This, with the last, grows plentifully in the New-river head.

Potamogiton affinis graminifolia aquatica Raii hist. Plant. 190. & syn. Water grass with small crooked cods. I found this plentifully in a small pond on the east side of Islington.

Gramen panniculatum aquaticum minus Raii synops. 186. Miliaceum fluitans suavis saporis D. Merret Pin. caninum supinum panniculatum dulce C.B. J.B. The lesser water-grass with fine pannicles. Or rather (as Mr. Doody stiles it) Liquorice-grass, which tast it exactly re∣sembles. On the New-river bank behind Islington, and in many muddy ponds about London plentifully.

Adiantum album Tab. Ruta muraria C. B. J. B. Gen. Muraria, seu salvia Vitae Park. Fig. 1050. White Maidenhair, Wall-Rue, or Tentwort. On an old stone Conduit between Islington and Jack-Straw's Castle.

Radix cava minima viridi flore Ger. Ranunculus nemorosus Moschatella dictus Park. Tuberous Mos∣catell.

Vinca pervinca Officinarum minor Ger. vulgaris Park. clematis Dapnoides minor J. B. C. B. Small Periwincle. This, and the last, grow on the Mote side as you enter into Jack-Straw's Castle.

Xyris Ger. seu spatula faetida Park. Xyris 1. seu Gladiolus faetidus C. B. Stinking Gladdon or Gladwyn. On Jack-Straw's Castle, and in a hedge near it.

Cardamine impatiens altera hirsutior Raii syn. 114. Sysymbrium Cardamine hirsutum minus fl. albo J. B. The lesser hairy impatient Cuckow flower or Ladies-smock. On the New-river banks between Canberry-house and Newington, in many places.

Tormentilla reptans alata foliis profundius serratis D. Plot. Hist. nat. Oxon. Creeping Tormentil with deeply indented leaves. In a ditch between the Boarded-river and Islington road.

Gramen Cyperoides spica pendula breviore C. B. Cyperus seu Pseudo-Cyperus spica brevi pendula Park. Pseudo-Cyperus Ger. Bastard Cyperus with short pendulous spikes. In the same place with the last.

Stellaria pusilla palustris repens tetraspermos. Len∣ticula aq. bifolia Neapolitana Park. Fig. 1293. Raii hist. Plant. 1852. Small creeping Marsh-Starwort. This I found in some moist writts in a wood near the Boarded-river. But the first discovery of it to be a native of Eng∣land, we owe to that ingenious Physician and expert Bo∣tanist Dr. Hans Sloan, who found it in a Bog on Putney-Heath.

Alnus nigra baccisera J. B. C. B. nigra sive Fran∣gula Ger. Frangula seu Alnus nigra baccifera Park. The black-berry bearing Alder. This, with the following, grow plentifully in a wood against the Boarded river.

Gramen arundinaceum panicula spadicea molli majus C. B. Gramen tomentosum arundinaceum Ger. Reed-grass with a pappose panicle.

Gramen Cyperoides polystachion slavicans, spicis brevibus, propè summitatem caulis Raii syn. 195. Mr. Rays yellowish Cyperus-grass with short spikes.

Gramen Cyperoides sylvarum tenuius spicatum Park. Slender-ear'd wood Cyperus grass.

Gramen Cyperoides spica è pluribus spicis brevibus mollibus composita Raii syn. Mr. Ray's round cluster-headed Cyperus grass.

Sambucus aquatilis seu palustris Ger. aq. fl. simplicis C. B. Water Elder. In the same wood, but sparingly.

Myosurus J. B. cauda muris Ger. Holosteo affinis cauda muris C. B. Mouse-tail. This (with the next) I found in a sloughy lane near the Divel's-house going to Hornsey.

Plantaginella palustris C. B. Plantago aquatica mi∣nima Park. Chickweed, with Water-plantain leaves.

Muscus muralis platyphyllos Raii syn. 237. Broad leav'd moss. This Mr. Bobart, the Botanick Professor of Oxford, shewed me on many walls about that City, the which I have this year found on a brick wall on the right hand assoon as you enter into Hornsey town from London.

Bardana minor Ger. lappa minor, Xanthium Di∣oscoridis C. B. The lesser Burdock. This I observed in the road side near the Bridge at Newington.

Cynoglossum minus folio virenti Ger. semper-virens C. B. Park. The lesser green-leav'd Hounds tongue. In a hedge facing the round on Stamford-hill between Newing∣ton and Tottenham.

Cruciata Ger. vulgaris Park. hirsuta C. B. Gallium latifolium Cruciata quibusdam fl. luteo J. B. Crosswort or Mugweed. In Hampsted Churchyard.

Alsine tetrapetalos Caryophylloides, quibusdam Holosteum minimum Raii syn. 145. The least Stich∣wort. On Hampstead heath plentifully.

Filix florida seu Osmunda Regalis Ger. Osmund Royal or flowering Fern. Towards the north side of the heath, and in a Ditch near it the

Lichen petreus cauliculo calceato C. B. Small Liver∣wort with crumpled leaves. With the

Gramen Cyperoides spicis brevibus congestis folio molli Raii Hist. 1910. Mr. Doody's short-headed Cyperus grass. And

Ros solis folio rotundo J. B. C. B. Ger. Park. Round leav'd Ros-solis or Sun-dew. In the Bogs.

Muscus trichodes medius capitulis sphaericis Raii in append. syn. 243. Mr. Doody's Goldilocks with round heads.

Muscus trichoides foliis capillaceis capitulis mino∣ribus Raii syn. 243. Mr. Doody's fine-leav'd Goldilocks with small heads.

Muscus trichoides minor capitulis longissimis Raii syn. 243. Mr. Doody's small Goldilocks with very long and slender heads. These three last, that most indefati∣gable Botanist first discovered on a ditch-bank leading from Mother Huffs towards Hampsted.

Muscus trichoides minor capitulis perexiguis per Microscopium Botro referens. Mr. Dares cluster-headed Goldilocks. This is a singular Moss, its rough heads distin∣guising it from any yet discover'd. I found it in the lane go∣ing from Mother Huffs to Highgate, but it was first disco∣vered

by Mr. Dare in a lane beyond Putney-heath. I have also lately receiv'd it from my ingenious friend Mr. T. Pool a Mercer at Nottingham, who gathered it near that town.

Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis latis auriculatis spi∣nosis Ger. 1130. Prickly auriculate male Fern. This, with the following, are found in the woods about Highgate and Hampsted.

Filix mas non ramosa pinnulis angustis raris pro∣fundè dentatis Ger. 1130. Male Fern with thin-set deep∣ly indented leaves.

Filix mas ramosa pinnulis dentatis Ger. 1129. Great branch'd Fern with indented leaves.

Alsine longifolia uliginosis proveniens locis J. B. Long-leav'd water Chickweed.

Alsine Plantaginis folio J. B. Plantain-leav'd Chick∣weed.

Bifolium sylvestre vulgare Park. Common Twayblade.

Cyperus gramineus J. B. gramineus Miliaceus Ger. Fig. 30. Millet Cyperus grass.

Equisetum omnium minimum tenuifolium Park. Fig. 1201. sylvaticum Ger. 1114. Wood Horsetail. These five last are found in the moistest places in the above∣said woods; the following in the dryer parts.

Astragalus sylvaticus Ger. Wood-pease.

Androsemum vulgare Park. Tutsan or park-leaves.

Anagallis lutea Ger. Yellow Pimpernel.

Gramen Avenaceum rariore gluma spicatum Park. Fig. 1151. Wood Oat-grass.

Gramen Cyperoides spica pendula longiore Park. Cyperus grass with long pendulous heads.

Gramen Cyp. spicatum minimum spica divulsa acu∣leata Raii synops. Tall prickly-headed spiked Cyperus-grass.

Gramen nemorosum hirsutum latifol. maxim. Raii synops. Great broad-leav'd hairy Wood-grass.

Hieracium fruticosum latifolium hi••sutum C. B. Park. Bushy Hawkweed with broad rough leaves.

Hieracium fruticosum angustifolium majus C. B. Park. Narrow-leav'd bushy Hawkweed.

Juncellus omnium minimus, Chamaeschoenus Ad. Lob. The least Rush.

Lilium convallium Ger. fl. albo Park. Lily of the Valley, or May-Lily.

Sorbus sylvestris seu Fraxinus bubula Ger. The Quick∣en tree.

Sorbus torminalis Ger. The common wild Service or Sorb.

Vaccinia nigra Ger. Black Whorts, Whortle-berries, or Bilberries.

Aparine minima Raii synops. Mr. Sherard's least Cli∣vers. First discovered by that compleat Botanist on a wall at Hackney.

Carduus stellatus Ger. Star-Thistle. In some barren fields near White-chapel.

Carum seu Careum Ger. Caraways. This I have more than once found about London.

Chondrilla viscosa humilis C. B. Ger. Park. The least wild Lettice. In a lane against Pancras-Church near London.

Eruca aquatica Ger. Park. Water Rocket. In a ditch in the road between White-chapel and Mile-end.

Lapathum pulchrum Bononiense sinuatum J. B. Fiddle Dock. In Bunhill and Morefields plentifully.

Mercurialis mas & foemina Ger. French Mercury. This, though a scarce Plant wild in England, yet grows spontaneously in most Gardens in and about London.

Ulmus folio latissimo scabro Ger. latiore folio Park. The Wych-hasel or broad-leav'd Elm. I have seen large trees of this at Hoxton near London.

Notes

• 1 1.1

  Which the Britains call'd Co.
• * 1.2

  Breakspe••••
• * 1.3

  Pope H••∣drian 4.
• * 1.4

  Haresfeld.
• 2 1.5

  Count.
• * 1.6

  Uxbridge.
• 3 1.7

  Anciently Woxbridge.
• * 1.8

  Stanes.
• * 1.9

  Sublicius.
• * 1.10

  Runing-mead.
• * 1.11

  See the Ro∣mans in Britain.
• * 1.12

  Harrow-hill.
• * 1.13

  Hamton-Court.
• 4 1.14

  Made an Honour.
• * 1.15

  Thistle∣worth.
• * 1.16

  Sion.
• 5 1.17

  To the honour of our Saviour, the Virgin Mary, and, &c.
• 6 1.18

  Jesu of.
• * 1.19

  Shene.
• 7 1.20

  Under this the small river Brent issueth into the Thames, and springeth out of a pond vulgarly call'd Brown's-well for Brent-well, that is in old English, Frog-well, passeth down between Hendon, which Archbishop Dunstan, born for the advancement of Monks, purchased for some few gold Bizantines, which were imperial pieces of gold coined at Byzantium or Constantinople, and gave to the Monks of St. Peter of Westminster: And Hampsted-hill, from whence you have a most pleasant prospect to the most beautiful City of London, and the lovely Country about it. Over which the ancient Roman mili∣tary way led to Verulam or St. Albans by Edgworth, and not by High-gate, as now, which new way was opened by the Bishops of London about some 300 years since. But to return, Brent, into whom all the small rivers of these parts resort, runneth on by Brent-street, an Hamlet to which it imparted its name, watreth Hangerwood, Hanwell, Oi••terley-Park, where Sir Thomas Gresham built a fair large house; and so near her fall into the Thames giveth name to Brentford, a fair thorough-fare and frequent Market.
• * 1.21

  Brentford.
• 8 1.22

  To the Thames side.
• * 1.23

  Fulham.
• 9 1.24

  Standing there conveniently, not far from the Ci∣ty, albeit not so healthfully.
• * 1.25

  Chelsey, as if one should say Shelfsey.
• 10 1.26

  (As some suppose) but in Records 'tis nam'd Chelche-hith.
• † 1.27

  Camera.
• * 1.28

  London▪
• * 1.29

  British Towns.
• 11 1.30

  While I disport in conjecture.
• * 1.31

  Dinas.
• * 1.32

  Naenia.
• ‖ 1.33

  Abnepos.
• † 1.34

  Vitali ge∣nio.
• 12 1.35

  Marked for life and long continuance.
• 13 1.36

  1540. years since.
• ‖ 1.37

  Munici∣pium.
• * 1.38

  Praefecturae
• * 1.39

  Nundinae.
• † 1.40

  Militiae.
• * 1.41

  C. Cara••∣sius.
• * 1.42

  A Panegy∣rick spoken to Constan∣tius Caesar, and falsly entitl'd to Maximia••.
• * 1.43

  The Franks slain.
• * 1.44

  London-Stone.
• * 1.45

  Coins of Helena of∣ten found under the walls.
• * 1.46

  The Walls.
• * 1.47

  The Gates.
• 14 1.48

  Francerius Falconer Lord Mayor A. D. 1414.
• * 1.49

  Easterlings.
• 15 1.50

  Which at this present is by the cities charge re-edify'd.
• * 1.51

  Cothon.
• * 1.52

  The Tower.
• ‖ 1.53

  Antesig∣nani.
• 16 1.54

  And amongst them Robert Fitz-Walter had licence of King Edw. 1. to sell the site of Bainard-Castle to the said Archbishop Robert.
• * 1.55

  The Bi∣shop••ick.
• * 1.56

  See Baroni∣us, concern∣ing this Council.
• * 1.57

  London ca••••'d Au∣g••sta.
• * 1.58

  The Mint.
• * 1.59

  Sacrarum largitio∣rum. Augusta a most ho∣nourable name.
• * 1.60

  Lib. 54.
• † 1.61

  Consecra∣runt Bri∣tannicum Ducem — inter prisca nomina. London in the Saxons hands.
• * 1.62

  Reliques hid to pre∣serve the memory of perso••s.
• ‖ 1.63

  Quasi be∣neficiarius.
• * 1.64

  S. Pauls.
• * 1.65

  Superior aedes.
• ‖ 1.66

  Transep∣tum.
• * 1.67

  Campa∣nile.
• * 1.68

  Diana's Temple.
• * 1.69

  Insignia.
• * 1.70

  Persons bu∣ried in Paul's.
• 17 1.71

  A right noble Knight of the Garter executed by encroached authority without the King's consent.
• 18 1.72

  Sir John de Bellocampo or Beauchamp.
• 19 1.73

  Sir Christopher Hatton.
• † 1.74

  Nepos.
• 20 1.75

  Sir William Hatton.
• 21 1.76

  The good of England against those spoilers.
• ‖ 1.77

  Camer••.
• * 1.78

  Conven∣tuales.
• * 1.79

  Nurseries for Com∣mon Law; or Inns of Court.
• † 1.80

  Ad ••••••ns sive ••••∣am.
• 22 1.81

  B••sides two Inns moreover for the Ser∣jeants at Law.
• 23 1.82

  Sir John Fortescue.
• * 1.83

  Formerly call'd The New-Tem∣ple.

  The Old-Temple, where now Southamton house is in Holborn-Templ••rs.
• 24 1.84

  At their first institution about A. D. 1113.
• 25 1.85

  The Holy Land.
• 26 1.86

  Professing to live in Cha∣stity and Obedience.
• 27 1.87

  Devout people.
• 28 1.88

  Yea and in the opinion, both of the holiness of the men and of the place, King Henry 3. &c.
• * 1.89

  Upon one of those Mo∣numents, the chara∣cters whereof are obscure, I read Co∣mes Pem∣brochiae; and on the side, M•• eram ••••••∣tis, M•• multo•• v••∣cerat arm••s. The Statute concerning the Tem∣plars lands. 17 Edw. 2.
• 29 1.90

  Marshal the elder a most powerful man in his time.
• 30 1.91

  Upon William the elder his Tomb I some years since read in the upper part Comes Pembrochiae, and upon the side this Verse: Miles eram Martis, Mars multos vicerat armis.
• 31 1.92

  But in process of time, when with insatiable greediness they had hoarded great wealth by withdrawing Tithes from Churches, appropriating spiritual livings to themselves, and other hard means, their riches turned to their ruin. For thereby their former piety was after a manner stifl••d; they fell at jarr with other Religious Orders; their professed Obedience to the Patriarch of Jerusalem was rejected, envy among the common sort was pr••cured, which hope of gain among the better sort so enkindled, that—
• 32 1.93

  Sir Hugh Spencer.
• 33 1.94

  Sir Aimer de Valentia or Valence.
• † 1.95

  Collegia.
• 34 1.96

  Of Wilton.
• * 1.97

  The Rowles
• ‖ 1.98

  ••ride-well.
• 35 1.99

  Or Salisbury Court.
• 36 1.100

  The White Friers, or &c.
• 37 1.101

  Then without the Barrs.
• 38 1.102

  Before call'd Hampton-Place.
• * 1.103

  Montis Jo••••s.
• † 1.104

  Pauperi∣b•••• sacra∣••
• 39 1.105

  Worcester-house, late Bedford-house, Salisbury-house.
• 40 1.106

  And thereby the only ornament of this part, the Britain Burse built by the Earl of Salisbury, and so nam'd of King James 1.
• 41 1.107

  And Northampton-house, now begun by Henry Earl of Northamp∣ton.
• † 1.108

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.109

  W••••tmin∣••••er.
• * 1.110

  Principa∣•• area.
• † 1.111

  Pari com∣missura.
• ‖ 1.112

  Canenti∣um Domi∣no.
• * 1.113

  Suorum.
• 42 1.114

  Surrender'd it to the spoil of Courtiers.
• 43 1.115

  Over these she plac'd Dr. Bill Dean, whose Successor was—
• * 1.116

  Princes bury'd in Westmin∣ster-Abbey.
• 44 1.117

  And first Christian.
• 45 1.118

  Daughter to King Edward 4.
• * 1.119

  Queen Eli∣zabeth.
• ‖ 1.120

  Primo aetatis dilu∣culo.
• 46 1.121

  Sir Giles Daubeney.
• 47 1.122

  James Butler (instead of Thomas Butler.)
• 48 1.123

  Sir Humfrey Bourchier.
• 49 1.124

  Sir Nicholas Carew, Baron Carew (instead of) Nicholas Baron Carew.
• 50 1.125

  H. Howard.
• 51 1.126

  Sir Arthur Gorges.
• 52 1.127

  Sir John Puckering.
• 53 1.128

  Sir Charles Blunt, Earl &c. (instead of) Charles Earl of Devon, &c.
• 54 1.129

  Of a Dean and, &c.
• * 1.130

  Fitz-Steph.
• * 1.131

  Ante••••∣rale.
• 55 1.132

  Because the Tradition holds that the said King Edward therein died.
• * 1.133

  Fr. Catesby's Plot
• * 1.134

  Westmin∣ster-Hall.
• * 1.135

  Guil L••••¦bard.
• * 1.136

  Praetori∣um.
• † 1.137

  Lacuna∣ribus.
• * 1.138

  Prov. c. 1••
• 56 1.139

  Robert Catesby.
• 57 1.140

  Where anciently was a Spittle for Maiden Lepeus.
• * 1.141

  The M••••s
• * 1.142

  Ch••ring-cross.
• * 1.143

  The ten∣derness o•• wife.
• * 1.144

  Rod••ricus T••••••tanus, l••b. 1.
• * 1.145

  Ho••burn.
• 58 1.146

  Wherein stood anciently the first House of Templers only in the place now called Southampton House.
• * 1.147

  Ho••pitalers of S. John.
• 59 1.148

  About the year 1124. and long after.
• * 1.149

  Templ••••s.
• 60 1.150

  This religious Order was instituted shortly after Geoffry of Bollen had recover'd Jerusalem. The Brethren whereof wore a white Cross upon their upper black garment, and by solemn profession were bound to serve Pilgrims and poor people in the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, and to secure the passages thither: they charitably buried the dead; they were continual in prayer, mortified themselves with watchings and fastings: they were cour∣teous and kind to the poor, whom they called their Masters, and fed with white bread, while themselves liv'd with brown, and carried themselves with great austerity. Whereby they purchased to themselves the love and li••ing of all sorts.
• * 1.151

  M••tth. Par.
• * 1.152

  C••••ter-h••••se.
• 61 1.153

  Sir Walter Many.
• ‖ 1.154

  Praeten∣tura.
• * 1.155

  Barbacan.
• * 1.156

  G••leottus Martius.
• 62 1.157

  Sir Peregrine Berty.
• 63 1.158

  To put passengers in mind that th••y are, as those were, subject to mortality.
• * 1.159

  Borough of Southwark. See Surrey, p. 160.
• * 1.160

  The Bridge.
• * 1.161

  Versatilis.
• * 1.162

  S. Saviour.
• * 1.163

  Suffolk-house.
• * 1.164

  St. Thomas Hospital.
• a 1.165

  The learned Dr. Hicks in his Saxon Grammar has observ'd, that the Church's name is not taken from it's being over the river; but from standing upon the banks of it; ofre in Saxon signifying a bank.
• 64 1.166

  Black Canons.
• * 1.167

  Stewes.
• ‖ 1.168

  Lucios.
• * 1.169

  Canes ca∣thenai.
• * 1.170

  Corpora sive Colle∣gia.
• * 1.171

  Wards.
• * 1.172

  Tribus.
• † 1.173

  Praefe∣ctus.
• * 1.174

  Mayor.
• 65 1.175

  Sir Thomas Knowles.
• * 1.176

  Bursa.
• * 1.177

  1567. Royal Ex∣change.
• * 1.178

  Gresham-College.
• 66 1.179

  Commonly call'd the Stil-yard, as the Easterlings-yard.
• 67 1.180

  As great and holy as it is.
• † 1.181

  Nosocomia & Xenodo∣chia.
• † 1.182

  Panno∣rum La∣ncorum.
• 68 1.183

  About four hun∣dred years since.
• * 1.184

  Wedding of Tame and 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• b 1.185

  Our modern Mathematicians will only allow it 32 minutes.
• * 1.186

  Orpheus's ••arp.
• * 1.187

  Radcliff.
• 69 1.188

  When it hath collected his divided stream, and cherished fruitful Marish-meadows.
• * 1.189

  Edmonton. Waltham-Cross.
• * 1.190

  Enfield-chase.
• 70 1.191

  And Durance neighbour thereto a house of the Wrothes of ancient name in this County.
• 71 1.192

  As for the the title of Middlesex, the Kings of England have vouchsafed it to none, neither Duke, Marquess, Earl, or Baron.
• * 1.193

  Edgeworth.
• * 1.194

  Hendon.
• * 1.195

  Bizantine Coins.
• c 1.196

  This must needs be a mistake of the Printer for 121. as we find it in some o∣ther Copies. But neither will that account be true. For excluding the seven Parishes in the Cities and Liberties of Westminster (which I suppose) are thrown into the County) and the our parishes of Middlesex and Surrey (which can none of them reasonably be accounted in London,) there will re∣main in the City Liberties and Suburbs but 113 Parishes, as plainly appears by the Bills of Mortality. And in the whole County and City together, but 186.
• * 1.197

  Uxbridge.
• * 1.198

  S••••nes.
• * 1.199

  ••••••dem A••no.
• * 1.200

  H••rrow.
• * 1.201

  Chron. in An. p. 1014.
• † 1.202

  Survey, p. 417, 419.
• * 1.203

  Hampton Court.
• * 1.204

  B entford.
• * 1.205

  Chron. Sax. in An∣no 1016.
• * 1.206

  Ibidem.
• * 1.207

  Arlington.
• * 1.208

  Fulham.
• * 1.209

  Chelsey.
• * 1.210

  P. 257, &c.
• † 1.211

  S. Hern's D••••mus Carthu••ia∣na, p. 58.
• * 1.212

  London.
• * 1.213

  Chron. Sax.
• † 1.214

  Glossar. ad X. Script.
• * 1.215

  City bui••••.
• ‖ 1.216

  Orig. B••••t. p. 43.
• * 1.217

  Suffer'd se∣veral Cala∣mities.
• * 1.218

  Ch••••••. Sax. 〈…〉〈…〉 An••••.
• ‖ 1.219

  Poly•• Lib. ••.
• † 1.220

  Ch••••••. Sax p ••
• ‖ 1.221

  Stow's Survey, p. 2••••.
• † 1.222

  G alt. 〈…〉〈…〉 L•• D••n∣•• 〈…〉〈…〉 S.
• * 1.223

  S••••w's 〈◊〉〈◊〉, p. ••.
• * 1.224

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 of L••••don.
• * 1.225

  S Pa••l's.
• * 1.226

  Dugdale's H••st. of S. Paul's.
• * 1.227

  Survey, p. 353.
• * 1.228

  Dugd. Hist. of S. Paul's
• * 1.229

  Ibidem.
• * 1.230

  Diana's Temple.
• * 1.231

  Survey, p. 781.
• * 1.232

  Ibid. p. 368.
• * 1.233

  Persons bu∣ried in this Church.
• * 1.234

  Dugd. Hist. of St. Pauls.
• * 1.235

  Survey, p. 227.
• * 1.236

  Increase of London.
• † 1.237

  Politic, Ess••y.
• * 1.238

  Rolls.
• * 1.239

  MS. in Capel. Ro••.
• * 1.240

  Westmin∣ster.
• † 1.241

  Stow's Survey, p. 499.
• * 1.242

  The School.
• * 1.243

  Persons bu∣ried in Westmin∣ster-Abbey.
• ‖ 1.244

  Continue•• of Har∣ding's Chron.
• * 1.245

  Catalog•• MS. Mus•• Ash••••lea o•• Oxon.
• * 1.246

  Westmin∣ster-hall.
• * 1.247

  P. 44. Edit. W••••s.
• * 1.248

  Charter-house.
• * 1.249

  S. Hern's Domus Car∣thusiana.
• * 1.250

  Roman Antiquities.
• † 1.251

  Survey, p. 177.
• ‖ 1.252

  Ibid. p. 121
• * 1.253

  Stow's Sur∣vey, p 442, 443.
• † 1.254

  See more of this in Surrey.
• * 1.255

  Mathemati∣cal School.