Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions and improvements ; publish'd by Edmund Gibson ...

HAMSHIRE.

NEXT to Wiltshire is that Countrey, which by the Saxons was call'd* 1.1 Han∣teschyr, now commonly Hamshire [a]; the inward part of which without doubt belong'd to the Belgae; that which lies along the sea-coasts, to the Regni, an ancient people of Britain. It is bounded on the West by Dorsetshire and Wiltshire, on the South by the Ocean, on the East by Sussex and Sur∣rey, on the North by Barkshire. 'Tis a County that is very fruitful in Corn, and in many places well wooded; rich in herbage, and has all sea commodi∣ties, being well situated by it's many creeks and ha∣vens for all sort of traffick. It is thought to have been the first that was reduc'd to the power of the Romans; for our Histories report, that it was con∣quer'd by Vespasian;* 1.2 and there are sufficient grounds to believe it. For Dio tells us, that Plautius and Ve∣spasian, when they were sent by the Emperor Clau∣dius against the Britains, divided their forces into three several parties for the greater convenience of landing, for fear they should have been more easily repulsed, if they had attempted a Descent all at one place. And from Suetonius we learn, that Vespasian in this expedition engaged the enemy 30 times, and brought under the Roman yoke the Isle of Wight, which lies opposite to this County, and two other valiant People; for which victories by land, and his happy voyages at sea, Valerius Flaccus thus com∣plements Vespasian, and makes him more prosperous than Julius Caesar:

— O tu Pelagi cui major aperti Fama, Caledonius postquam tua Carbasa vexit Oceanus, Phrygios prius indignatus Iulos. O you, whose glorious reign Can boast new triumphs o're the conquer'd main, Since your bold navy pass'd the British sea That scorn'd the Caesars and the Roman sway.

And Apollonius Collatius Novariensis writeth thus:

Ille quidem nuper felici Marte Britannos Fuderat.— —The Britains he of late o'recame In prosp'rous war.—

How in this war Titus rescu'd his father Vespasian from an imminent danger, when closely besieg'd by the Britains, and how a snake twisted round the Ge∣neral at that time, without doing him any harm; which he interpreted as an omen of being afterward Emperor: learn from Dio and Forcatulus.

But falling to my design, I shall begin with the west-side of this County, and having first sur∣vey'd the sea-coasts, and the rivers that there fall in∣to the Ocean, I shall then pass to the more inland parts.

Near the western bounds of this County runs the gentle stream of the Avon,* 1.3 which as soon as it enters into Hamshire, meets with the ford of Cerdick, call'd formerly Cerdicks-ford,* 1.4 b 1.5 afterwards Cerdeford, and now by contraction Chardford; from Cerdick a valiant Saxon. For in this place the famous Cerdick enga∣ging the Britains, gave them so signal a defeat, that he not only enlarged the limits of his own go∣vernment, but left it easie for posterity to maintain his conquests. When before this, in the year of our Lord 508. in a very sharp engagement,* 1.6 he had con∣quer'd Natanleod, a potent King of the Britains, with great numbers of that People; who is by others call'd Nazaleod; and from his name a small tract of land reaching up to this place was call'd Natanleod, as we read in the Saxon Annals: in the search after which place I have been very curious, but cannot yet find the least footsteps of that name [b]. Nor indeed can I imagine who that Natanleod was.* 1.7 Yet 'tis most certain that at the same time Aurelius Ambrosius in these parts had many conflicts with the Saxon forces, and with various success: and yet this great man is never mention'd in those Annals of our Saxon Ancestors; who, as I observe, have been forward enough in reciting those battles, wherein they had themselves the advantage, but mention none of those wherein they were losers; betraying too great a partiality to their own cause. Hence the river runs along by Regnewood, or Ringwood,* 1.8 in Domesday book call'd Rincewed, which was that Regnum,* 1.9 a town of the Regni, mention'd by Antoninus, as we may believe both from the course of the Itinerary, the remain∣der of the old name, and the sense of the present. For Ringwood by the Saxon addition seems to signifie The wood of the Regni. That this was formerly a place of great eminence, seems probable from the adjacent Hundred which derives it's name from thence; but 'tis now only famous for a good mar∣ket. The Avon running from hence, takes in the

river Stour, which comes out of Dorsetshire; and at the conflux of these two, there stands a small popu∣lous market town, now called Christchurch* 1.10 from the Church so dedicated; but heretofore, from it's situa∣tion between two rivers,* 1.11 Twinamburne; upon the same account as the Interamna in Italy. It was formerly strengthen'd with a Castle, and adorned with an an∣cient Church of Prebendaries; which being first built in the Saxon age, was in the reign of William Rufus restored by Ralph Flammard Bishop of Durham (who had been Dean of that Church,) and richly endow'd by Richard de Rivers Earl of Devonshire, to whom King Henry 1. gave this place in fee; and so continued in great repute to the time of Henry 8. and that fatal Fall of Monasteries. Below this town, the Stour and the Avon joyning in one chanel, em∣pty themselves into the sea at one mouth, which Ptolemy call'd the mouth of the river Alaun;* 1.12 and very rightly. For I can scarce believe that Avon was the proper name of this river, since that word is an ap∣pellative, and the Britains call'd rivers in general by that name; but I rather think it was of old called Alaun, because there still remain some marks of that word in the villages upon it, such as Allinton, Alling∣ham, &c. [c]. On the east-side of this river, Wil∣liam the Conquerour destroy'd all the towns, villages, and churches; and turning out the poor inhabitants, made a forest for wild beasts of more than thirty miles in circuit, which the English in that age call'd Ytene, we at this day New Forest;* 1.13 of which, Walter Mapes, who liv'd in the next age, writes thus: The Conqueror took away much land from God and men, and converted it to the use of wild beasts, and the sport of his dogs; by which he demolish'd 36 Mother-Churches, and drove away the poor inhabitants [d]. This he did ei∣ther to make a more easie access for his Normans in∣to England (for it lies opposite to Normandy) in case there should be a new insurrection in this Island after his suppos'd Conquest of it; or to indulge him∣self in hunting; or to raise money by methods tho' ne∣ver so unjust. For he, more merciful to beasts than to mankind, appointed a most grievous pecuniary mulct, and other more severe penalties, to be inflict∣ed on those who should trespass on his game. But divine vengeance was not long wanting to this impi∣ous project of the King's:* 1.14 for Richard his second son, and William Rufus King of England another of his sons, both lost their lives in this Forest; the lat∣ter being casuallyc 1.15 shot with an arrow by Walter Tir∣rel; and the other poisoned by a pestilential blast. And Henry his grandchild by Robert his eldest son, while he was here eagerly pursuing his sport, was caught by the head in the boughs, and there ended his life; to teach us that the crimes of parents are often punish'd upon their childrens children. Of this Forest, there are extant some Verses of John White Bishop of Winchester; which though they falsly attribute the making of this Forest to William Rufus, yet because many readers are pleased with them, I am content to insert them in this place.

Templa adimit Divis, fora civibus, arva colonis Rufus, & instituit Beaulensi in rure forestam: Rex cervum insequitur, Regem vindicta, Tirellus Non bene provisum transfixit acumine ferri. Towns, Fields, and Churches, took from God and Men, A spatious forest made in Beaulieu-plain: The King a Hart, Vengeance the King pursu'd, And Tirrel's arrow drunk his guilty blood.

He calls it Rus Beaulense, because nigh this place King John founded a small Monastery called Beau∣lieu,* 1.16 from it's pleasant situation; which, even in our fathers memory was very famous: for here was an inviolable sanctuary,* 1.17 and a safe refuge for all crimi∣nals; and our forefathers thought it a most unpardon∣able sin to take from hence the most bloody murderers or traitors, that fled hither for protection. But sure when our ancestors did in several parts of England erect these sanctuaries, or Temples of Mercy (as they call'd them,) they seem rather to have followed the example of Romulus than of Moses,* 1.18 who command∣ed that those who were guilty of wilful murder should be taken from the altar, that they might be put to death; and appointed a city of refuge only for them who should by chance slay a man without lying in wait for him [e].

But that so great a tract of ground as this Forest is, might not lye defenceless and expos'd to the enemy, Hen. 8. began to secure it with Castles; for in that neck of land that runs farthest into the sea, from whence there is the shortest passage over to the Isle of Wight, he built Hurst-Castle,* 1.19 which commands the sea on every side. And more westward,* 1.20 he built ano∣ther strong Fort, called vulgarly Calshot instead of Cald∣shore, to secure the entrance of South-hamton-Bay [f]10 1.21. For here, by the great distance of the two shores, and by the opposite situation of the Isle of Wight, is made a very commodious Harbour,* 1.22 which Ptolemy calls the mouth of the river Trisanton, in my opinion ford 1.23 Traith Anton, that is, the Bay of Anton; for Ninnius an ancient Author, calls it almost by the same name, the mouth of the Trahannon. The river that runs into this bay, which we now call Test, was in former times, as we learn from the Lives of the Saints, na∣med Terstan; and that it was before called Ant, or Anton, the towns which lay upon it, Antport, Ando∣ver, and Hanton, would almost persuade us. So far am I from thinking that it was ever so called from the Roman Hammon there killed; which yet Geoffry of Monmouth delivers in his romancing way; and is follow'd by a Poet, who has this passage concerning that Hammon:

— Ruit huc, illucque ruentem Occupat Arviragus, ejusque in margine ripae Amputat ense caput, nomen tenet inde perempti Hammonis Portus, longumque tenebit in aevum.

— As to the bank he fled, Enrag'd Arviragus with happier speed Aim'd a fierce blow, and fell'd his trembling head.

And thus great Hammon's death proclaim'd by fame To Hamton gave an everlasting name.

On this Port is situated the town of South-hanton,* 1.24 near which, to the north-east, stood once another town of the same name, which was the Clausentum* 1.25 of An∣toninus, as seems probable by the distance from Reg∣num on one side, and Venta on the other: and as Trisanton signifies the Bay of Anton, so Clausentum signi∣fies in British the Port Entum; for I have learnt, that Claudh imply'd the same among the Britains as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 did among the Greeks, that is, a Haven made by cast∣ing up Banks of earth. That this place was called Hanton and Henton, no one need question; because in the book wherein William the Conqueror register'd his survey of England, the whole County is expresly call'd Hantscyre, and in another place Hentscyre; and the town it self, from its situation southward, South-anton [g]. What the condition of the ancient town was, is difficult to determine; but it was situated in that place where is now the Field of St. Maries, and reach'd as far as the harbour; and seems to have extended it self on the other side the river. For a lit∣tle higher, just opposite to Bittern,* 1.26 Francis Mills, a worthy person who lives there, shewed me some rub∣bish, pieces of old walls, and the trenches of an an∣cient Castle half a mile in compass, which at full tide is three parts surrounded with water. The An∣tiquity of it is so sufficiently attested by the digging up of Roman Coins, that if it was not the Castle of the ancient Clausentum, you may easily judge it to have been one of those forts which the Romans erect∣ed on the southern coasts (as Gildas tells us) to pre∣vent the Saxon piracies. When all parts were mise∣rably harrass'd and weaken'd in the Danish wars, then did the Old Hanton fall a prey to them in the year 980, and in the time of William the Conqueror (to use the expression of his own Book) the King had in that town only 80 men or tenents in Demesne. But

within these 200 years, when King Edward 3. and Philip of Valois contended for the Kingdom of France, it was burnt by the French. Out of the ashes whereof, there presently sprang up a more con∣veniently situated town, that which now remains, between two rivers; famous for the number and neatness of it's buildings, for the richness of inhabi∣tants, and resort of merchants [h]: fortified with a double ditch, strong walls, with several battlements; and for a better defence to the harbour, there is a strong Castle built of square stone upon a high-rais'd mount, by Richard 22 1.27. That action of the most powerful Canute King of England and Denmark, re∣proving the baseness of a flattering Courtier, who pretended that all things would obey his royal will and pleasure, was in this place, and is well worth our mention.* 1.28 When he came (says Henry of Hunt∣ingdon) to shore, he commanded a chair to be set for him, and said to the sea flowing up to him, Thou art under my dominion, and the ground on which I sit is mine, nor has any yet disobey'd my orders, without severe punishment: therefore I command thee not to come upon my ground, nor to wet the cloaths or the feet of me thy Lord and Master. But the disrespectful waves presently came up, and wet his royal feet: upon which he step'd back, and said, Let all the inhabitants of the world know, That the power of Mo∣narchs is a vain and empty thing, and that no one de∣serves the name of a King, but he whose will, by an eter∣nal law, the Heaven, Earth, and Sea obey. Nor would he ever after suffer the Crown to be put on his head, &c.

Of those rivers between which this town is plac'd, the western one, (now call'd Test, but formerly, I think, Anton,) rising out of the Forest of Chute, runs first to Andover,* 1.29 in Saxone 1.30 Andeafaran, that is, the Ferry or passage of the river Ande; where, in the yearf 1.31 893. Aethelred K. of England, when the Danes ra∣vaged all his kingdom, that he might bless his har∣rass'd nation with a safe and settl'd peace, adopted Anlaf the Dane;* 1.32 tho' this league of friendship was soon broke; for so great a respect and honour could not restrain that barbarous foreigner from his usual rapines [i].3 1.33 From hence this river runs near Whorwel, where Queen Aelfrith built a Monastery, to expiate her heinous crime in vowing to kill King Edward her son-in-law, and to atone for the murder of her former Husband, the noble Earl Athelwold, whom King Edgar, upon an invitation to go a hunt∣ing, did here murder; because he had put a trick upon him in his love-intreagues, and had by ill arts obtain'd from him this Lady Aelfrith, who was the greatest beauty of her age. After this the Test takes in another small stream call'd Wallop,* 1.34 or rather Wellop, that is (if we interpret it from our own ancient language) a little fountain on the side of a hill; which gives name to the ancient family of Wallops, Knights, who live near it. Hence the river runs in search of Brige* 1.35 or Brage, an ancient town, by Antoninus plac'd 9 miles from the old Sorbiodunum; at which distance, between Salis∣bury and Winchester, not far from its own banks, it finds a small country village call'd Broughton; and if the old Brage was not at this place, I am of opini∣on, that it was entirely demolish'd when William the Conquerour converted these parts into the forest be∣fore mention'd. Next, Rumsey,* 1.36 in Saxon Rumseg, (where King Edgar built a Nunnery, the Church whereof is still standing) is visited by this river4 1.37, which presently falls into South-hampton-bay at the Vadum Arundinis, as Bede calls it, which he interprets Redford; but now, from the bridge where the ford was, instead of Redford, 'tis call'd Redbridge;* 1.38 where, in the infancy of the Saxon-Church, stood a Mona∣stery, whereof one Cymberth was Abbot, and bapti∣sed (as Bede tells us) two young Brothers of Arvandus petty King of the Isle of Wight, just before they were to be murdered: for when Cedwalla the Saxon invaded that Island, these two boys made their escape, and hid themselves at a little town called ad Lapidem; till being betrayed, they were killed at the command of Cedwalla. If you ask where this little town ad Lapi∣dem stood, I should guess that 'twas Stoneham, a small village next to Redbridge, as the name it self seems to prove very naturally. The other river which runs on the east-side of South-hampton, seems to have been call'd Alre; for a market town on the banks of it, not far from the lake out of which it rises, is now call'd Alresford, i.e. the ford of Arle. Which place (to use the words of an old Register of the Church of Winchester) the religious K. Kinewalc with great devotion gave to the Church of Winchester, after he had receiv'd the Christian Sacraments from Bishop Birinus, at the beginning of Chri∣stianity, in those parts. In the year 1220.* 1.39 Godfrey Lucy, Bishop of Winchester, renew'd the market here, and call'd the place New-market, perhaps in respect of the old Alresford that lies near it. But this new name did not last long with the people, in whose power lies the use of words and names. Nigh this place lies Tichborn,* 1.40 of which, I must not omit to men∣tion that it has given name to an eminent and an∣cient family.

On the western bank of this river lies the famous city of the British Belgae, which Ptolemy and Anto∣ninus call'dg 1.41 Venta Belgarum,* 1.42 the Britains to this day Caer Gwent, the old Saxons* 1.43 Wintancester, the La∣tin Writers commonly Wintonia, and we Wintchester.* 1.44 Yet there are some Writers who pretend that this was the Venta Simenorum, and give Bristol the honour of being the Venta Belgarum: but that there was no such People as the Simeni in this Island, I shall prove when I come to the Iceni. In the mean time, if they would confirm this their conjecture, by seeking any where else for the towns which Antoninus places near to this Venta, let them be as accurate as they can, they will find nothing to their purpose.

The original of Venta some fetch from Ventus, others from Vinum, and again, others from Wina a Bishop;* 1.45 who might be asham'd of such trifling derivations. I should rather subscribe to the opinion of our country-man Leland, who derives the word from the British Guin or Guen, that is, white, as if it signified Caer Gwin, the White City. And why should it not? since from this same colour the old Latins gave name to the cities Alba Longa and Alba Regia; the Greeks to Leuca, Leucas, and other places. For this Venta (as also two other towns of the same name, Venta Silurum, and Venta Icenorum) is situate in a soil of Chalk and whitish Clay.

This city, no doubt, was very famous in the Ro∣man times [k]; for it is here the Roman Emperors seem to have had their† 1.46 Imperial Weaving-shops; this city being the chief of all the British Ventae, and lying nearest Italy. For in the Notitia, there is men∣tion made of a Procurator or Governour of the Cyne∣gium Ventense or Bentense in Britain;* 1.47 which Jacobus Cu¦jacius, that most eminent Civilian, reads Gynaecium, and interprets it the Royal Weavery, in his‖ 1.48 Paratitles to the Codes. Guidus Pancirolus is of the same opinion; and writes, that these Gynaecia were appointed for weaving the cloaths of the Emperor and Army, for making of sails, linnen* 1.49 shrouds, and other neces∣saries for the furniture of their mansions, or quar∣ters. Yet Wolphgangus Lazius thinks that the Procurator here took care of the Emperor's dogs.* 1.50 And this in∣deed is certain, that our dogs have been preferable to all others in Europe; insomuch that (as Strabo witnesses) our dogs have served as soldiers, and the ancient Gauls us'd them in their wars; and they were bought up by the Romans for their sports in the Am∣phitheatre, and the other pleasures of hunting: for they were (as Strabo says) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, naturally made for hunting. Hence Nemesianus,

—Divisa Britannia mittit Veloces, nostrique orbis venatibus aptos. —The Britains from this world disjoyn'd, Fleet dogs, and useful for our hunting, send.

And Gratius thus mentions their goodness and their value:

Quod freta si Morinûm dubio refluentia ponto Veneris, atque ipsos libeat penetrare Britannos, O quanta est merces, & quantum impendia supra? But if at farthest Calais you arrive, Where doubtful tides the passive shore deceive; And thence your dang'rous course to Britain steer, What store you'll find, and how excessive dear!

The Greeks also were acquainted with, and high∣ly esteemed that kind of Dogs amongst us, which was called Agasaeus,* 1.51 and we yet term a Gasehound; as Oppian will tell you in his first Book of his Cyne∣geticks:

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Which Bodinus does thus render in Latin:

Est etiam catuli species indagine clara, Corpus huic breve, magnifico sed corpore digna; Picta Britannorum gens illos effera bello Nutrit, Agasaeósque vocat vilissima forma Corporis, ut credas parasitos esse latrantes, Another sort of dogs for lurching known, Tho' small in bulk, in value yield to none.

In Britain bred, they thence the name receive Of Gaze-hounds; by their bigness you'd believe They're mungril Curs that under tables live.

* 1.52Claudian likewise speaks thus of our Mastiff-dogs:

Magnâque taurorum fracturi colla Britanni. And English mastiffs us'd to bend the necks Of furious bulls.—

But pardon this digression.

In this city (as our Historians relate) in the times of the Romans,* 1.53 liv'd that Constans the Monk, who was first made Caesar, and afterwards Emperour by his father Constantine; and who usurped the pur∣ple in opposition to Honorius, out of a conceit that his name would prove successful. For long before this (as Zosimus speaking of that time, delivers it) there were as well Cities as Villages full of Colleges of Monks,* 1.54 who before had led a solitary life in mountains and woods, and the remoter places, from whence they derive their name. That old piece of wall still to be seen, of great strength and thickness, towards the west-gate of the Cathedral Church, seems to be the reliques of this old College. But the Monk, who was here de∣clared Caesar, after he was taken hence, did by death soon suffer the vengeance due to his father's ambition, and his own affront to Religion. During the Saxon Heptarchy, tho' this place was once or twice very much harrass'd, yet still it recover'd, and was the Palace of the West-Saxon Kings, adorn'd with mag∣nificent Churches, and honour'd with an Episcopal See; as also endow'd by King Ethelstan with the pri∣vilege of six money-mints. In the Norman times it very much flourish'd, and the Archives (or custody of all publick Records) were in it. Thus it continu'd long in a good condition, only suffer'd by one or two accidents of fire, and was plunder'd by the in∣solent souldiers in the Civil War between King Ste∣phen and Mawd the Empress. Hence our Poet Ne∣cham, who liv'd in that age:

Guintoniam titulis claram, gazisque repletam Noverunt veterum tempora prisca patrum. Sed jam sacra fames auri, jam caecus habendi Urbibus egregiis parcere nescit amor. For wealth and state, for honour and renown, In good old times fair Winchester was known:

But in our age, in our degenerate days, When all the world tyrannick Gold obeys, The richest Cities are the surest preys.

But all these losses were sufficiently repair'd by King Edward 3. when he settled here a publick Mart for Cloth and Wool, which we commonly call the Staple.* 1.55 What figure this City made in former ages, is not easie to imagine; which (as the same Necham writes)

—Flammis toties gens aliena dedit. Hinc facies urbis toties mutata, dolorem Praetendit, casus nuntia vera sui. —So oft the hapless town The rage of foreign flames hath undergone; She show'd her sad misfortunes in her face, And dismal looks her ancient griefs express.

At this time the City is pretty populous, and well water'd by the divided streams of the river; extend∣ing lengthways from East to West, and contains about a mile and a half within the circuit of it's walls, which have six gates, and the passage to each for a considerable way is Suburbs. At the south-side of the west gate, stands an ancient Castle, which has of∣ten been besieged; but never so straitly, as when Maud the Empress maintain'd it against K. Stephen, and at last a report was spread of her death, and she put in a Coffin to deceive the enemy, and so was carry'd off [l].* 1.56 Of the Round Table which now hangs up, and which the common people take for King Arthur's Table, I shall observe no more than this, that it plainly appears to be of a much later date. For in former ages, when those military exercises call'd Torneaments* 1.57 (made use of to train up their Soldiers) were much in fashion; they had these kind of round tables, that there might be no dispute for precedency among the noble Combatants: and this seems to be a very ancient custom.* 1.58 For Athe∣naeus tells us, that the old Gauls did sit at round Ta∣bles, and that their Armour-bearers stood at their backs with their shields. Almost in the middle of the city, only a little more southward, Kenelwalch, King of the West-Saxons, after the College of Monks in the Roman age was destroy'd, built here a Church, as Malmesbury writes, very splendid for those times; in the track whereof was afterwards erected a Cathedral Church of the same model, tho' more stately. In this See, from Wina,* 1.59 whom that Kenelwalch made first Bishop of it, there has been a long series of successors no less eminent for wealth and honour than for piety and devotion5 1.60; and by a peculiar privilege are Chancellors to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Prelates of the Garter. Some of these at great ex∣pence have beautify'd and enlarg'd this Church; par∣ticularly Edington and Walkeling; but above all Wick∣ham, who with incredible cost built the West part of the Church, from the Choire; a neat and curious piece of work: in the middle of which, between two pil∣lars, is his own monument. The Church has been accordingly dedicated to new Patrons, Amphibalus, Peter, Swithin, and lastly to the Holy Trinity, by which name it is at present call'd. Among the Sax∣ons it was in great repute, for being honour'd with the Sepulture of some of their Kings, whose bones were gathered by Richard Fox Bishop, and put into little gilded Coffins, which with their several In∣scriptions he placed upon a wall that runs along the upper part of the Quire. It was formerly call'dh 1.61 Ealden-mynster, i.e. the old Monastery or Min∣ster, to distinguish it from the more modern one,i 1.62 Neƿan-mynster, i.e. New Minster, which King Aelfred founded; and to build the Offices belonging to it, bought of the Bishop a certain peice of ground, for every

foot whereof he paid one Mark, according to the publick Standard. This new College, as well as the old one, was first founded for marry'd Priests, who were af∣terwards expelled by Dunstan Archbishop of Can∣terbury, upon the miracle of a Cross speaking, and condemning the Order: and so Monks were brought into their room. These two Monasteries had their walls so near one another, that when they were singing in one, the noise was a disturbance to the other; upon which arose some quarrels between the two Societies, that afterwards broke out into feuds. This reason, and another inconvenience of a great confluence of waters, (which ran down the streets from the West-gate, and making a standing pool at this new Monastery, did infect the air with unwhol∣some vapours) caus'd the Church, 200 years after it's first building, to be remov'd into the northern sub∣urbs to a place call'd Hide;* 1.63 where by the licence of Henry 1. the Monks built a large and beautiful Mo∣nastery, which within a few years, by the treachery of Henry of Blois Bishop of Winchester (as a private little History of that place tells us) was miserably burnt down: in which fire was consum'd that famous Cross, the gift of Canute the Dane, that (as some old Records deliver it) cost him the yearly revenue of all England. But the Monastery was raised again to a noble fabrick (as the present ruines testifie) and grew by degrees, till that fatal period for the de∣struction of Monks. For then this house was demo∣lished; and the other of St. Trinity, which is the Cathedral Church, upon ejection of the Monks had a new foundation of a Dean and 12 Prebendaries. At the East-side of the Cathedral stands a spaciousk 1.64 palace of the Bishop's, call'd Wolvesey, fortify'd by, several turrets, almost surrounded by the river, and reaching to the City-walls [m]. In the south suburbs there is a neat College that answers it, which William of Wickham Bishop of this See (the greatest patron and encourager of Learning that was in Eng∣land,* 1.65 and whose memory shall be celebrated through all ages in the Monuments of Learning) built for a publick school, which affords great numbers of learned men both to Church and State. In this are maintain'd gentilely a Warden, 10 Fellows, 2 Ma∣sters, 70 Scholars,l 1.66 with some others. There are also other eminent buildings in this City (most of them consecrated to religious uses) which, because time has destroy'd, I have no mind to mention [n]; tho' I cannot but take notice of that* 1.67 Nunnery or Mona∣stery for Virgins, which Aelfwide, wife to King Alfred, founded; it having been so noble a piece of building (as the ruines of it still shew) and the place out of which Henry 1.* 1.68 took his wife Maud, daughter of Malcolm King of Scots, by whom the Royal families of the Saxons and Normans were united, and by which means that Prince gain'd much on the affections of the English. For she was great grand-daughter to Edmund Ironside by his son Ed∣ward, The banished; and a Lady not only endow'd with all the vertues becoming a Queen, but more especially eminent for piety and devotion. Where∣upon this old Tetrastick was made in her commenda∣tion:

Prospera non laetam fecêre, nec aspera tristem: Aspera risus ei, prospera terror erant. Non decor effecit fragilem, non sceptra superbum; Sola potens humilis, sola pudica decens. Nor bless'd, rejoyc'd; nor when unhappy, mourn'd; To laughter, grief; and joy to fear she turn'd. Nor beauty made her frail; nor sceptres, proud; Humble, tho' great; and scarce more fair, than good.

As to Guy Earl of Warwick so famous in story, who in a single combat here conquer'd Colbrand, that Danish† 1.69 Giant; and Waltheof Earl of Hun∣tingdon, beheaded in this place, where afterward was the Chapel of St. Giles; and as to the fa∣mous adjoyning Hospital of St. Cross, founded by Henry de Blois, Brother of King Stephen, and Bishop of this City, and farther endow'd by Henry de Beau∣fort Cardinal: I shall say nothing of all these, be∣cause a full relation is already given of them in our common Histories.

As to the Earls of Winchester;* 1.70 to pass by Clito a Saxon, who at the coming in of the Nor∣mans, was depriv'd of this ancient honour, King John made Saer Quincy Earl of Winchester,* 1.71 whose Arms were* 1.72 a Fesse with a† 1.73 label of seven, as I learn'd from his seal. To him succeeded Roger his son, who bore in a field Gules seven‖ 1.74 Mascles voided Or. But he dying without Issue male, the honour was extinct in him: for he marry'd the oldest daughter and co-heir, by a former wife, of Alan Lord of Galloway in Scot∣land, in whose right he was Constable of Scotland. But by her he had only 3 daughters, of whom the eldest was marry'd to William de Ferrariis Earl of Derby, the second to Alan de la Zouch, the youngest to Comine Earl of Buchan in Scotland. A long time after this, Hugh le Despencer was honour'd with the title, during life only, by King Edward 2. who made him his most familiar friend and confident; but he and his son had too late an experiment how fatal it often proves to be the favourites of a Prince: for popular fury put both of them to an ignominious death. A pretty while after this, by the bounty of King Edward 4. Lewis de Bruges a Belgian, Lord of Gruthuse, and Prince of Steinhuse (who had enter∣tain'd this Prince in Flanders when he fled thither for refuge) obtain'd this title, with Arms not much differing from those of Roger de Quincy6 1.75; which af∣ter the death of K. Edward, he surrendred up to K. Henry 7. Within our own memory,† 1.76 William Pow∣lett, Lord Treasurer of England7 1.77, was honour'd by Edward 6. with a new title of Marquess of Winche∣ster8 1.78, which his Posterity now enjoys. Winchester stands in the longitude of 22, and the latitude of 51 degrees; according to the observation of later ages [o].

From Winchester more Eastward, the river Ham∣ble* 1.79 out at a large mouth runs into the sea. Bede calls it Homelea, and says it runs through the country of the Jutes, and falls into the Solente;* 1.80 for so he calls the chanel between Britain and the Isle of Wight, into which at certain hours two opposite tides coming up with great violence from the Ocean, and meeting here, rais'd so great an admiration in our fore fathers, that they reckon'd it one of the wonders of Britain. Of which take Bede's own words: Two tides which flow round the British Island out of the vast northern Oce∣an, do daily meet together and encounter each other beyond the mouth of the river Homelea, and when the waves have ended their conflict, they retire into the sea from whence they came. Into this chanel another small river em∣pties it self, which rising near Warnford, runs between the forest of Waltham (where is am 1.81 stately seat of the Bishops of Winchester) and that of Bere9 1.82, along by Tichfield,* 1.83 where was formerly a small Monastery built by Peter de Rupibus Bishop of Winchester10 1.84, and is now the chiefn 1.85 seat of the Wriotheslys Earls of Southampton. Hence the shore turning and winding in, the Island call'd Portesey makes a creek, at the upper part of which flourish'd formerly Port-peris, where tradition says, Vespasian first arriv'd. Our Ancestors gave it the new name of Portchester, not from Porta a Saxon, but from portus, a harbour. For Ptolemy from it's largeness calls it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i.e. the spacious harbour: and so a place in Africa was call'd Portus magnus,* 1.86 as we learn from Pliny. There is a large Castle still remaining, which commands a free prospect of all

the harbour below. But when the sea retiring from this shore, by degrees made the harbour less com∣modious, they remov'd hence to Portsey, an adjoyn∣ing Island, which is about 14 miles round. At high tide it is encompass'd with sea-water, of which they make salt; and is joyn'd to the continent by a bridge, which had a small castle to defend it. Athel∣fled, wife of King Edgar, gave this Island to New-Minster in Winchester; and here at the entrance or mouth of the creek our Ancestors built a town, which from thence they call'd Portsmouth.* 1.87 This in time of war is populous, but not so in time of peace; and seems more inclin'd to the Arts of Mars and Neptune, than of Mercury. It has a Church of good ancient work, and an Hospital (which they call God's-house) founded by Peter de Rupibus Bishop of Winchester. It was fortify'd with a wall made of timber and well lined with mud, with a high mount toward the north-east near the gate, and with two sorts of free-stone at the entrance of the harbour, which the inhabitants say were begun by K. Ed∣ward 4. and finish'd by Henry 7. who, they add, settled a garrison in this town. But within our me∣mory, Queen Elizabeth at great expence, has so well secured it by new Works, that nothing seems now wanting to make it a most complete fortificati∣on. And of the garrison, some keep guard night and day at the Town-gates, and others upon the top of the Church-tower, where by ringing of a Bell they give notice what Horse and Foot advance toward the Town, and by waving of Colours show from what quarter they come [p].

Hence from Portes-bridge, upon a little turning of the shore, I saw Havant,* 1.88 a small market-town; and near it Warblington, formerly a beautiful seat of the Earls of Salisbury, now of the family of Cottons Knights. Before these there lie two Islands; the larger is call'd Haling, the less Thorney, from the thorns; and each of them has it's Parish-Church. In several places along this shore, out of sea-water that comes up, they make salt, which at first is of a sort of pale and green colour; but by an art they have, 'tis afterwards boil'd into a pure white. And 'tis of this sea-salt, not of the other which is made in our English pits,* 1.89 that St. Ambrose is to be understood: Let us look upon those things which are common,* 1.90 and withal full of kindness; how water is turned into such firm and solid salt, that 'tis often cut with instruments of iron; which is usual in the British salts, that are crusted into a substance as hard and white as marble, and are very wholsom.

At a greater distance from the sea, live the Meanvari,* 1.91 whose Country, along with the Isle of Wight, Edilwalch King of the South-Saxons received from Wlpher King of the Mercians, who was his God∣father,* 1.92 and upon Baptism gave him this token of adoption. Their Country is now divided into three Hundreds, with a very little change of the name, Meansborow, Eastmean,o 1.93 Weastmean; within which there is a rais'd hill surrounded at the top with a large trench, and call'd Old Winchester, where tradition tells us there was an ancient City; but there is now not the least mark or sign of it; so that one may easily imagine it to have been only a Roman Sum∣mer-Camp. Below this lies Warnford,* 1.94 where Adam de Portu, a man of great wealth in those parts under William the Conqueror, rebuilt the Church, as we are taught by a rude distich fixed on the wall.

Addae hic portu, benedicat solis ab ortu, Gens Deo dicata, per quem sic sum renovata. Good folks, in your devotions ev'ry day, For Adam Port, who thus repair'd me, pray. [q].

More inward there border upon these the Segon∣tiaci,* 1.95 who submitted themselves to Caesar, and inha∣bited the Northern limits of this County, living in the Hundred of Holeshot: in which we meet with Aulton, a Market-town that King Alfred by will left to the Keeper of Leodre; and Basingstoke,* 1.96 that has a well-frequented market, and a very neat Chapel, dedicated to the Holy Ghost, built by William the first Lord Sands, who there lies bury'd. Upon the roof of it, the history of the Prophets, Apostles, and Disciples of Christ, is very artificially describ d. Below this place Eastward lies Basing,* 1.97 famous for it's Lords of that Sirname, St. Johns,* 1.98 Poinings and Powlets. For when Adam de Portu, Lord of Basing, marry d the daughter and heir of Roger de Aurevall, whose wife was the daughter and heir of the noble family of the St. Johns;* 1.99 then William son of the said Adam took the honorary title of St. John, which was retain'd by his successors in a right line. But when Edmund de St. John in the time of Edward 3. died without issue, Margaret his sister marrying John de St. Phili∣bert, brought to him the whole estate of the Lords St. John. She likewise dying without issue, Isabel her other sister, wife of* 1.100 Luke Poynings, had by him Thomas Lord of Basing, whose grandchild Constantia, by his son Hugh, became heir to this part of the estate, and be∣ing marry'd into the family of the Powlets, was the great grandmother of that William Powlet,* 1.101 who by K. Henr. 8. was made Baron St. John of Basing; and by King Edward 6. Earl of Wiltshire, and Marquess of Winchester; and being Lord High Treasurer of England, after he had in most troublesome times run through a course of the highest honours,* 1.102 dy'd in a good old age: a happiness that rarely attends Cour∣tiers. He built here a seat, both for largeness and beauty, wonderfully magnificent; but which was so overpower'd by it's own weight, that his posterity have been forc'd to pull down a part of it [r].

Nigh this place we see The Vine,* 1.103 a very neat house of the Barons of Sandes, and so call'd from Vines, which we have had in Britain more for shade indeed than fruit,* 1.104 ever since the time of Probus the Empe∣ror. For 'twas he that gave liberty to the Britains and some other nations, to have Vines. The first Baron of this family was† 1.105 William Sandes,* 1.106 whom King Henry 8. advanc'd to that honour, when he was his Chamberlain, and had encreas'd his estate by marriage with Margery Bray, daughter and heir of John Bray, and Cousin of Reginald Bray Knight of the Garter, and a most eminent Baneret. To him was born Thomas Lord Sandes, grandfather to William now living. Nigh this place to the south-east lies Odiam,* 1.107 now proud of a Pa∣lace of the King's; and once known for the prison of David 2. King of Scots. It was formerly a free bur∣rough of the Bishop of Winchester's,* 1.108 the Castle where∣of in the reign of K. John was defended by 13 English for 15 days together, against Lewis, [Dauphine] of France, who straitly besieged it with a great Army.

Higher up among the Segontiaci, upon the Northern edge of the County, lay the City of these Segontiaci, Vindonum; which losing it's old name,* 1.109 took that of it's inhabitants, as Lutetia in France borrow'd it's name from the Parisians. For this place was call'd by the Britains Caer Segonte, that is, the City of the Segontians, (and so Ninnius terms it in his Catalogue of Cities;) we at this day call it Silcester;* 1.110 and Higden seems to give it the name of Britenden, from the Britains. I am induc'd to call this place the Vindonum, because it agrees with the distances of Vindonum from Gallena or Guallenford, and from Vinta or Winchester in the Itinerary of Antoninus; and the rather too, because there is a military way still visible between this Sil∣cester and Winchester. Ninnius tells us this City was built by Constantius son of Constantine the Great, and that it was once call'd Murimintum, perhaps for Muri-vindun, that is, the Walls of Vindonum: for the Britains retain the word Mure, borrow'd from the Provincial language, and the V consonant they of∣ten change into M in their pronunciation. On the ground whereon this City was built (I deliver Ninnius's words) the Emper••r Constantius sow'd 3 grains of Corn, that no poor person might ever inhabit there. So Dinocra∣tes, at the building of Alexandria in Egypt (as Ammianus Marcellinus has it) strowed all the out∣lines with† 1.111 Wheat, by which Omen he foretold that that City should always be supplied with plen∣ty of provisions. The same Author also reports, that Constantius dy'd here, and that his sepulchre was to be seen at the gate of the City, as appear'd by

the inscription. But in these matters let Ninnius vindicate his own credit, who indeed has stuff'd that little history with a great many trifling lies. But thus much I dare affirm, that this city was in great repute in that age, and I myself have here found se∣veral coins of Constantine Junior, son of Constantine the Great, which on their reverse have the figure of a building, and this inscription PROVIDENTIAE CAESS. But all writers agree, that Constantius, whom Ninnius makes the builder of this city, dy'd at Mopsuestia, or Mebsete, in Cilicia, and was thence carry'd to the sepulchre of his Ancestors at Constan∣tinople.* 1.112 I deny not, but that a † sepulchre or hono∣rary grave might be here made for the Emperor; for such like ‖ Barrows of earth were often made in memory of the dead,* 1.113 round which the souldiers had yearly their solemn exercises in honour of the de∣ceased party.

When the Roman Empire began to decline, and barbarous nations made frequent incursions into their provinces; then the British armies fearing they might be involv'd in the calamity of their Neigh∣bours, chose themselves Emperors, first Marcus, then Gratian, (both of whom they presently murder'd,) and lastly,* 1.114 in the year 107. they * chose one Con∣stantine, purely for the sake of his name and against his own will, in this city Caer Segont; as Ninnius and Gervasius Dorobernensis tell us. He setting sail from Britaine, arrived at Bologne in France, and got all the Roman forces as far as the Alps to joyn him, defended Valence, a city of Gaule, with great reso∣lution against the forces of Honorius the Emperor, and set a garrison upon the † Rhine,* 1.115 that was before defenseless. He built several fortresses in the pas∣sages of the Alpes. In Spain, by the assistance of Constans his son, whom from a Monk he had rais'd to the title of Augustus, he was very successful; and then sending letters to Honorius to beg pardon for his crime in suffering the soldiers to force upon him the Purple, received back an Imperial Robe from that Emperour. Buoy'd up with this, he pass'd the Alpes with a design to march to Rome; but hearing of the death of Alaric the Goth, who had been a friend to his cause, he retreated to Arles, where he fixed the Imperial seat, commanded the city to be call'd † after his own name,* 1.116 and summon'd thither a solemn meeting of seven Provinces. In the mean time Ge∣rontius rais'd a faction against his Master, and after he had traiterously slain Constans his son at Vienne in Gaule, closely besieged Constantine the Father in Arles: but while one Constantius, sent by the Empe∣rour Honorius, was marching against him with an army, Gerontius laid violent hands upon himself. In the mean time, Constantine being reduc'd to great necessity by the closeness of this siege, and by some unhappy sallies of the garrison brought to despair, he quitted his honour, and that load of fortune; and entring into the Church, took upon him the Order of a * Priest:* 1.117 upon which, the city was presently sur∣rendred, and he led prisoner into Italy, where he was beheaded, with Julian his son, whom he enti∣tled the Noble,* 1.118 and Sebastian his brother. The Hi∣story of these affairs, which is before deliver'd more at large, I have here abridged from Zosimus, Zosomen, Nicephorus, Orosius, and Olympiodorus; that truth may triumph over the vanity of those who by the help of their own invention have adulterated this story with their ridiculous and simple forgeries.

Our Historians report, that in this city was the inauguration of our martial King Arthur; and soon after, the place was demolish'd, either in the Saxon Wars, or when Athelwolf, in rebellion against King Edward his brother, assisted by that crew of Danish Robbers, destroy'd all this country as far as Basing-stoke. Nothing now remains but the walls, which (though they have lost their coping and battlements) seem to have been of a great height. For by the rubbish and ruins the earth is grown so high, that I could scarce thrust my self through a † passage which they call Onion's hole,* 1.119 tho' I stoop'd very low. The walls however remain in a great measure entire, only some few gaps there are in those places, where the gates have been; and out of these very walls there grow Oaks of such a vast bigness, incorporated as it were with the stones, and their roots and boughs spreading so far round, that they even raise an admi∣ration in all that behold them. In compass, the walls contain about two Italian miles; so that per∣haps from the largeness of the place, the Saxons call'd it Selcester, that is, a great city.* 1.120 For Sel seems in their language to have signified great; since Asserius Me∣nevensis interprets the Saxon word Selwood, by Sylva magna, i.e. a great wood. On the west-side of the walls, where 'tis a level, there runs a long ridge, cast up for defence of the place. It includes about 80 acres of land, a good and fat soil, now divided into separate fields; with a little grove towards the west, and eastward near the gate a farm-house, with a small Church of modern building; in which while I search'd for ancient Inscriptions, I found nothing but some Coats of Arms in the windows, viz. in a field sable seven Fusils argent Bendwise; as also, in a field sable a Fesse between two cheverns Or, and in a shield Or an eagle display'd with two heads, gules.* 1.121 I find these last to be the Arms of the Blewets, to whom this estate came after the time of William the Con∣querour; the second are the Arms of the noble fa∣mily of Bainard of Leckham; and the first is the Coat of the family of the Cusanz, by whom this estate pass'd hereditarily from the Blewets to the Bai∣nards. But in the reign of William the Conquerour, this was in the possession of William de Ow the Nor∣man, who being accus'd of treason, appeal'd to a tryal of his innocence by Duel; but being conquered, he was by command of King William Rufus punish'd with the loss of his eyes and testicles. The inhabi∣tants of this place told me, it had been a constant ob∣servation of theirs, that tho' the soil here be fat and fertile, yet in a sort of baulks that cross one another, the corn never grows so thick as in the other parts of the field; and along these they imagine the streets of the old city to have run. Here are commonly dug up British tiles, and great plenty of Roman Coins, which they call Onion-pennies, from one Onion whom they foolishly fancy to have been a Giant, and an in∣habitant of this city. There are often found too some inscriptions, which the ignorance of the Country-people has robb'd the world of. There is only one brought up to London, and placed in the garden of the honourable William Cecil Baron of Burghley, and Lord High Treasurer of England; which is this:

MEMORIAE
FL. VICTORI-
NAE. T. TAM: VICTOR CONIUX
POSVIT.

I shall not be positive, as some others are, that this was a monument in memory of Victorina, who was called Mater Castrorum, i.e. Mother of the Camp; and who rais'd the Victorini, son and grandson, Post∣humus, Lollianus, Marius, and Tetricus, Caesars, in Gaule and Britain, against Gallienus the Emperor. But I have somewhere read that there were two Vi∣ctors in Britaine, and that both flourished at the same time; one, son of Maximus the Emperor, the other* 1.122 Praefect of the Guards to the same Emperor, and mention'd by St. Ambrose in his Epistles. But I dare affirm, that neither of these was he who set up this monument in memory of his wife.

As there is one Roman military way that leads from hence directly southward to Winchester; so is there another that passes westward thro' Pamber (a thick and woody forest;) then by some places that are now uninhabited, it runs near Litchfield, that is, the field of carcasses, and so to the forest of Chute, pleasant for its shady trees, and the diversions of hunting; where the huntsmen and foresters admire it's pav'd rising ridge, which is plainly visible, tho' now and then broken off.

Now northward, in the very limits almost of this County, I saw Kings-cleare,* 1.123 formerly a seat of the Sa∣xon Kings, now a well-frequented market town11 1.124. Sidmanton,* 1.125 the seat of the family of Kingsmils Knights:

and Burgh-cleare,* 1.126 that lies under a high hill, on the top of which there is a military camp (such as our ancestors call'd Burgh) surrounded with a large trench: and there being a commanding prospect from hence all the country round, a Beacon is here fix'd, which by fire gives notice to all neighbouring parts of the advance of an enemy. These kind of watch-towers we call in our language Beacons, from the old word Beacnian, i.e. to becken: they have been in use here in England for several ages; sometimes made of a high pile of wood, and sometimes of little bar∣rels fill'd with pitch set on the top of a large pole in places that are most expos'd to view, where some al∣ways keep watch in the night; and formerly also the horsemen call'd Hobelers by our Ancestors, were settled in several places to signifie the approach of the enemy by day [s].

This County, as well as all the rest we have thus far describ'd, belong'd to the West-Saxon Kings; and (as Marianus tells us) when Sigebert was de∣pos'd for his tyrannical oppression of the subject, he had this County assign'd him, that he might not seem intirely depriv'd of his government. But for his re∣peated crimes they afterward expell'd him out of those parts too; and the miserable condition of this de∣pos'd Prince was so far from moving any one's pity, that he was forc'd to conceal himself in the wood Anderida, and was there killed by a Swine-herd.

This County has had very few Earls, besides those of Winchester, which I have before spoken of. At the coming in of the Normans, one Bogo, or Beavose, a Saxon, had this title; who in the battel at Cardiff in Wales fought against the Normans. He was a man of great military courage and conduct; and while the Monks endeavour'd to extol him by false and legendary tales, they have drown'd his valiant exploits in a sort of deep mist. From this time we read of no other Earl of this County till the reign of Henry 8. who advanc'd William Fitz-Williams (descended from the daughter of the Marquess of Montacute) in his elder years, to the honours of Earl of Southampton, and Lord High Admiral of England. But he soon after dying without issue, King Edward 6. in the first year of his reign, conferr'd that honour upon Thomas Wriotheosley Lord Chancellour of England; and his grandson Henry, by Henry his son, now en∣joys that title; who in his younger years has arm'd the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learn∣ing and military arts, that in his riper age he may employ them in the service of his King and Country.

There are in this County 253 Parishes, and 18 Market Towns.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Ham tunscire, see the Additions.
• * 1.2

  Vespasian.
• * 1.3

  River Ave∣na, or Avo∣na.
• * 1.4

  Cerdicks-ford.
• b 1.5

  Cerdicesford in the Saxon Annals.
• * 1.6

  Natanleod. or Nazale∣od.
• * 1.7

  Whether Natanleod and Aureli∣us Ambro∣sius was the same person
• * 1.8

  Ringwood.
• * 1.9

  Regnum.
• * 1.10

  Christ∣church.
• * 1.11

  Twinham.
• * 1.12

  The river Alaun.
• * 1.13

  New-Fo∣rest.
• * 1.14

  Example of Divine Vengeance.
• c 1.15

  The place where William Rufus was kill'd, is call'd (says Leland, Itinerar. vol. 6. p. 100.) Thorougham, where there yet standeth a Chappel.
• * 1.16

  Beaulieu.
• * 1.17

  Sanctuary.
• * 1.18

  Exod •••• 2••. Joseph. lib. Anti••.
• * 1.19

  Hurst Ca∣stle.
• * 1.20

  Calshot Castle.
• 10 1.21

  As more inwardly; on the other side, are the two castles of S. Andrew and Netley.
• * 1.22

  Mouth of the river Trisanton.
• d 1.23

  According to Dr. Davis's Welsh-Dictionary, Traith is nothing but Tractatus.
• * 1.24

  South••••ton
• * 1.25

  Clausen••••••
• * 1.26

  Bittern.
• 2 1.27

  And afterward K. Hen. 6. granted to the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, that it should be a County by it self, with other Liberties.
• * 1.28

  ••he 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Canute.
• * 1.29

  ••ndover.
• e 1.30

  And Andeferan.
• f 1.31

  In the year 994. according to the Saxon Annals.
• * 1.32

  ••nlaf ad∣••pted by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Aethel∣••ed.
• 3 1.33

  From thence it runneth down, and receives from the East a brook passing by Bullingdon, in whose parish is a place called Tibury-hill, and contains a square field, by estimation 10 acres ditch'd about, in some places deeper than other, wherein hath been found tokens of Wells, and about which the Plough-men have found square-stones and Roman coins, as they report; for the place I have not seen.
• * 1.34

  ••all••p.
• * 1.35

  ••ge.
• * 1.36

  ••umsey.
• 4 1.37

  Out of the which, Mary daughter to King Stephen being there Abbess, and his only heir surviving, was convey'd secretly by Matthew of Alsace son to the Earl of Flanders, and to him married. But after she had born to him two Daughters, was enforced by Sentence of the Church to return hither again according to her vow.
• * 1.38

  ••dbridge.
• * 1.39

  A book of waverly Monastery.
• * 1.40

  Tichborn.
• g 1.41

  From whence the Bishop of Winchester is in our Histories very of∣ten call'd Ventanus, and Wentanus.
• * 1.42

  Venta Bel∣garum.
• * 1.43

  As also Winteceaster, Winceaster, Wincester.
• * 1.44

  Wintche∣ster.
• * 1.45

  Qui bonae menti lita∣rent.
• † 1.46

  Textrina sua sacra.
• * 1.47

  The Cyne∣gium of the Roman Em∣perors in Brit. Gynae∣cium.
• ‖ 1.48

  Paratitla.
• * 1.49

  Stragula.
• * 1.50

  British dogs.
• * 1.51

  Agasaeus. Gasehound, a British Dog.
• * 1.52

  Mastives.
• * 1.53

  Constans from a Monk made Caesar.
• * 1.54

  Monasteries in Cities.
• * 1.55

  The Staple
• * 1.56

  K. Arthur's round Ta∣ble.
• * 1.57

  Tornea∣ments.
• * 1.58

  Lib. 4. Dei∣pnosoph••t.
• * 1.59

  Bishope of Winche••ter
• 5 1.60

  But among others St. Swithin continues yet of greatest fame, not so much for his sanctity, as for the rain which usually falls about the feast of his translation in July, by reason the Sun then is Cosmically with Praesepe and Aselli, noted by ancient writers to be rainy Constellations, and not for his weeping, or other weeping Saints Margaret the Virgin, and Mary Magdalen, whose feasts are shortly after; as some superstitiously credulous have believed.
• h 1.61

  Ealdan-Mynster. Chron. Sax.
• i 1.62

  Niwan-Mynster. Chron. Sax.
• * 1.63

  Hide-Abby.
• k 1.64

  It was built A. D. 1137. by Henry Bishop of Winchester. Leiger-Book of St. Cross in the hands of Mr. Worsley.
• * 1.65

  A College b•••••••• by William of Wickham.
• l 1.66

  Particularly, 3 Chaplains, 3 Clerks, an Organist, 16 Choristers, and the statutable servants.
• * 1.67

  Parthe∣••••••m. St. Mary's Abby.
• * 1.68

  Maud wife to Henry 1.
• † 1.69

  Typhoëus
• * 1.70

  Earls of Winchester.
• * 1.71

  The Quin∣cy's Arms.
• * 1.72

  Baltheus militaris.
• † 1.73

  Lemniscus
• ‖ 1.74

  Rhombos.
• 6 1.75

  In these words, Azur a dix Mascles D'or en orm d'un Canton de nostre propre Armes d'Engleterre, cest savour, de Goul un Leopard passant d'or, armeé d'azur.
• † 1.76

  Sir William.
• 7 1.77

  Earl of Wiltshire, and Lord St. John of Basing.
• 8 1.78

  A man prudently pliable to times; raised not suddenly, but by degrees in Court, excessive in vast informous buildings, temperate in all other things; full of years, for he lived 97 years; and fruitful in his generation, for he saw 103 issued from him by Elizabeth his wife, daughter to Sir William Capel Knight: And now his grandchild William enjoys the said honours.
• * 1.79

  Hamble.
• * 1.80

  Solente.
• m 1.81

  It was ruin'd in the late Civil Wars.
• 9 1.82

  Whereby is Wickham, a mansion of that ancient family of Vuedal. Hol. It is come by marriage to the E. of Carlisle.
• * 1.83

  Tichfield.
• 10 1.84

  Where the mar∣riage was solemnized between King Henry 6. and Margaret of Anjou.
• n 1.85

  The Earl of Southampton dying without Issue male, this estate came to Edward, first Earl of Gainsburrow by marriage with Elizabeth daughter and coheiress of the said Earl; whose son dying without issue-male, it is now fallen to his two daughters, who are at present Minors.
• * 1.86

  Portus magnus.
• * 1.87

  Portsmouth
• * 1.88

  Havant.
• * 1.89

  British Salt.
• * 1.90

  Hexame∣ron. lib. 4. cap. 11.
• * 1.91

  Meanvari.
• * 1.92

  See Bede, lib. 4. c. 13.
• o 1.93

  Weastmean is only a Tithing, and not a Hundred, as the other two.
• * 1.94

  Warnford.
• * 1.95

  Segontiaci.
• * 1.96

  Basingstoke
• * 1.97

  Ba••ing.
• * 1.98

  St. Johns.
• * 1.99

  Out of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 old m〈…〉〈…〉 this 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.100

  Sir Luke. Hol.
• * 1.101

  Powlet.
• * 1.102

  He lived •••• years.
• * 1.103

  Vines 〈◊〉〈◊〉 brought 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Eng••a••d
• * 1.104

  Vopiscus.
• † 1.105

  Sir William. Hol.
• * 1.106

  Barons 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Sandes.
• * 1.107

  Odiam
• * 1.108

  Matth ••••¦ris.
• * 1.109

  Vind••••••
• * 1.110

  Silcester.
• † 1.111

  Fario••
• * 1.112

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.113

  ••mul••.••orary 〈◊〉〈◊〉. or ••ows.
• * 1.114

  ••tura. ••runt. ••tantine 〈◊〉〈◊〉 chose ••••eror ••he sake 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.115

  ••henum.
• * 1.116

  ••tanti∣••••••.
• * 1.117

  ••••y.
• * 1.118

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 enti∣••••e 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.119

  ••••gip••r∣••
• * 1.120

  Sel, what.
• * 1.121

  Arms of the Blewets, Bainards, and Cusanz.
• * 1.122

  Praetorio Praefectus.
• * 1.123

  Kingscleare
• 11 1.124

  By it Fremantle in a Park where King John much hunted.
• * 1.125

  Sidmanton.
• * 1.126

  Bu gh-cleare.