Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions and improvements ; publish'd by Edmund Gibson ...

ADDITIONS to WILTSHIRE.

a WILTSHIRE, in Saxon Wiltun∣scyre, and by the Historians of succeeding ages, melted by degrees into our Wiltshire, call'd also Pro∣vincia Semerana, and Severnia, or Provincia Severo∣rum, is the largest mid-land County of any in Eng∣land, as may be easily observed by the* 1.1 ancient computation of it's Hides. For we find that in Wiltysire (as 'tis there term'd) were 4800 hides, which is more by 2000, than any Shire mention'd by that Author. The 39 miles in length, and 29 in breadth, which Spede assigns to it, will be found too little both ways, upon an accurate survey.

[a] Our Author observes, among other advan∣tages, that this County is watered with the Isis, which afterwards takes the name of Thamisis.* 1.2 An er∣ror with which the world is so possess'd, that 'twill be a hard matter to make them part with it; not∣withstanding it plainly appears that this river was always call'd Thames, or Tems, before ever it came near Thame. For instance, in an ancient Charter granted to Abbot Aldhelm, there is particular men∣tion made of certain lands upon the east part of the river, cujus vocabulum Temis, juxta vadum qui ap∣pellatur Summerford; and this ford is in Wiltshire. The same thing appears from several other Charters granted to the Abby of Malmsbury, as well as that of Enesham, and from the old Deeds, relating to Cricklade. And perhaps it may safely be affirmed, that in any Charter or authentick History it does not ever occur under the name of Isis; which indeed is not so much as ever heard of but among scholars: the common people, all along from the head of it down to Oxford, calling it by no other name but that of Thames. So also the Saxon Temese (from whence our Tems immediately comes) is a plain evidence, that that people never dreamt of any such conjunction But farther, all our Historians that mention the Incursions of Aethelwold into Wiltshire, A. D. 905. or of Canute, A. D. 1016. tell us, that they pass'd over the Thames at Cricklade. For the original of the word, it plainly seems to be British, because one may observe several rivers in several parts of England of almost the same name with it; as Tame in Staffordshire, Teme in Herefordshire, Ta∣mar in Cornwall, &c. And the learned Mr. Llwyd affirms it to be the same with their Tâf, which is the name of many rivers in Wales; the Romans changing the pronunciation of the British (f) into (m,) as the Latin word Demetia, is in Welsh Dyfed.

[b] As for Wansditch,* 1.3 the course whereof is trac'd in the Map, it seems to be so far from having been drawn for a boundary between the West-Saxons and Mercians (as our Author would have it,) that it was probably made long before the settlement of the Mercian Kingdom, viz. by Cerdick the first King of the West-Saxons, or by Kenric his son, against the incursions of the Britains, who even in K. Ceaulin's time (as Malmsbury tells us) made frequent inroads into this County from their garri∣sons at Bath, Glocester, and Cirencester. And the same Historian informs us, that Ceaulin was routed by the Britains, not (as other writers) at Wodensburgh, but at Wodenesdic; which seems to intimate that it was made before that time, and was then a boundary between the two people.

The rampire and graff of this Wansditch are very large; the rampire on the south-side. And be∣sides this ditch, there are several others of less note still visible upon the plains, especially about Stone-henge; and in the† 1.4 Saxon-Charter of lands belong∣ing to Wilton-Abbey, there is mention made of no less than 13 distinct Dikes; so that probably the Sax∣ons might draw them to divide the great Lordships, or for some such purpose.

[c] Upon what ground Mr. Camden places Wo∣densburge* 1.5 upon this Dike, does not appear. There are no remains of such a name in any village near it, except it be Woodborow, three miles south of it: but then there is not the least sign or tradition of a bat∣tle fought there. One would rather guess that Wan∣borow, on the borders of Wiltshire and Barkshire, is the town mention'd by our Historians. For as Wo∣densdic pass'd into Wansdick, so might Wodensburgh by the same reason be chang'd into Wanburh, or Wanbo∣row. And without doubt this has been formerly a

town of great note, as appears by the quantities of Roman Coins that have been frequently found at it; and the neighbourhood of a Saxon Camp on Badbury-hill, plainly shews that the battle must have been fought hereabouts.

[d] Now to begin with North-Wiltshire; the Thames before it comes to Creeklade, receives from the north a little river call'd Churn, not far from which is Pulton,* 1.6 a town within the bounds of Glo∣cestershire, yet belongs to and is reckon'd a part of Wiltshire; where was a Priory of the Order of S. Gil∣bert, founded in the time of Edw. 1.

After this brook has enter'd the Thames, they go to Cricklade,* 1.7 call'd Creckanford, Cricgelada, &c. and by the Saxon-Annals Creccagelade and Cræc∣cilade; where, (if the Monkish Writers could always be rely'd upon) we might safely settle a Greek school, which they in a manner unanimously affirm to have been founded, or rather restored by that learned Archbishop of Canterbury Theodorus. But those over-credulous Authors seem to have no other grounds besides the bare affinity of names; and to make that a good argument,* 1.8 are willing to have it call'd Greklade, which makes their opinion so much the more plausible. How true the mat∣ter of fact may be, I shall not undertake to deter∣mine, since* 1.9 that point has been already pretty warmly manag'd on both sides. It is certain how∣ever that Cricklade has formerly been a town of great reputation; for it appears by the Red Book in the Exchequer, that there once belong'd to it 1300 Hide∣lands, and it gave name to the Hundred of Cricklade, which is now united to that of High-worth. But if it's Greek-school have nothing to support it, besides the similitude of names; I fancy it may with more reason be deriv'd either from the British Cerigwlâd, i.e. a stony country (to which the nature of the soil does very well agree) or from the Saxon cræcca a brook, and ladian to empty; for here the Churn and Rey empty themselves into the Thames. It has now a Free-school, founded by Robert Jenner Esq and en∣dow'd by him with 40 l. per Annum.

[e] The river Avon is our next guide, call'd for distinction's sake Lower-Avon, probably the Antona of Tacitus, and the Bladon of William of Malmesbu∣ry; which at it's first entry into Wiltshire crosses the Foss-way,* 1.10 still very plain in this part of the coun∣try. From Cirencester it comes into this County near Kemble,* 1.11 and so runs west of Crudwell (which gave the title of Baroness to Lady Mary Lucas of Crudwell, whose Father John Lord Lucas* 1.12 built here a Free-school, and endow'd it with 20 l. per An.) by Ashley to Long Newnton. Then west of Brokenbridge to Easton-Grey,* 1.13 and so not far from Sherston, which appears to have been a Roman station, as well by it's situation near this Consular Way, as by the Roman Coins fre∣quently found at it. Some of the silver ones, viz. of Antoninus, Faustina, Gordianus, and Fl. Julianus are given to Ashmole's Musaeum in Oxford, by Mr. John Aubrey. What it's name was in the Roman times, we have no light in History; but this in all probability was the place of battle between King Edmund and the Danes, A. D. 1016. call'd by the Saxon Chronicle Sceorstan. For as the agreement of the names justifie the conjecture, so do the par∣ticular circumstances both of the place and action. The several barrows hereabouts, put it beyond all dispute that there has been a battle; and the Inhabi∣tants have to this day a tradition, that it was against the Danes. Now this of K. Edmund's lays best claim to it, both because Sherston is nearer to Pen (where the last battle before this was fought) than any town yet assign'd to be the place; and also because the account that Florence of Worcester has left us of that matter agrees very well to it. He expresly says, his Sceorstan was in Wiccia, within the borders where∣of this Sherston is. For there is no doubt, but Wic∣cia extended on both sides the Severn as far as the Kingdom of Mercia did: now Camden has observ'd out of Ethelwerd, that the Avon was the limit be∣tween Mercia and the Kingdom of the West-Saxons; and the learned* 1.14 Sir Henry Spelman tells us, that Ald∣helm Abbot of Malmsbury was present at a Mercian Synod; so that without doubt this part of Wiltshire belong'd to Mercia, and consequently this Sher∣ston might be in Wiccia. And this is confirm'd by that passage in Brompton, where he says, that the cities of Cirencester and Chippenham were in the south part of the Country of the Wiccians.

From Sherston the Fosse passes by Alderton and Littleton-Drew; and so east of West-Kington,* 1.15 † 1.16 in which parish on a Down call'd Ebdown, is a single-ditch'd Camp suppos'd to be Roman. Hence it goes to Castle-comb, and so west of Slaughtenford,* 1.17 the very name of which denotes what the constant tradition of the Inhabitants has handed down, concerning a great slaughter of the Danes in this place. Their Camp might probably be* 1.18 that double Entrench∣ment in Bury-wood between Colern and North-Wraxall; not far from which the Fosse enters Somersetshire at the Shire-stones.

[f] The Avon having cross'd the Foss-way runs di∣rectly to Malmsbury,* 1.19 call'd by the Saxon Annals Mealdelmesbyrig; which Geoffrey of Monmouth, without any warrant from authentick History, af∣firms to have been a town in the Roman times, and built some hundreds of years before their coming into this Island. However, 'tis certain that early in the Saxon times it was a Castle belonging to the Bi∣shops of the West-Saxons; and in all probability this is the place from whence the Charters from Eleutherius to Aldhelm are thus dated, Actum publicè juxta flumen Badon. As for the Altar-monument in the Church, said to be King Aethelstan's, it is so far from having been erected immediately after his death, that it seems to have been put up long since the Con∣quest, and possibly since the Reformation. For Wil∣liam of Malmsbury tells us, that this King was in∣terr'd under the High-Altar, whereas the monument is in the Nave of the Church; and grass grows where the Choir was. A. D. 956. after the Monks had had possession of this Monastery 270 years, they were turn'd out by the command of King Eadwy, and secular Priests put in their room; but the Monks were restor'd by King Edgar. Bishop Herman would willingly have translated the Bishop's See hither, but was prevented in his design by the diligence of the Monks. So that the† 1.20 Abingdon Historiographer is under a mistake, when he tells us, that the seat of the Bishop of Barkshire and Wiltshire was at Malms∣bury; and Radulphus de Diceto, when he calls Odo Bi∣shop of Ramesbury, Bishop of Malmsbury: as also Gervasius Tilburiensis, when he says that S. Aldhelm had the city of Maidulf, that is Scireburn. The Abbey here exceeeded all the rest in Wiltshire, both in riches and honour; the Lord Abbot sitting in Parlia∣ment as Peer of the Realm.

Robert Jenner Esq Goldsmith of London, the 1 Car. 1. built an Almshouse here for 8 persons, and endow'd it with 40 l. a year.

[g] From hence the Avon goes to Dantesey,* 1.21 of which place Henry Lord Danvers was made by K. Charles 1. Earl of Danby. He it was who built the Physick-garden in Oxford; and among many other acts of charity, founded here an Alms-house and Free-school. Upon the attainder of his brother and heir Sir John Danvers, the town was given by K. Charles 2. to James then Duke of York, whose second son James was created Baron of Dantsey; it was afterwards part of the dowry of Queen Mary, and since the Revolution belongs to the Earl of Mon∣mouth.

The Avon bending it's course southward from hence, runs near Bradenstoke,* 1.22 without doubt the same town to which Aethelwold carry'd his devasta∣tions, in the year 905. At which time, Bromton says, he put to military execution all Brithendune, (i.e. all in Bradon-forest) as far as Brandestok, or, as Hig∣den more rightly calls it Bradenestoke; so that Poly∣dore Virgil, Holinshed, Speed, and our late Histori∣ans, are very much mistaken in asserting this to be Basingstoke in Hamshire.

Somewhat lower, the Avon receives the Caln,* 1.23 a little river rising at the bottom of Oldbury-hill,* 1.24 on which is a large oval camp with double trenches, possibly Danish.

[g 2.] For the town of Caln,* 1.25 'tis probable it arose out of the ruines of the old Roman Colony on the other side of the water near Studley, where Roman Coins are frequently found. It was one of the Pa∣laces of the West-Saxon Kings; and at the time of the Conquest enjoy'd great privileges, one whereof was, that it never gelded. For says Domesday, Cau∣na nunquam geldavit, ergo nescitur quot sunt hidae ibidem.

Not far from Caln is Cummerford,* 1.26 probably the Cynemæresford of the Saxon Chronicle, call'd by Florence of Worcester Kimeresford; where Aethel∣mund, Earl of Mercia, making an inroad into the country of the West-Saxons, was met by Werstan Earl of Wiltshire; between whom was a bloody battle, wherein both Commanders lost their lives; but the victory fell to the Wiltshire-men. Upon second thoughts, the circumstances of that action agree more exactly to this place, than* 1.27 to Kempsford in Glocestershire; for setting aside, that the Saxon name is more easily melted into Cummerford, Higden tells us it was out of the bounds of Mercia, Ethel∣mundus (says he) fines suos egressus, usque ad vadum Chimeresford; and if so, it cannot be in Glocester∣shire. If there is (as I have been told) a large en∣trenchment near this Cummerford, it puts the matter so much the more beyond dispute.

[h] The Avon having receiv'd this little river, goes forward to Chippenham,* 1.28 call'd by Bromton, Urbs Chipenham, one of the chiefest towns in the King∣dom of the West-Saxons, and so very often menti∣on'd in the Histories of those times. That the Church there was founded by one of the Hungerfords (as our Author observes) I am afraid is hardly grounded up∣on any clear authority. The Chappel indeed, yet call'd Hungerford's Chappel, might possibly be founded by Walter Lord Hungerford; for 21 Henr. 6. he ob∣tain'd a licence for the founding of a Chantry in the Chappel of our Lady, within the Parish-Church of this place. Queen Mary in the beginning of her reign granted her Charter to this Corporation, which consists of a Bailiff and 12 Burgesses.

[i] Next is the Devises,* 1.29 call'd by Westminster Visae, and by Walter Hemingford Wysae. That this town was built by Dunwallo King of the Britains, is scarce probable: neither is it easie to imagine that it should be inhabited by the Romans; tho' on the utmost part of Rund-way hill that overlooks the town, there is a square single-trench'd Camp, which seems to point out to us the presence of the Romans in those parts. The Annotator upon the life of King Alfred, has told us upon the authority of Tradition, that the Castle here was built by that King; but we have ground from the best Historians to believe it was built, or at least repair'd by Roger Bishop of Salisbury. Speed says, It was one of the goodliest Ca∣stles in Europe; and Holinshed, That it was the strong∣est hold in England. Which made Ralph Fitz-Stephen, in the war between King Stephen and Mawd the Em∣press, after he had possess'd himself of this Castle, boast, that by the assistance of it he would subject all the Country between London and Winchester. The government of it was formerly look'd upon to be such an honourable post, that it has been accepted by the greatest Lords. It was not so much demo∣lish'd, but that some shew of fortifications were left, till the Civil Wars; when it was besieg'd more than once. And Sir Ralph Hopton's being enclos'd herein by Sir William Waller, occasion'd that memorable battle call'd Rundway-fight, from the Down upon which it was fought, July 13. 1643. Now, all the Fortifications are dismantl'd, and the very top of the Keep (which Leland calls a work of incredible cost) dug up by the Gardiners. The town is a very popu∣lous Corporation, consisting of two great Parishes; and is govern'd by a Mayor, Recorder, &c.

Not far from hence his Heddington,* 1.30 which with∣out doubt was a Roman town, as is evident from the foundations of houses that have been dug up here for a mile together, and the finding of silver and copper coins of several Roman Emperors; some of which are given by Mr. John Aubrey to the Royal Society, and to Ashmole's Musaeum in Oxford. These circumstances, and the situation of this Heddington on the exact road between Bath and Marlborough, made the learned Commentator on ••. Alfred's life conclude this to be the Verlucio of Antoninus, plac'd by him 15 miles from Aquae Solis, and 20 from Cunetio. But Hed∣dington not being above 12 from Bath, and but 10 from Marleburgh, we must† 1.31 look for Verlucio in some other place.

South from hence is Steeple-Lavington or East-La∣vington, commonly call'd Market Lavington,* 1.32 from the great Corn-market weekly kept here on Wednesday. How long it has been a market-town does not pre∣cisely appear; but in the 35 Henr. 6. William de Beauchamp Lord St. Amond bequeath'd his body to be bury'd in the Chappel of the Chantry of this place, and at his death, which happen'd in the same year, was seiz'd, among several other Lordships in Wilt∣shire, of Cheping Lavington; which, according to Mr. Camden's observation in Chippenham, is the same with Market-Lavington; and if so, it has been a market above these 200 years at least. The manour belongs now to the Right honourable James Earl of Abingdon; as doth also the next village call'd West-Lavington, or Lavington Episcopi, where his Lordship hath a very pleasant seat, finely accommodated with a park, gardens, a grotto, and several other conve∣niences. It came to him by marriage with the late incomparable Lady Eleonora, one of the daughters of Sir Henry Lee by Ann his wife, to whom it descend∣ed as heiress to the Danvers's and Danteseys, who had been Lords of this manour for many generati∣ons, two of whom founded and liberally endow'd the Free-school and Almshouses in this town.

In this Parish is Littleton-Painell,* 1.33 now an obscure village, tho' heretofore a market-town; which pri∣vilege was obtain'd for it 12 Edward 2. by John Lord Paganel or Painel.

The next river the Avon receives is the Were, which runs not far from Westbury,* 1.34 a small Mayor-town that probably arose out of the ruines of the old Roman one, about half a mile north; which without doubt was once very famous, as appears by the great quantities of Roman coins that have been here found. If the Verlucio of Antoninus were settl'd here, the distances from Aquae Solis and Cunetio bet∣ter agreeing in this town than any other, would ju∣stifie such a conjecture. And Holinshed calls the ri∣vulet that runs near it Were: which might give name to the town seated upon it, Verlucio. The new name Westbury, is purely Saxon; and it was natural enough for them to give this name to a town which they found to be the most considerable in these western parts; calling it by way of eminency Westanbyrig; in the same manner as they did the great neighbour∣ing wood known by the name of Selwood: for some Copies of the Saxon Annals read it simply Westan∣puda, others Westan-Sele-puda.

[k] Near Westbury is a village call'd Leigh, or Ley,* 1.35 which is most probably the place where K. Alfred encamp'd the night before he set upon the Danes at Eddington. For the name comes very near it, it be∣ing an easie mistake for the Saxon Scribe to write Æglea for æt Lea: here is also a field call'd Courtfield, and a garden adjoyning encompass'd with a moat; and a tradition goes that here was a palace of one of the Saxon Kings. Clay-hill by the sound might bid fair enough for this Aeglea;* 1.36 but then it would have been a piece of very ill conduct in King Aelfred to have pitcht his tent upon such a high place, visible from all parts of the Country, when he intended to surprize the enemy. So that it is more likely he march'd along this vale, which was then over-spread with woods that were a part of Selwood-forest. Be∣side, Clay-hill shows no marks of any trenches, or such like; and is too far from Eddington, where the fight was in the fields between the town and Bratton-castle; which without doubt was the fortification whi∣ther the Danes fled after their rout, and held out a siege of 14 days. For it is seated upon the extremity of a high hill which commands all the country, being encompass'd with two deep ditches and rampires proportionable. The form of it is oval, in length 350 paces, and almost 200 broad in the widest part. Near the middle of it is a large oblong barrow, 60

paces long, prabably the burying-place of some of the Danish Nobility here slain. Within this vast En∣trenchment, there have been several pieces of old Iron-armour plough'd up. It hath but two entrances, fortify'd with out-works; the one toward the south-east, opening to the plain; the other toward the north-east, leading directly down to Eddington.

[l] North from hence is Trubridge,* 1.37 the Saxon name whereof, our Author tells us, is Truþabrig, and upon that interprets it a firm or true bridge. Where he met with the name, I know not; but 'tis much more probable, that the right name is Trol∣bridge; for, beside the natural melting of l into u, there is a Tithing in the Liberty and Parish call'd Trol, and a large Common near it of the same name. Also in a Manuscript History of Britain (which is a Compendium of Geffrey of Monmouth) the place is written Trolbridge; where 'tis said to have been built by Molmutius.

[m] Next is Bradford,* 1.38 a town of good note for the cloathing trade; which beside the fight mention∣ed by Mr. Camden, was famous in the Saxon times for the Monastery built here by Aldhelm, and de∣stroy'd in the Danish wars; as also upon the account of a Synod probably held here, A. D. 964. in which S. Dunstan was elected Bishop of Worcester.

[n] The west limit of this Shire runs by Farley-castle,* 1.39 which tho' in Somersetshire, yet part of the Park belonging to it lyes in Wiltshire: and in this part, not many years ago, there was dug up a Ro∣man pavement of Chequer-work, a piece whereof was given to Ashmole's Musaeum in Oxford by Mr. Aubrey.

[o] Southward from hence upon the western li∣mit, we go by Longleat,* 1.40 the noble seat of the hono∣rable Thomas Thynne Lord Viscount Weymouth; to Mere,* 1.41 so call'd probably from being a Mearc or Land-mark; for it is near the borders of Wiltshire, Somersetshire, and Dorsetshire. In the neighbourhood of this town and Stourton, are 4 Entrenchments, one of which in Stourton-park is double-ditch'd, and call'd by Leland Whiteshole-hill, probably the Camp of the Danes in one of the battels at Pen.

* 1.42[p] Upon the little river Deverill, is Werminster, by Camden thought to be the Verlucio of Antoni∣nus: but that opinion is not back'd with Coins or other remains of the Romans that have been disco∣ver'd there; and beside, we have shewn before, that Westbury is a more probable place. Concerning it's state in the Saxon times, I think our Historians are silent; only we may observe, that upon the Downs on the east-side of the town, there are two Camps; the one call'd Battle-bury, having double-works, and so probably Danish; the other Scratchbury, a square single trench'd fortification.

[q] About 3 miles to the east, is Heitsbury,* 1.43 where Walter Lord Hungerford, Lord High Treasurer of England, founded an Hospital for 12 poor men and one woman; with an allowance for a Chaplain, who was likewise to be Warden, and to teach a Free-school. But this being not fully perform'd in his life-time, Margaret, his son Robert Lord Hungerford's widow, effected it; and it remains to this day.

[r] Farther down upon the river Willey is Yanes∣bury,* 1.44 which 'tis something strange our Author should affirm to be a Roman Camp (which were for the most part square, and had only a single vallum,) when he tells us at the same time, this has a double∣ditch; a way of encamping not observ'd by any Au∣thor to have been us'd by that nation. It's being so very like Bratton-castle, only something bigger, and of an oval form, would induce one to believe it Da∣nish. The length of it is 360 paces, and it has three entrances, one toward the north, another toward the south, and a third (which is the principal, and fortify'd with out-works after the Danish fashion,) toward the east.

* 1.45[s] From hence the Willey runs to Wilton, prov'd to have been formerly call'd Ellandune from the Re∣cords quoted by our Author, from the* 1.46 Monast. An∣glicanum, and from Brian Twine's MS. Collections; where we find, Ellendinia, or Ellenduna, that is El∣lenge donne, or a place naked, desolate, or wild; from hence is Wyldton or Wylddoun: and he tells us imme∣diately after, that he takes Ellendune to be Salisbury-plain. But in what language is it that Ellan or El∣lendge signifie wild, or in what age was Wilton call'd Wyldton or Wyld-down? Notwithstanding these autho∣rities, the circumstances of King Egbert's battel with Beornwulf, make the opinion suspicious; for 'tis not probable that Egbert, the most powerful Prince in the Island, should let an enemy make an inroad into the very heart of his kingdom without any opposi∣tion. And 'tis as unaccountable, why none of our Historians should tell us the battel was fought at Wil∣ton, when it is plain the town was known by this name long before that time. To place Ellendune here, is perhaps as unreasonable, as Bromton's settling it in Middlesex. But if the authority of the† 1.47 Winchester Annals may be allowed in this case, the controversie is clearly enough decided. For they tell us expresly, this fight was at Ellendun,* 1.48 a mannour belonging to the Prior of Winchester: now this can be no other place than Elingdon near Highworth (upon the bor∣ders of the Mercian kingdom,) which once belong'd to the Monastery of S. Swithin.

[t] We come next to Salisbury,* 1.49 the old Sorbiodu∣num;* 1.50 which our Author, upon the information of a Welshman, affirms to signifie a dry hill, in that lan∣guage. Yet those who are Masters of that Tongue, cannot discover any thing in it, that both answers the sound of Sorbiodunum, and can possibly be wrest∣ed to that sense. The Saxons indeed, seem to have drawn their Searesbyrig from this quality of the soil, searan in that language signifying to dry; but without having any eye to the old Sorbiodunum: which I take to be a more probable original than ei∣ther Hollingshed's derivation of it from Salisbury in Germany, or John Ross's, from a tower built here by Julius Caesar, which he says might be call'd Cae∣saris burgus, and so corrupted into Sarisburge; as Cae∣sar Augusta in Spain into Sarogosa. But setting aside that Julius Caesar did not pursue his victories thus far, that denomination is not warranted by any Author; and to be sure Antoninus would have us'd the true genuine Roman name, if there had been any such.

[u] How it came by the name Severia,* 1.51 I cannot certainly tell; but 'tis possible enough, that Severus the Emperor living most of his time in Britaine, might sometimes reside here; and either by re-edi∣fying the town, or doing some other memorable thing at it, might derive upon it that name, which occasion'd the calling of this County Severnia, and Provincia Severorum. However, that it was much frequented in the times of the later Emperors, appears by the Coins of Constans, Magnentius, Constantine, and Crispus, found there.

[w] In the Saxon times,* 1.52 between Cynric's taking it, and K. Egbert's age, we meet with no mention of it: but this Prince very often resided here; and K. Edgar call'd here a Parliament or Great Council A. 960. After the Conquest it flourish'd mightily; the Norman Kings very commonly living, and some∣times holding their Parliaments here.

[x] The insolence of the Garrison,* 1.53 hinted to by our Author, was, no doubt, one great cause of their removing. For the Castle, which formerly belong'd to the Bishop, was upon the difference between King Stephen and Bishop Roger, seis'd by the King, who plac'd a Governour and a garrison in it. But that be∣ing look'd upon as a violation of the Liberties of the Church, gave occasion for frequent differences; by which the Bishop and Canons were induc'd to the thoughts of removing into a place where they might be less disturb'd. This was projected by Herebertus Pauper (the brother and immediate predecessor of Richard Poor) in the reign of Richard 1. But that King dying before the design could be effected, and the turbulent reign of K. John ensuing, they were forc'd to lay aside the thoughts of it till Henry 3.'s reign, wherein it was reviv'd and completed by Richard Poor. Not but Mr. Camden is in the right when he tells us that the citizens, for the causes by him mention'd, began by degrees to remove from Old Sarum in the reign of Richard 1. And this serves to correct those, who think that the Bishop and Cler∣gy

remov'd first, and that the Citizens follow'd; or, at least, that they remov'd about the same time.

[y] The foundation of the New-Cathedral* 1.54 was begun the 4th of the Calends of May, A. D. 1220. for the more effectual carrying on whereof, we find that Bishop Poor in his Constitutions, recommended to all Priests in his Diocese, the putting dying per∣sons in mind of a charitable contribution to this in∣tended fabrick. But a distinct account of those mat∣ters may in due time be expected from Mr. Tanner's larger History of this Church and County; whose great abilities, and the model he has already drawn of it, encourage us to hope for a more complete and accurate Work than any thing of that kind the world has yet seen: the Undertaker not contenting him∣self with a bare account of Families, but so contriving the whole, as to include both British, Roman, Saxon, and Danish Antiquities; with something of Natural History.* 1.55

[z] Only, I cannot omit taking notice of an er∣ror observ'd in our Author by the present worthy and learned Dean of this place. It has (says Mr. Cam∣den) 33 Prebendaries: and when he wrote this, 'tis very possible there might be but 33 Prebends actual∣ly full; tho' the succession about that time is deli∣ver'd so imperfectly, that there is only room for conjecture. But whatever might cause the mistake, 'tis certain when Mr. Camden wrote, that there were 41 single Prebends in this Church, besides four annex'd to the Dignities of the Bishop, Dean, Chan∣cellour, and Treasurer. When the Church of New-Sarum was built, it had 50. besides those annex'd as aforesaid; but by suppression of 5, dissolution of 2, and alienation of two more, they were reduc'd to this number. There were 5 more alienated, but 5 others were erected in their stead, of which Mr. Camden himself had that of Ilfarcomb for above 30 years.

[aa] The other ornaments of this place, in short, are, the Cloyster (said by Leland to be the most magnificent in England,) the Library built by Bi∣shop Jewel, with the Chapter-house of a large octa∣gonal figure, and sustain'd only by a small marble pillar in the middle; as also the College built and endow'd by Bishop Ward for 10 Minister's widows.

In that part of the Suburbs of Salisbury call'd Harn∣ham, stood the College de Vaulx, which was built by Giles de Bridport, Bishop of this place, An. Dom. 1260. for the entertainment of several Scholars who retir'd hither upon account of some disturbances at Oxford. Here they study'd University-Learning; and having a testimonial from their Chancellour of their progress in Learning, frequently went to Oxford and took their Degrees. And so they continu'd even till Le∣land's time, who speaking of it, has these words: That part of these Scholars remain in the College in Sares∣byri, and have two Chaplains to serve the Church there dedicated to S. Nicholas: the residue study at Oxford, &c.

Beyond this is the great Bridge call'd Harnham∣bridge,* 1.56 which was built by virtue of a privilege that Richard Poor obtain'd of Henry 3. when New-Sarum was incorporated, viz. Quod ad emendationem ejusdem civitatis, vias & pontes ad eam ducentes mutent, & transferant, & faciant sicut viderint expedire, salvo jure cujuslibet. In pursuance of which power, Robert Bingham, his next successor, built this stately Bridge, An. 1245. which I the rather take notice of, because it made such a considerable alteration in Wilton, and this place; for by bringing the great Western road this way, the first presently decay'd, and the latter (which by the by,‖ 1.57 Matthew Westminster reckons as a County of it self distinct from Wiltshire) dayly im∣prov'd.

[bb] The Earldom of this place, which was be∣stow'd upon the Cecils in the reign of James 1. has continu'd in that family ever since, and is now pos∣sess'd by James of that name.

Not far from this place is West-Deane,* 1.58 the seat of Sir John Evelyn Knight, of the Surrey-family; and now devolv'd to a daughter, is in the possession of the Right honorable Evelyn Earl of Kingston.

[cc] Going along with the Avon, we pass by Langford,* 1.59 the stately seat of the honorable Henry Hare, Viscount Colerain in Ireland, a great admi∣rer of Antiquities; then by Clarendon,* 1.60 in the Park whereof are the footsteps of two Royal Palaces, King-manour and Queen-manour. Besides the famous Parlia∣ment held here, temp. Hen. 2. there was another sum∣mon'd to meet here by King Edw. 2. Anno 1317. but the differences at that time between the King and the Barons were so high, that nothing of any moment was transacted. This place was honour'd in the time of Charles 2. by giving the title of Earl to Edward Hide, Baron of Hindon, Viscount Cornbury, and Lord Chancellor of England; who dying at Roan in Nor∣mandy, was succeeded by his eldest son Henry.

Not far from Clarendon is Farle,* 1.61 where Sir Stephen Fox, one of their Majesties Commissioners of the Treasury, out of a respect to his native place, has founded a Hospital for 6 old men and as many old women; with a Master who is to teach a Free-school here, and to officiate in the Church, which he also built from the ground a new, (in room of an old ruin'd Chappel) and made it Parochial.

Northward of this is Frippsbury,* 1.62 a very great en∣trenchment of a rude circular form, it's Diameter containing 300 large paces; it is single-trench'd, but the ditch is deep and the rampire high. Only, about 80 paces within the outer circumvallation, is a deep trench without a rampire. It has only two en∣trances, one by east and the other on the west; and there is some probability of it's being Saxon.

[dd] About 7 miles north of New-Salisbury is Stone-henge;* 1.63 a piece of Antiquity so famous, as to have gain'd the admiration of all ages, and engag'd the pens of some very considerable Authors. 'Tis of it self so singular, and receives so little light from history, that almost every one has advanc'd a new notion. To give the several conjectures, with some short remarks, is as much as the narrow compass of our design will allow. But not to hunt after such uncertainties, and in the mean time pass over what lays before our eyes; we will premise a description of the place as it now stands, much more distinct than what Mr. Camden has left us. It is situated on a rising ground,* 1.64 envi∣ron'd with a deep trench, still appearing and about 30 foot broad. From the plain it has had three entran∣ces, the most considerable lying north-east; at each of which was rais'd on the out-side of the trench two huge stones gate-wise; parallel whereunto, on the in∣side, were two others of less proportion. After one has pass'd this ditch, he ascends 35 yards before he comes at the Work it self, which consists of 4 Circles of Stones. The outward Circle is about 100 foot dia∣meter, the stones whereof are very large, 4 yards in height, 2 in breadth, and 1 in thickness. Two yards and a half within this great Circle, is a range of les∣ser stones. Three yards farther is the principal part of the work, call'd by Mr. Jones The Cell, of an irre∣gular figure made up of two rows of stones; the outer of which consists of great upright stones in height 20 foot, in breadth 2 yards, and in thickness one yard. These are coupl'd at the top by large transome stones like Architraves, which are 7 foot long, and about three and a half thick. Within this was also another range of lesser Pyramidal stones of about 6 foot in height. In the inmost part of the Cell, Mr. Jones observ'd a stone (which is now gone) appearing not much above the surface of the earth and lying toward the east, 4 foot broad and sixteen foot long; which was his suppos'd Altar-stone.

And so much for the structure and dimensions of the Monument; only it may in general be observ'd, that the stones are not artificial, as Mr. Camden and some others would perswade us, but purely natural, as Mr. Jones, p. 35. has asserted. The opinions about it may be reduc'd to these 7 heads; 1. That it is a work of the Phoenicians, as Mr. Sammes in his Bri∣tannia conceits; a conjecture that has met with so little approbation, that I shall not stay to confute it. 2. That it was a Temple of the Druids long before the coming in of the Romans; which Mr. John Au∣brey, Fellow of the Royal Society, endeavours to prove in his Manuscript Treatise, entitl'd Monumenta Britannica. 3. That it was an old Triumphal British Monument, erected to Anaraith the Goddess of Vi∣ctory, after a bloody battel won by the illustrious

Stanings and his Cangick Giants, from Divitiacus and his Belgae; and that the Captives and Spoils were sacrific'd to the said Idol in this Temple. An opini∣on advanc'd (upon what grounds I know not) in an anonymous MS. writ about the year 1666, and now in the hands of the learned Mr. Andrew Paschal, Rector of Chedzoy near Bridgewater. 4. That it was a monument rais'd by the Britains in memory of Queen Boadicia; advanc'd by the Author of Nero-Caesar. 5. That it was a Temple built by the Ro∣mans to the God Coelum or Terminus, of the Tuscan order; is Mr. Jones's, in his ingenious Conjecture up∣on this subject. 6. That it was the burial-place of Uther Pendragon, Constantine, Ambrosius, and other British Kings; or as others would have it, a monu∣ment erected by Ambrosius in memory of the Bri∣tains here slain. 7. That it was a Danish monument, erected either for a burial-place, a trophy for some victory, or a place for the election and coronation of their Kings.

* 1.65These are all the opinions have been advanc'd about it. And in general, I should think one need make no scruple to affirm that it is a British monu∣ment, since it does not appear that any other nation had so much footing in this kingdom, as to be Au∣thors of such a rude and yet magnificent pile. For, to pass by the Phoenicians; that it could not be built by the Romans, is evident from the rudeness of the whole work. So that (as* 1.66 Mr. Aubrey has very well observ'd) whilst Mr. Jones pleases himself with retriev∣ing a piece of Architecture out of Vitruvius, he abuses his reader by a false scheme of the whole work. For the Cell is not of an exact Hexagonal figure, but very ir∣regular, and comes nearer a Heptagon; so that the whole work cannot be form'd upon the basis of four equilateral triangles, as Mr. Jones suppos'd. Neither are the entrances into the trench so regular and so equidistant, as that Author would make them. Till these and some other doubts (which may be rais'd from the order of the building) be resolv'd, and till we are assur'd from good authority, that the Romans us'd to build such stupendous piles, 6 or 7 miles from any of their Stations, without any Inscription or any Roman coin ever found near them; it cannot be safe to close with Mr. Jones, tho' his book otherwise be a learned and ingenious piece.

* 1.67Nor could it be built by the Danes, as for many other reasons, so particularly because 'tis mention'd in some Manuscripts of Ninnius, who, as every body knows, wrote almost 200 years before the Danes were Masters of any considerable part of this Island. Other arguments that make against this, may be had from Mr. Webb's Vindication of Stonehenge restor'd, in which he hath endeavour'd with a great deal of Learning, to defend his father-in-law, Mr. Jones's Scheme; tho' that be in it self false.

One great argument by which Mr. Jones establish∣es his own opinion, is, that 'tis a thing altogether improbable, the Britains could build such a Monu∣ment. But the contrary is evident from the fortifica∣tions of Caratacus's Camp; from the vast stones men∣tion'd by Dr. Plott to be in or near the British city or fortification by Wrottesley in Staffordshire; and from the parcels of stones (not unlike Stonehenge) that are in some parts of Scotland and Wales, whi∣ther the Romans and Danes never came. 'Tis true, those monuments have not their Architraves, (which Stonehenge has not only in the stones round the Cell, but also on the great stones of the utmost circle;) and this makes it probable, that Stonehenge was built after the Romans came in, and in imitation of some of their structures; tho' as to the general part of the work, it appears to have been inartificial, and sa∣vours of their primitive rudeness. For that the Bri∣tains, among other parts of humanity and neat living, learn'd something of Architecture from the Romans, is plain from the life of Agricola.

* 1.68In that other point, the occasion upon which it was built, 'tis easier to confute those opinions that have already appear'd, than to deliver a true one. There is no authority to convince a man of the truth of what Nero Caesar, or Mr. Paschal's MS. have laid d••wn; and 'tis hard, to assent to the later British Writers, who tell us 'twas the sepulchre of the British Kings, or else rais'd in memory of the Britains here massacr'd by the Saxons. For, not to mention the improbability of what those Authors have deliver'd, they tell us farther, that the Kings bury'd, or Britains martyr'd in this place, were Christians. Now 'tis strange, if so, there should be no Cross, nor any other token of the Christian Faith, upon this monu∣ment. What reason can be given why the surviving friends of these Princes and Noblemen should not be so careful of their memory, as they of the same age were of King Arthur's, in whose monument at Glas∣senbury was found so distinct an Inscription? But what makes more against this opinion, are the ashes and pieces of burnt bone here frequently found; by which it is plain, it was no Christian burial∣place; since sacrifices and the custom of burning the dead grew out of use, upon the receiving of the Christian Faith.

For the name;* 1.69 Leland's opinion that the British one Choir gaure should not be translated Chorea gigan∣tum, but Chorea nobilis, or else that gaure is put for vaure, which makes it Chorea magna; is probable enough. But the true Saxon name seems to be Stan∣hengest (and so it is writ in the† 1.70 Monasticon, out of a Manuscript of good authority.) from the me∣morable slaughter Hengist the Saxon here made of the Britains. For tho' 'tis not very probable th••t they were erected by Ambrosius in memory of the Britains, yet without doubt that treacherous slaughter was committed at or near this place. If this Etymology may be allow'd, that receiv'd derivation from the hanging of stones, may be as far from the truth, as that of the vulgar, Stone-edge from Stones set on edge. How∣ever, it is not like that by the Heeþanne Byrgelse mention'd in the Saxon Chartulary of Wilton-Abbey, Stone-henge is to be meant, as the Editors of the Monasticon would have it. For not only the words may be attributed to any barrow rais'd by the Romans or Danes (the latter especially who are of∣ten call'd in the Saxon Annals Haeþene men, and ac∣cordingly by Latin Writers Pagani;) but also the bounds of those places where this Paganorum sepulchre∣tum is noted for a Land-mark, could never extend so far by a great many miles as to Stone-henge.

[ee] But now it is time to pass over the river, up∣on whose banks is Ambresbury,* 1.71 call'd by Matthew Westminster Pagus Ambri, famous for the Monastery of 300 Monks, founded here by Ambrosius on pur∣pose that they should pray for the souls of those that were slain by the treachery of Hengist: as also for being the burial-place of Quinever wife to the victori∣ous King Arthur, whose tomb was found here with∣in this last Century, and this Inscription on the wall in massy-gold letters R. G. A. C. 600. the antiquity of which is very suspicious, not only because by this computation she must have liv'd almost 50 years after K. Arthur; but also because several Historians of good credit affirm that she was bury'd at Glassenbury. Here was a Synod held in King Edgar's reign; and A. D. 995. Elfrick was elected Archbishop of Canterbury at this place. It enjoy'd great Privileges at the time of the Conquest; for in Domesday-book we find, Amblesbury nunquam geldavit, nec hidata fuit. In the year 1177. the Abbess and 30 Nuns were for their in∣continence and loose lives expell'd, and dispers'd into other Religious Houses, to be kept under stricter discipline; whereupon King Henry gave this Mona∣stery to the Abbey of Fontevralt, and so a Convent of those Nuns were sent over the same year, and ad∣mitted into full possession of this Abbey. After, it came to be in great repute, and not only Q. Eleanor was Nun here; but also Mary, daughter of K. Edw. 1. and 13 Noblemen's daughters were veil'd here on Assumption-day A. D. 1285.

[ff] Next is Everley* 1.72 or Eburlegh, the country-seat of King Ina, above which in the way to Lurgeshall, on the highest hill in Wiltshire, call'd Suthbury-hill, is a vast fortification encompass'd with two deep ditches, and of an oval figure. All along the declivity of the hill, there runs a deep trench ditch'd on both sides, made probably to secure their communication with some watering place in the neighbouring Bourn. It

certainly appears to have been a Danish Camp, where∣by they seem to have commanded all this part of the Country; and 6 or 7 barrows in the plain be∣neath may be thought to preserve the memory of a battle here.

Near this place is Escourt,* 1.73 where (not far from a great Causey suppos'd to be a Roman Vicinal way) there was dug up last summer a large earthen vessel with two lesser pots in it, [ 1693] one of which was full of ashes, or bones. The largest of these might probably be an* 1.74 Obruendarium of the Romans, where∣in they inclos'd their Vascula Cineraria, &c.

About four miles north of this place is Great-Bed∣wyn, which in the Saxon times† 1.75 was a Metropolis of the bounds of Cissa, a Viceroy of Wiltshire and Berkshire under the King of the West-Saxons. This Cissa built a Castle in the south part of that city, and call'd it Cisse, the ditches of which are yet to be seen. Here it was that Wulfere and Escwin fought a bloody battle, An. 675. and the place has been lately ho∣nour'd, by giving to the world the most famous Physician of his time Dr. Thomas Willis. Not far from hence eastward is Tokenham,* 1.76 the best seat of his Grace the Duke of Somerset.

Being now return'd to the banks of the Avon, we meet with Uphaven,* 1.77 for which Peter de Manly pro∣cur'd a weekly market of Henry 3. by presenting to him a Palfrey. About a mile to the west is a large irregular Camp call'd Casterley:* 1.78 it has but a single trench, and the name seems to point out to us some∣thing of Roman.

About 2 miles north-west is Merdon,* 1.79 which might probably enough be the Meretune or Meredune of the Saxon Annals, famous for the battle between King Etheldred and the Danes. For here remain to this day the marks of entrenchments, and the largest barrow in these parts, except Silbury; together with a tradition of a sight, and of some great man's be∣ing bury'd under the barrow.

[gg] But Silbury* 1.80 is the largest and most uniform barrow in this County, and perhaps in all England. Upon what account it was rais'd we have no light from antiquity; the tradition is, that King Sill or King Silber was here bury'd, which if compar'd with History, comes nearest to Ceol King of the West-Saxons, who might possibly be slain hereabouts, as his Uncle and Predecessor Ceaulin was slain at Wodens∣dike; unless one should say that it comes from sel great and beorg a hill or barrow. And since our Au∣thor from this hint makes a digression about Barrows,* 1.81 we may also take notice that there are several sorts of them upon these Downs. 1. Small circular trenches with very little elevation in the middle. 2. Ordina∣ry barrows. 3. Barrows with ditches round them. 4. Large oblong barrows, some with trenches round them, others without. 5. Oblong barrows with stones set up all round them. There are grounds to believe that few or none of these are land-marks, as Mr. Camden would have them.

About half a mile from Silbury, is Aubury,* 1.82 * 1.83 a mo∣nument more considerable in it self, than known to the world. For a village of the same name being built within the circumference of it, and (by the by) out of it's stones too; what by gardens, orchards, in∣closures, and such like, the prospect is so interrupted, that 'tis very hard to discover the form of it. It is environ'd with an extraordinary Vallum or Rampart, as great and as high as that at Winchester; and with∣in it is a graff of a depth and breadth proportiona∣ble: from which Mr. Aubrey inferrs, that it could not be design'd for a fortification, because then the Graff would have been on the outside. From the north to the south port are 60 paces, and as many from the west port to the east. The breadth of the Rampart is 4 perches, and that of the graff the same. The graff has been surrounded all along the edge of it, with large stones pitch'd on end, most of which are now taken away; but some marks remaining give one the liberty to guess they stood quite round.

From this place to West-Kennet,† 1.84 is a walk that has been enclos'd on each side with large stones, on∣ly one side at present wants a great many, but the other is almost, if not quite entire; above which place, on the brow of the hill, is another Monu∣ment, encompass'd with a circular trench, and a double circle of stones, four or five foot high, tho' most of them are now fallen down; the diameter of the outer circle 40 yards, and of the inner 15. Be∣tween West-Kennet and this place is a walk much like that from Aubury thither, at least a quarter of a mile in length.

About 80 yards from this monument, in an exact plain round it, there were some years ago great quan∣tities of humane bones and skeletons dug up; which probably were the bones of the Saxons and Danes slain at the battle of Kennet, A. D. 1006.

In the plough'd field near Kennet, stand three huge upright stones, call'd the Devil's coits;* 1.85 which (if‖ 1.86 Dr. Plot's opinion be true) may be British Deities.

Upon the south-side of the Kennet, on the east part of the Martensall-hill,* 1.87 is a single-trench'd quadrangu∣lar Camp; the form whereof argues it to be Ro∣man, and a brass Coin of Constantine which was found near this hill, strengthens the conjecture.

On the north side of the Avon there are barrows, &c. scattered all over the Downs, a particular ac∣count whereof may be expected in the design'd Hi∣story of Wiltshire. That large oblong barrow in Munkton-field, call'd Milbarrow,* 1.88 is more especially remarkable, as being environ'd with great stones about 6 or 7 foot high. And as in this, so in all other circumstances, it is so like those which† 1.89 Wor∣mius describes, that there is no doubt, but it was the Sepulcher of some Danish Commander.

About four miles north from hence is Barbury-castle,* 1.90 seated on the top of a high hill, and encompass'd with a double ditch; the vast fortification whereof, the barrows on the adjacent plain, the similitude of names, the course and time of the Saxon Victories, with all other circumstances, seem to point out this as the Beranbyrig, where Kynrick King of the West-Saxons and his son Ceaulin, fought against the Britains, in the year 556. Besides, the modern name of this place comes a great deal nearer to Beranbyrig, than Banbury doth, where Mr. Camden fixes that battle. For it is observable, that (an) when it is in the se∣cond syllable of a place's Saxon-name, is generally left out in our modern pronunciation. So Baddanbyrig is now Badbury, Merantune now Merton, Ottanford now Otford, Exanceaster now Excester. Nor does it appear in the least probable, that the Saxons should have carry'd their Conquests so far as the borders of Northamptonshire by that year. The name of Banes∣byrig us'd by our Author is not to be found in any Copy of the Saxon Chronicle; so that an argument drawn from thence is of no force.

[hh] Our next place is Marleburh,* 1.91 by the Saxon Annals call••d Maerlebeorge, probably the Cunetio* 1.92 of Antoninus. For the Castle seems to have been a Roman work, by the brass Roman Coins found in shaping the Mount, now belonging to the Duke of Somerset, which was contriv'd out of the Keep of the Castle. Notwithstanding our Author's assertion, it was probably of some note in the Saxon-times, as appears by the reverse of a* 1.93 Saxon Coin, on which is engraven CVH NET TI. and the learned Annotator's observation, that it is to be meant of Cu∣netium. After the Conquest, the Castle here was of∣ten besieg'd in the Civil Wars.

The place has afforded the title of Earl* 1.94 to James Lord Ley, Lord High Treasurer of England, created Febr. 5. 1 Car. 1. to whom succeeded his son and grandson; but the latter being slain without issue in the sea-sight against the Dutch, 1665. the honour came to William his Uncle, who dy'd without issue. It has of late been conferr'd upon John Lord Churchill, who now enjoys it.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Appen∣dix to the 2. Tome of ••he English ••torians.
• * 1.2

  Thamisis, not from a conjunction of Thame and Isis.
• * 1.3

  Wans••••
• † 1.4

  Mo•• Ang••••••
• * 1.5

  Wod••••¦burg••
• * 1.6

  ••on.
• * 1.7

  ••klade.
• * 1.8

  ••ecem ••ptores. ••4. l. 59.
• * 1.9

  ••a Re∣•• Alfredi.
• * 1.10

  ••way.
• * 1.11

  ••well.
• * 1.12

  ••r. MS.
• * 1.13

  ••on.
• * 1.14

  ••cil. ••1. p.
• * 1.15

  W Kington
• † 1.16

  Aubr. MS
• * 1.17

  Slaughten∣ford.
• * 1.18

  Ibid.
• * 1.19

  Malmsbury
• † 1.20

  Monast. Angl. T. 1•• p. 97.
• * 1.21

  Dantesey.
• * 1.22

  Braden∣stoke.
• * 1.23

  Oldbury-hill.
• * 1.24

  Aubr. MS.
• * 1.25

  Caln.
• * 1.26

  Cummer∣ford.
• * 1.27

  Glossar. ad Chron. Sax.
• * 1.28

  Chippen∣ham.
• * 1.29

  Devises.
• * 1.30

  Hedding∣ton.
• † 1.31

  See ••••••¦ward.
• * 1.32

  Laving•••••• East.
• * 1.33

  L••ttl••••••••-Pain••••••.
• * 1.34

  Westb••••••
• * 1.35

  Ley.
• * 1.36

  Aeg••••.
• * 1.37

  ••••••••••dge.
• * 1.38

  ••••dford.
• * 1.39

  ••ley-••tle.
• * 1.40

  ••gleat.
• * 1.41

  ••e.
• * 1.42

  ••min∣••
• * 1.43

  ••sbury.
• * 1.44

  ••esbury.
• * 1.45

  ••on.
• * 1.46

  ••m. 2. •• 8••1.
• † 1.47

  Monast. Angl. tom. 1. p. 31.
• * 1.48

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••••••d ••h••
• * 1.49

  Salisbury.
• * 1.50

  Sorbiodu∣num.
• * 1.51

  Severia.
• * 1.52

  It's Condi∣tion in the Saxon times.
• * 1.53

  Cause of the remo∣val.
• * 1.54

  New Ca∣thedral.
• * 1.55

  Number of Prebends.
• * 1.56

  Harnham∣bridge.
• ‖ 1.57

  Vid. p. 200. & Monast. Angl. t. 1. p. 197.
• * 1.58

  West-Dean.
• * 1.59

  Langford.
• * 1.60

  Clarend••••
• * 1.61

  Farle.
• * 1.62

  Fripps••••••••
• * 1.63

  Stone-henge.
• * 1.64

  Stone-henge ••¦scrib••e
• * 1.65

  ••nehenge ••itish.
• * 1.66

  ••en. Brit. S.
• * 1.67

  Danish.
• * 1.68

  ••henge ••at end
• * 1.69

  Name of Stonehenge.
• † 1.70

  Tom. 1•• p. 97.
• * 1.71

  Ambres∣bury.
• * 1.72

  Everley.
• * 1.73

  Escourt.
• * 1.74

  Rigaltii observat. in Auctores Agrarios.
• † 1.75

  Monast. Angl. T. 1. p. 97. Hist. Abend.
• * 1.76

  Tokenham.
• * 1.77

  Uphaven.
• * 1.78

  Casterley.
• * 1.79

  Me••don.
• * 1.80

  Silbury.
• * 1.81

  Several sorts of Barrows.
• * 1.82

  Aubury.
• * 1.83

  Aubr. Mo∣nument. Britan. MS.
• † 1.84

  Aubr. ibid. West-Ken∣net.
• * 1.85

  The D•••• coits.
• ‖ 1.86

  Hist. of Oxfordsh ch. 10 S
• * 1.87

  Martensal••
• * 1.88

  Milbarr••
• † 1.89

  Lib. 1••••
• * 1.90

  Barbury-castle.
• * 1.91

  Mar••••
• * 1.92

  Cune••••
• * 1.93

  V••••¦fied. •• n. 3••.
• * 1.94

  Ear••••