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¶ A Description of the wonder∣full vertue of the Bathes at Buckstone.

EVEN as, in our former Treatise, of the Bathes of Bathe, we haue shewed the an∣tiquitie, comoditie, propertie, vse, dyete, Aphorismes, & medicines, with all thinges requisite, in our iudgement, for to bée no∣ted and obserued of all such as ther intend (through knowledge) to séeke any bene∣fite. So, now it resteth that in this Treatice wée expresse lykewise the Benefyte of Buckstons Bathes, or Welles, in the hygh Peke, in the Countie of Darby, ten myles from the woorthie Edifices, Chatsworth .16. myles from Manche∣ster .16. myles from Market Chester field .20. from Darby, 30. from the famouse and auncient Citie Westchester, 30. from the Citie of Lychfield, 30. from Stafford.

Of the origine, of the name, and why it was called Buckstons well, I neyther could reade it in any Authour, nor heare of any as yet. This is asmuch, as I suppose, may bée gathered thereof, that it hath the name of the Towne: and the Towne lykewyse hath the name of some one so cal∣led (for of such there bée diuers) and the Danes and Saxons, aswell as the Britaynes were wont to name their townes after their own names, as it is euidēt of very many places in this lande: and a Saxon, or English name it is, and no Brittish, or Welsh: And therefore, sithence Engistus, it hath his denomination. Howbeit, many yeares past, it was fre∣quented for the health of thousandes, by bathing them: as∣well as it is in these our dayes. For, betwéene Burghe and it, there is an high way forced ouer the moores, all paued,* of such antiquity as none can expresse, called Bathgate: albée it more of a superstitiouse hope they had in thywell, than of Page  [unnumbered]

Moreouer, It is not vnlikely that the stagges or buckes wounded, would take soyle ther, and there the fosters of the forrest, called it Buckstand: but in my iudgement, the for∣mer supposition is more likely. And as for Cottrels tale, or the vayne inuencions about S. Aune found in the well, or of the water fet from flood Iordan. I reckē not them worthy the recitall. Therefore, I will not detayne you with suche tryfles, our dayes being so short: and the reason of the arte, so hard to attayne, (as Hypocrates, 1. lib. Aph. primo sayeth) passing ouer, the distinction of bathes here in this Treatise, and definition of artificiall: bicause in my first booke of the Bathes of Bathe, they be shewed, contenting vs with the naturall.

Naturall bathes be those, which flow throw the entralles of the earth: taking their effect of such things, as they runne thorow,* and receyue power by: for many infirmities moste auaylable. The differences of which hose naturall Bathes of Buckstone, by what meanes, of what mynerals, for what gréefes, infirmities, and sicknes they serue best, shal be pro∣secuted with all possible breuity, as far foorth as herein my iudgement is necessary: séeing that in our seconde Booke of Bathes ayde, you may find such things sufficiently skāned: and therefore vnnéedfull here of repeticion.

First of the chéefe Bathe which is the warmer springe, voyde in effect of all corrupcion, arguing therfore, no great quantitie of brimstone (as in Bathe) nor of allume, as some haue bruted. For then it should not onely bée of another col∣lour, marly yellow, or swarty gréene: but also it might sen∣sibly be perceyued by taste: albeit I acknowledge that Ari∣stotle affirmeth, that there is no such hose spring, without y^e myne of brymston And I think with Fal. & Sauona. Rubr. de therm.* none without firie heat: although the quantitie may Page  2differ: and that may wel appeare. For if the quantitie were equal and like to the mynerals in Bath, the heat of as great force, fortified with like Antiparistasis, and as néere to the head, then it should little in that respect, vary from Bathe. But it séemeth & sure it is so, that Buckstons bathes haue not the fourth part of that heate which the bathes of Bathe haue, nor the other mynerals that bée ther. For Buckstons is much like as if a quart of boyling water were commixed with a galond of cold water. But Bath is, as if too a galond of séething water were put a quart of cold water. By reason wherof, it attrecteth and dissolueth more spéedly. But buck∣stone more swéetly, more delicatly, more finely, more daint∣ly, and more temperatly: not bringing halfe so many grée∣uouse accidentes as Bath doth, yit lesse spéedly: but in pro∣cesse of tyme, very effectuousely, and for many infirmities,* more commodiously, restrayninge vnnaturall issues, and strengthning the féeble members: assisting the animall, vi∣tall, and naturall faculties: dispersing opilacions, and qua∣lifying gréefes.

The well springes be situate in a valley, hard by a run∣ning brooke, and runneth into it. Where at the méeting you may sensibly percegue and féele the hot water on the one syde of the riuer, and the colde on the other. Notwithstan∣ding, so commixed after, that it letteth the riuer of fresshing, in the coldest weather, for the space of a quarter of a myle, an argument of the power of the heate of those springes which be thrée especiall, and those very excellent, and benefi∣ciall for diuers distemperatures, gréefes and sicknesses,* as hereafter shalbe further shewed, God assisting.

But there be fiue or fixe other, although not so good: yet it maye bée presupposed, that if there were boryers, suche as mynerall men vse in searching ore: too meete with the Springes, of somme of the other, that the colde water, which is commixed wyth the hote, myght bée turned away: Page  [unnumbered]that then no doubt,* they would bée more excellent. For that the more cold infirmities, might be cured by them, béeing made more hot. For vndoutedly, as myne one foote should steppe on the hot spring, the other would light on a colde: yea the one finger, I might put in the one, and another in the other, especially in those below.

Ioyning to the chéefe springe, betwene the riuer, and the Bathe, is a very goodly house, foure square, foure stories hye,* so well compacte, with houses of office, beneath and a∣boue, & round about, with a great chambre, and other goodly lodgings, to the number of. 30: that it is and wilbée a bewty to behold: & very notable for the honorable and worshipfull, that shal néede to repaire thither: as also for other. Yea, the porest shal haue lodgings, & beds hard by, for their vses only. The baths also so brauely beutified with seats round about: defended from the ambyent ayre: and chimneys for fyre,

And truely, I suppose that if there were for the sicke a Sanctuarie, during their abode there, for all causes, sauing sacriledge, treason, murther, burglary, rape and robbing by the hye way syde,* with also a lycense for the sicke, to eate fleshe at all tymes, and a fryday market wéeke∣ly, and twoo fayres yéerely, it should be to the posterities, not onely commodiouse, but also to the Prince great honour & gayne. It is situate in a goodly seate, and that in an excel∣lent and hungry soyle, passing healthy, and in tyme would grow, to bée very welthy: and the commons about, would bée reduced to great fertilitie, for the ground on the one side is full of Lyme stones, bringing good grayne: on the other, a fyne black moulde, and a grosse. might the more bée main∣tayned, Page  [unnumbered] Page  3not onely to the great preseruacion of the kingdom but also greater to the princes reuenewe. For foure partes (I dare say) of the land lyeth waste, and common, that might be brought to the publique profit, aswell to the increase of men, money, and municion: as, to the greater terrour of forrayne Dominion, how so euer ydle wittes vse to comon with a Shephardes cloke of their owne framing. Howbée∣it, in winter it is somewhat stormie: but yet nothing lyke Kerby, Kendall, in Cumbreland: nor to Brecknocke in Southwales: nor to Kayer Neruame, in Northwales: nor to Bodnam in Cornewall: all the which notwithstanding, be goodly Townes, and wealthy, and through industrie, made to the state, very profitable, as in tyme no doubt, this would: hauing passing them (as you may perceyue) a thou∣sand partes, a commoditie, vnto the whiche, out of all quar∣ters of the worlde, not without iust cause, would repayre very many, and the rather a great deale being in this sorte furnished, to their benefyte, with a Phisicion, placed conti∣nually, that might not onely counsayle therein how the bet∣ter to vse Gods benefyte: the which, God willing,* shalbe ap∣pointed, but also adapt theire bodyes, makinge artificiall Bathes, by vsing thereof, as the case shall requyre, with ma∣ny other profitable deuyses, hauing all things for that vse, or any other, in a redinesse, for all the degrees, as before it bée longe, it shal be séene, of the noble Earles own performing. All these things layd and grounded, this resteth of vs fur∣ther (as it may) to be discussed, whereof the Bathes take their benefite: and therevppon, what they ease and helpe, as dayly ther is approued, with other things thereto apper∣tayning: the which be the markes we intend to runne at. By comparyson, they be like the pepper Bathe, besyde the heade of them Rhene (as by Fuchsius, in Institucionibus, wée may gather) sauing that the pepper Bathe (sayth Munste∣rus, in Cosmographia sua) continueth so longe, as the spryng∣ginge Page  [unnumbered]hearbes, and grasse, doth remayne, in their florishing force, and vertue. But theise, so longe as the matter féedyng them, doe not fayle. And surely, the swéetnes and pleasant∣nes of the water, of the Bath: sheweth some excellent ore: rather then eyther Brimstone, allume, bitumen, iron, cop∣per, or any other such like, for then, it should in drinking be perceyued, by tast. Of all which tastes, looke in my second booke, of Bathes ayde. Albeit trew it is (as affirmeth Galen de sanit, tuenda) all such hot Bathes, of such minerals haue force of drying: but in these, you shall find no such sence, but so farye, so pleasaunt, and delectable, that it would séeme, to be a dulce Bathe, made by arte, rather then by nature. How beit the effect declares Brimstone to be therein, and therfore I would haue this of you to be noted,* that salt water throw often straining, vpon fresh sand, is made again swéete, I meane tasteles: and so may other waters of other mine∣ralles also, for the ayry part, being purified from the earth∣ly, in this wise, or by Lymbeck returneth againe, too hys owne nature, and so this may: both for bycause the interne heate, is far distant (as we haue said in another place) and also, the water running from far, through the fayre sandy earth, may be purified from the sent, of the mineralles, and so lose his taste, and yet, not without greate vertues, both manyfest, and hidden, as you may perceyue, by that which is and shalbe said. Séeing we graunt God (Aristot, vniuer∣sall nature) hath bestowed vppon vs these Bathes, for our great benefite, if so be that, ther can be nothing (as saith Ga∣lene de vsu partium) which better, or more redily, taketh a∣way distemperature, of heate, or cold actiue qualityes, or euacuateth, by the pores, the superfluous humores, then a dulce or pleasunt Bathe: or that also, maintayneth health more: for when as it is, by nature moyst, and moderately hot,* by humiditie, it humecteth dryeth, spronge of heate: by heate, it heateth) cold, caused of congeling: by moderate clo∣sing, Page  4through dryeth, strengthneth the loosed: as by insen∣sible perspiration, it mundifieth al partes, the which thing, is well proued dayly there.

Therefore, when the actions or vses of the partes bée depraued, diminished, or quyte abolished (a woorke that shall shortely bée made speake Englishe: for that all men may knowe Gods meruaylous might in their framinge: and to what ende euery part serueth) by any, of the afore∣sayde distemperatures, properly, or accidentally, not mor∣tally: nothing more safely, nothinge more aptly, nothinge more delicately, reduceth them to their olde and pristinate actiuitie: then the dulce, or delectable Bathes, or Welles of Buckstone. For (as Auicenne sayeth in Canon.) the weake members be aswell strengthened with such medicines, as temperately heate, aboue their naturall propertie, as eased of their griefe, by qualifying the discrasie, in any or all of the partes. And this, it dooth by reason that it rarifyeth, as∣well the partes, prouoketh expiration, and wypeth awaye fylth: as that it firmeth, ioyneth, and consolidateth the loose, weakened and seuered substance, of the simple, or com∣pounde partes, measurably qualifyinge the ouerheated members, and drying, such as bée ouer moyste. Therefore good for all such diseases,* as come of ouermuch colde moysture, for chollerique, and salt humore parched, and compacte togy∣ther, by which, wée may gather, that it is good for such.

• Rheumes.
• Feuers.
• Headaches.
• Weak sinewes.
• Old scabbes.
• Ulcers.
• Crampes.
• Numnes.
• Itchinges.
• Shrinkings.
• Ryngwormes.
• Apostemes.

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And for these diseases following, beside many of the gréefs mencioned in my first booke of Bath, which causes and acci∣dents, I wish you to looke there: supposing at the first ex∣ployt, to be sufficient to note here those sicknesses, that may not only probably be coniectured: but also daily proued that those Welles helpe.

Women that by reason of ouermuch moisture, or con∣trary distemperature, bée vnapt to conceaue.

Also al such as haue their whites too abundant, and that bée ouer watry.

Item, weake men that bée vnfrutefull.

Likewise for all that haue Priapismus, and that bée per∣boyled in Venus gulf.

Profitable for such as haue the consumption of the Lungs.

Beneficiall for such as vomit blood, as hath bin well pro∣ued.

Very good for the inflammation of the Liner.

Excellent for ouermuch heat, and stopping of the reins.

Beneficiall to all such as be disquieted with burning of vrine.

Good for the Strangury, and continuall desire to make water.

Unordinary desire of going to the stoole, dooing nothing or very little with great payne, it cureth.

It stayeth wasting of mans séede, the Hemoroydes, and Pyles, it soone amendeth.

Against the ouerflowing of womens monthes, it muth auayleth.

It taketh away the Hicket.

Ouermuch vomiting it easeth.

It openeth the obstructions of the Milt and Liuer.

For them that be short winded, it much auaileth.

Fluxes of the Milt and Liuer, it maruelously amendeth

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The gréene sicknesse perfectly it cureth, and the mor∣phewe soone it expelleth.

From the stone it safely descenceth: and the healthy people in good state long it preserueth. Now, you that will repayre vnto the Bathes, for any of these infirmities, as also for others not named, and shall happen to come awaye vncured, I would not wishe you, forthwith to exclayme vp∣pon God, and good men: bycause, by and by you were not healed, for some infirmities bée déeplyer rooted in the partes through prolonging of tyme, then that any remedy perhaps will extend to the redresse, as Amatus Lusitanus, in introitu medico ad aegrotantem, affirmeth: and therefore myne ad∣uyce is, that such as be so assertayned of the Phisicions, that they thank God, as all godly and wyse men, from the begin∣ning haue done: and let them praye and proue agayne,* and not sticke for any payne, cost, or trauayle. For what auay∣leth all the world, and a man to loose his owne lyfe? sayeth Matthewe the Euangelist: or what pleasure, I pray you, hath a man in riches, pessessions, Nobilitie, Soueraintie (worldly vanities) whē as in the world, his own body, is as∣perly assaulted with eatinge vlceres, deuouringe wolues,* sharpe crampes, fretting bowelles, frantique fittes, and a thousand other, intollerable batteries. I thinke surely, then hée had rather be poore Codrus, in health, shifting for his porcion, then riche Mydas, so afflicted, wallowinge in drosse: whiche wée abusiuely call worldely wealth, when as very wealth, is health. For without health, all richesse is carefulnes, pleasure vnprofitable, company gréeuouse,* in brief, all things odiouse. Wherfore take indication of thyne owne constitution, out of my tables in Bathes ayde, What is in them according to nature, what naturall, what not na∣turall, best for thy vse, and how agaynst nature thou art af∣fected, that thou mayst be perfect, to shew Phisicions wherin thou art to request ayde, and not as the blind man, casteth his Page  [unnumbered]staffe, runne to it: but firste know what is in thee, accor∣ding to nature amisse, by them agayne, to be amended: Of which (God bée magnified) there were neuer better, nor greater store in our lande, euen of our owne Nacion, than bée at this day: comparable (I dare saye) both for wysedom learning, and experience, to any in all Europe. Althoughe, (I knowe not how) some darnell is crepte in amongest the good corne, to the dishonour of our Creator, to the destructi∣on of our Quéene hir Maiesties Subiectes, and to the great sclaunder of the arte of all other, (as Montanus witnesseth in Anazena morborū) farre the noblest. Inasmuch as lyfe & health of mans body excelleth all other things in y^e world. But, I will trouble you no longer with such their vanities, for our labor is (if it may be) wholy to your profit, in expre∣ssing a compendious discourse of diet, néedful to be cōsidered.

*Dyete of Galene is called, The vse of necessarie cause, in Epidemijs, of Auicenne good gouernance, and of vs, in our Tables in Bathes ayde, things not naturall, all one in meaning, cunningly handled of Aetius, who sayeth:

The surest way to the rootinge out of any sicknesse, is Diete. Affirming further, that by Diete long diseases finde most benefyte. The which thing also, Galene affirmeth, c.8. secundum loca, that distemperature onely, so is not hea∣led, but also many great and gréeuouse sicknesses are by it cured. And therefore I would not wish any other meanes to be sought, where onely good diet dooth serue. The which thing Plato affirmeth in Timaeo, and after him Damascenus, in Aphorismis, and Arnoldus in parabolis: vtterly reiectinge such, as of Diete make none account.

To the vses of necessarie causes, thrée things are expedi∣ent to be wayed, qualitie, quantitie, and maner of order.

Qualitie is shewed by the constitucion of the sicknesse, which in things to be receiued Hippocrates hath made plain writing in this manner, 6. Epidemiorum. In sicknesse there Page  6must bée a contrarie Diete. Also, primo Aphorismorum, de∣cimo sexto: Moyste Diete profyteth all persones troubled with a feuer: and especially children, and such as haue accu∣stomed to lyue so.

But before wée procéede any further, it shall not bée vn∣néedfull, to note vnto you, by the way, the tymes of sicknes vniuersall, which be foure: Beginning, Augmenting, state,* and declining, as testifyeth Galene, libio de morborum tem∣poribus, & primo de Crisibus.

Quantitie, is discryed by the knowledge of the force of constitucion of the sicknesse, of the tyme, of the particular encrease, and of the strength, of the party affected. If so bée, that the full dyete encreseth, strength, the meane preserueth it, and the slenderest deminisheth it.

Plentifull, is that which encreaseth the strength of na∣ture, as that which is made of new layd egges, of Phisicall confections, and of such holsome meates, as shalbée hereaf∣ter mencioned.

The meane, or that which is neyther plentiful, nor spa∣ring. Galene called a temperate Diet, as that which is done by fewe meates and such as bée of small nourishment, as is the iuice of Ptysane.

The slenderest is that which is appointed in the tyme of Crisis, which is, a soddayne alteration of nature, eyther into better or worse, as Galen defineth it lib. ter. praesagiorum cō∣ment. pri. & lib. secund. aphoris. comment. decimo tercio, & vicesimo tercio: & lib. pri. Epidemiorum, comment. 3. abstay∣ning altogither, or taking something of least nourishment, as is Mellicratum. Therfore, if vertues or strengthes, haue their lawfull powers, and the chiefest force of y^e sicknes looked for of nature, it shalbe lawful to vse a most slēder diet.

But if the strength bée weake, it shall not bée conue∣nient, without great hurte, but rather, too adde so muche nourishement, as of the Strength is diminished.

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For, euen as euacuation is made before concoction, the mat∣ter prouoked: so shall nourishement be had in a tyme not v∣sed to eate, to kéepe the strength from vtter fayling, as A∣uicen teacheth primiphen. quarto. Whereby it commeth to passe, that oftentymes in fittes, meates be giuen. And ther∣fore sometime we must giue nourishment, in the shakinge of the fyt: the which thing, Galene testifyeth, de picrocholis, primo therapentites, 1. apho. com. 9. And sometyme, in y^e very burning of the fitte, that is when any gréeuouse accident happeneth, dissoluing the strength, nature not aggrauated: for where the powers shalbe decayed, by reason of manyfest empting (as the same Galen sheweth,) or because of extreme sweat, dissoluing the strength, or else, by reason of ouerlong abstinence: all these thus affected, require nourishement most spéedily.

Contrariewise, they which by reason of gréefe, or bicause of the state of the sicknesse, haue the faculties not stronge, doo néede now and then euacuation rather, then filling: nay hée which giueth meate to such, is cause of great hurt, vntoo them. So much likely it is, that those which bée ignorant in Phisike, can appoynt what meates, or at what tymes, or what qualitie, or quantitie, to the sicke ought to be giuen. Hence it is made euident, that euery sicke persone doth not require nourishement.

In euery sharpe sicknes, a most slender dyet is required. In méeker sicknesses, a larger dyete may bée permitted.

In cronicke or longe diseases, we doo diminish the dyete, and very many of them, besydes feuers, are rid with a slen∣der dyete, as Auicenne testifyeth, quarti phen. primo. And therefore in the curing of the frenche poxe, wée finde, the newe Diete is not profitable,* as Nicolaus massa in tractatu¦suo, de morbo Gallico, Iohannes Aliuenar de hic Hispanica, Benedictus Victorius, de morbo Neapolitano, Vldericus Hut∣tonus, de morbo Gal. with infinite others, doo testifye.

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In state of the sicknes, wée muste vse a more slender, dyet, yet first so plentiful, that it may suffice the sick. Wher∣vppon Aristotle saith, Secundi Problemate, quinquagesimo secundo, in the beginning of the sickenes, it is good to gyue meate. Celsus, contrariwise affirmeth, abstinence in the be∣ginning of the sickenes, to bée beste. But truely, the one is ment as (I think) of the time of sicknes vniuersall, and the other particuler, and of this mynd is Montinus, in compen∣dio facultatis curatoriae.

By panges or fits the quantitie is altered: and in them it shalbée conuenient to abstayn, for it behoueth to giue no∣thing, to them that by cyrcuites haue fittes: except perchance when the fitte doth begin to leaue. For then must meates be geuen, when heate shall come euen vnto the féete. To con∣clude with Auicen in Quarto phen. pri. Sometyme wée take away nourishment, often tymes we doo deminish, somtyme we make euen, somtyme we do encrease.

It is wholly taken away, when we desire to empty hu∣mores, bycause of disgestion, as in state, and in very sharp sicknesses, and in them that bée of matter. But in leane persons, and such as haue Hectica Febris, and that be in con∣sumpcions, it ought to be increased.

It is deminished, that the strength may bée by nourish∣ment preserued to thend, that we may prouide for the mat∣ter, neyther ought nature too bée hindred with multitude of ouer much nourishment, as in augmenting, and in acute or sharp sickenesses, and in the cronike or long also, yet lesse then in the sharp. And it is deminished two wayes, for som∣tyme we are compelled to lessen the qualitie, and to en∣crease the quantity, as in Bolysmus that doggish appetyte. And often tymes we are constrayned to encrease the quali∣ty, and deminish the quantity, and when wée endeuour too strengthen the body, and the nature of the stomacke is not strong enough, for a fuller diete.

Page  [unnumbered]

In the beginninges of sicknes, we do giue an euen dyet, which doth neyther augment, nor deminish the strength of the body. For first we must deale plenteously (as Galen wil∣leth primo ad Glanconem) that the sicke may suffyce.

In declination we do encrease, for it behoueth too make encrease, lyke to the deminishing, which was afore in state. Therfore Galen doth teach Tercio artis paruae, that the arte which doth refresh, and strengthen, is conuenyent for them that be whole.

In sicknesses euen to be disgested, and in strong state, vse abstinence.

When the strength is weakned, and the sicknes hard to ouercome. Galen commendeth Pri. ad Glanc, to vse a lar∣ger dyet

The shewing of the manner of vse, is also taken of iiif. thinges afore said. For if the strength shalbe weake, and the disposition be of corruption of humours, or of want of them, wée shall giue the sicke but a little nourishment, a little in deede: bycause his weakenesse, cannot sustaine at once, the whole multitude of nourishment. And often bicause the dis∣position néedeth many thinges: if so be that, wanting dooth néede adding, and corruption clensing.

If with weakenes of the vertues or strength, there shal∣bée neyther any wanting, nor any corruption, neyther yet lacke of naturall humoures, but that they shal abound, then we will giue fewe thinges, and seldome, and so much the rather, if the humours shall abound.

But if ther shalbe want of humoures, or corruption, and the vertues strong, then we wil giue much meate, and of∣ten, as the disposition may requyre, and nature strong able to disgest it.

If the vertues, powers, or strength shalbe strong, with a disposition of the pleurisy, then we wil giue seldome, and litle at once, bycause the preserued state dooth not neede Page  8much.

Furthermore, in Somer tyme, often sew things must be giuen: for that then the body néedeth much adding, as those which be dissolued, through vapoures (as you haue hard) and haue but a weake strength.

In the winter season, much may be giuen, by reason the actions be stronger, yet seldome, bycause the sicke doth not néede very much, adding as they to whom, there is not much euacuation made.

In the Spring, wée will nourish with fewe things, and that a long tyme: as also in full dispositions, if the powers bée stronge.

Haruest or Autumne is likened too disseases which are caused of corruption. Therfore they which therin be sicke of an ague (of all which agues you may looke in my booke, enty∣tuled, the Diall of Agues: the faultes wherein, escaped in the print, shal shortly be amended, with further matter) do néed a continual adding of the best nourishemēt, if y^e vertues bée stronge. But if they bée weake, little at once, and often∣times.

Lykewyse sayth Galene, 1. aphoris. commen. decimo septi. a man maye take indication of ages, custome, region, cli∣mates, &c. reducing them to the twoo first intentes, for the premisses, doo shew the body weak, or stronge: aboundinge, eyther with good humores, or lacking humores sufficient, or depraued with illenes of humors. Of which it is euident, that the force of the strēgth, sometimes (as in diseases which grow throw corruption or want of humors, or else in Au∣tumme) requireth much meate and often: and many tymes litle and seldome, as in sharpe sicknesses. It is also euident (to such as are expert in the Diatique part of phisicke) when meat little, and often, much and often, little and seldome, much and seldome, is conueniently too bée gyuen too the sicke.

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Therefore séeing this arte, of al artes is the chiefest, it is not the least parte of knowledge to appoint diete, as Ga∣lene vndecimo therap. sept. methodi medendi, iudgeth: who also commaundeth that wée shoulde appointe one kynde of Dyete, the indications agréeing, but then disagréeing, wée must preferre those which be stronger and most, so that the dyete, which they prescribe, be obserued, and the contrarie neglected.

In diseases vncurable, for the better sustayning, of the sicke when hée lyeth, a most light dyete in qualitie, contra∣rie to the infirmitie, and cause must bée prescribed. But by reason of the quantitie, for the onely respecte of the vertue, strength, or appetite, it is appoynted as though no disease were.

*Now, all nourishementes, whereof Dyete consisteth, spring of the first commixtion of Elementes, and they bee eyther of séedes, plantes, or liuing thinges. For, as Ferneli∣us saith, libro secundo, de abditis rerum causis: Nothinge can nourishe vs, which is not itselfe nourished, and endued with lyfe, and these bée. Certayne of these be simple, certayn com∣pound: Some doo woorke in matter, some in qualitie, & mat∣ter, as sayth Dioscorides, de medica materia.

Of these, the one sorte be simple meates, of meane tem∣perature, endued with no especiall qualitie.

The other be mixed, and are called Medicinable: bycause although they nourishe, yet in qualitie they doo alter and chaunge the body of the receyuer. Wherevppon there is of nourishments a double facultie: One by which they alter, the other by which they nourishe.

The former is knowen of collour, smell, and taste, and also of those things, which doo excell, applyed outwardly, or receyued inwardly.

The latter is knowen by no reason, but by experience onely: bycause the whole nature of the thing nourished, is Page  9a certein propriety to their substance, of Galen called a like∣nes 3. ther. By which reason nourishment is swéete, and plea¦sant in taste, and as the familiaritie of them, is by pleasant∣nes perceyued, so is the contrary by vnpleasantnesse tryed, if so be that those things which do differ from nourishment of their whole nature, are vnsauerily eaten.

Let ther be saith Galen. octo therap. in all sicknesses this foresight in dyet, that the meate be of good iuyce, and of easy digestion, bycause as Auicenne sayth Secund. Phen. quart. Euery person sick is hurt. Therfore of meates of euil iuyce euyll iuyce is gotten, Galen hath made manyfest, in lib. de Euchymia & Cacochymia, of how great force it is to engen∣der sicknes.

*Meates which principally nourish, slowlyest perce, for such bée grosse and flimy, to the end they may stick fast, and not easely to be out breathed by vapour, but such as are hard¦ly disgested.

Contrarily, such as swiftly perce be of subtile parts, brit∣tle of substance, light of digestion, but of litle nourishment: Wherefore swift nutricion, as testifieth Galen. 3. de causis pulsuum dayly is not néedefull, as is that which is made by wyne which is hot and moyst. Of this, Hippocrates sayth, Libr. de alimentis. To recouer strength as in swooninges: of dyetes the moyste is principall, although yet soner by swel∣ling (as you may find in my iiij. booke of Bathes ayde,) and also in them, whose partes be weake, ouerdryed with infir∣mity, that the nourishment may the better enter and bée drawen into them, of the which nourishmentes, it is hygh tyme that somthing be spoken.

Of graynes, of corne, is bred made, the diuersity wherof Athaenaeus libr. de honesta voluntate, Hermolans in corelario, haue expressed.

*The best bred is that which is made of wheat, well baked somewhat leauend, neyther to new nor to old, for the crased Page  [unnumbered]at al tymes helthiest.

But bread of dyuers graines, of diuers formes, in dy∣uers places be vsed. Some countryes make bread of cleane wheate, for the most part, as in Somersette Shyre, Rent, Lincolne, and Norfolke, some of beanes, and pease, as Ley∣cestre Shyre, and in Nothingham Shyre the claye, of which reade Tussard his husbandry. Some of Rye, as in Urchen∣féeld, and in Stafford Shyre, some of Miscelling, or Mun∣corne, as in Worcester shyre, and Sallope. Some of Otes, as in Lanckashyre, Ches shyre, Cumberland, westmerland, and Cornewall. And some of big or winter beare, some of Lentyles, some of Fitches, some of Tares, some of French wheat, most in vse for Rustikes. And into diuers formes these graines may be reduced, some in forme of manchet vsed of the gentility: some of great loues, as is vsual among yoomanry-some betwene both, as with the franklings: some in forme of Cakes, as at weddings: some Rondes of Hogs, as at vpsittings: some Simnels, Cracknels, and Buns, as in the Lent: some in brode cakes, as the oten cakes in Ren∣doll on yrons: some on Slat stones as in the hye peke: some in frying pans, as in Darby Shyre: some betwene yrons, as wafrons: some in round cakes, as Bysket for the Ships. But these and all other the mayne bread of York excelleth, for that it is of the finest floure of the Wheat well tem∣pered, best baked, a patterne, of all other the finest.

This largely handled, bycause, the others kindes, some haue preferred before that (which is best) of vs first appoin∣ted.

*Drink, the remedy of thirst, which is an appetite, of a thing cold and moyst: doth therfore eyther coole as vinegre, or moisten as wine, or worketh both as Oxicratum, or cold water (as Pline affirmeth, lib. 28. Cap. 4.

Furthermore, drincke dooth eyther mightle the partes of the meate, or else conueyeth the meat through the whole Page  10body, as Ioanicius teacheth. It is of twoo kyndes, not nou∣rishing as water, nourishing as wine, ale, béere, ptisane,* &c.

The measure of drinke, is that which dooth neyther swimme on the stomacke, neyther bring any sense of ouer∣flowing, as testifyeth Galene, septimo methodi medendi: vtterly condemning all ryotous quaffing, a vice, nowe too commonly vsed.

The best drinke for the crased at Buckstone, is meane Ale, neyther to new, nor to stale, not ouerhepped.

Your fleshe shalbée most ordinarie, as followeth,* mut∣ton, Kyd, Conie, Rabbet, Ueale, Turky, Capon, Henne, Chicken, Phesiant, Partrich, Rayle, Curlyew, Cnotwype, Wodcocke, Snype, or any other clouen footed fowles, Po∣ched egges, or rere rosted is also right nourishinge meates, as is aforesayd.

*Fruites, albéeit in most regimentes be forbiddē, of these kyndes may be vsed, Almondes any way dressed, Raceines, Figges, Pomgranates, Quinces, Wardens, and Chest∣nuttes rosted, Ryce, Marmalad, Greene Gynger. So may confortatiues, conserues, or cordial Confections, or to them that haue cold diseases, or bée of a cold constitution. Wynes of these kyndes may bée permitted, as a cuppe of Sacke and Sugar, if the disease doo not forbid it, or of good Gascoyne wyne, to them that be leane, with Sugar, or whyte Ma∣mulsyes of Madera, a myas of good Ale, a cawdell,* or Alebu∣ry, althogh afore in the generall dyet I haue not touched it.

Moreouer, fishes following may bée permitted, although license be obtained, Trught, Creuis, Breame, Barble, Che¦uion, Perch, Rotche, Bret, Gurnet, Whyting, Smelt, Cod, Myllers Thombe, Bully head, Loche, &c.

*Now for your meates, they wilbe best at x. or xi. a clock, if you can fast so long: if not, take some small refectiō before you go into the Bath, or not long after you come out, if you enter not into your bed, nor receyue any medicine.

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Your houre of supper shalbe about sixe of the clocke: but after I would haue you to vse no meate that night, nor yet drinke, if you can abstayne.

Alwayes prouided, first when you come thither, bicause the ayre is farre colder and more sharpe then in any part of the South,* that you bée well clothed: Hauing also good fyre: especially tender persons, and such as haue ben brought vp in the South cities, and they whose pores bée open, albeéeit the ayre there is very wholesome, as that which is pure, in∣fected neyther with exhalacion of standing pooles, & ditches, as is Brynt marsh in Sōmerset shyre, or the Fens in Lin∣coln shyre,* or Houldernes in Yorke shyre, neyther with a∣ny pestilent ayre, as were those déepe holes about Sardis, and Hyerapolis, mencioned of Galene, secundo de tuenda va∣letudine. Neyther with such euill ayre as issueth foorth of Lodes, Synckes, Sewers, and draynes, as about the Fléete bridge, Holburne bridge, Towre ditche, and Brydewell, at London, &c. Neyther with such, as commeth of Hempy grounds, as in Holland: neyther with such as come out of great meres, compassed on euery syde, with the hilles, as in diuers partes of Cumbreland: neyther with such as com∣meth of houses fulsomely kept, as in Irelande, slaughter houses, and Shambles. All which ayres bée hurtfull too all ages, as contrarily, that which is pure, as is at Buckstone, is to all most profitable. But the diuersitie of ayre whiche happeneth of dryeth or moysture, heate or cold, it is not of it selfe to all alyke, but to such as bée of the best temperature the best tempered ayre is most holesome. But in those, in whom any abounding qualitie hath soueraingtie, the ayre which is most against that qualitie, is to them most profy∣table, the colde to the hote, the hote to the colde, the moyst to the drye, the dry to the moyst, as it is reason. So much more as the moysture hath excéeded meane, & this to haue vnder∣standed, in this place, bréefly may suffice. For how you may Page  11defend you from the colde ayre, that enuironeth you there, is with sufficient garmentes & good fyre, as is afore expres∣sed. Furthermore, you maye vse a more large Dyete at Buckstons then at Bathe.

But first, wée will somewhat entreate of exercise, which shall take place afore meat:* for so Hippo. hath appointed in his Aphorismes saying: Labour must goe before meate: al∣so in his vi. Booke de morbis popularibus, hée hath these woordes in order, labour, meate, drinke, sléepe, &c. shalbee meane. But, whether labour, moouing, and exercyse bée all one, or doo differ in themselues, shall appeare. Euery moo∣uing truly, shall not bée an exercise,* but that whiche is ve∣hement, and that which in some is vehement, may in other be thought to be but an exercyse: to y^e other some not. Ther∣fore, the ende of this vehement, shalbe alteration of breath: séeing in whom there is no alteration of breath, it is not to be called an exercyse. The which thing Galene testifyeth, li∣bro secundo, de sanitate tuenda.

Vtilitie of exercyses is double: one to the euacuation of excrementes: the other, to the conseruacion of the state of the body. For of vehement moouing, thrée things are obtay∣ned: Hardnes of the parts through dayly exercise: Encrease of naturall heate, and a Swift moouing of the breath.

By hardnes of the partes, they be losse affected with la∣bour. By encrease of heat, not onely mighty attraction, is caused in the body, but also a spéedier alteracion, a better nutricion, and a perfecter distribucion into all the partes. By benefyte wherof the solide partes be kept softe, and the moyst be thynned, and the small wayes of the whole body, be made more loose.

But of the more vehement force, of the breath, followeth necessarily, all the meaptes to be clenzed. Nowe, if exercise woork this, with very many more, as the clensinge of the excrementes of all the bodye, at large expressed of Galene Page  [unnumbered]in his workes de sanitate tuenda. It shall not be vnprofi∣table to appoint the tyme and measure of it. And bicause it helpeth disgestion, it ought not bée vsed, when multitude of raw meate is conteyned in the vessels, least it might bring great daunger vnto the state of good health, and further en∣crease the gréefes of the sicke, by augmenting of iuyce be∣fore it were (as is sayd) altered perfectly. So that the exer∣cise is best which is before meat: if so be that y^e bodyes which be vnpure, and vnpurged of commune excrementes, the more you nourish them, the more you hurt them: Of this, I suppose it is euident, that the time for exercise is best, when the last days meat is disgested with a double concoction, as∣well that which is in the stomacke, as that whiche is in the vessels of bloode: for then the tyme of meat, agayne draweth nye: and if you vse exercise sooner, or later, you shall eyther fill the body with rawe humoures, or encrease pale chol∣ler.

When you shal beginne any exercise, your bryne, state, or water may serue for a good note.* For if it bée (sayeth Ga∣lene 2. de tuenda sanit.) like cleare runninge water, it shall shew the iuyce yet to be rawe. But if it be higher, then am∣bre or betwene it and iacincte, yellowish or chollerique red, it shall shewe the iuyce to bée digested longe before, sayeth Aegidius, de iudicijs vrinarum. That which is yellowish, or pale, sheweth the second concoction to bée finished, as sayeth Actuarius, in lib. de vrinis. But if the vrine shall not be mix∣ed with chollour (as is aforesayde) it shall séeme watery, thinne, and cléere. But if it shall haue receyued more of the chollorique substance, then enough, it shall appeare red say∣eth Montanus, lib. de vtlnarum iudiciis. Wherefore when it is méenely redde, or méenely yellow, then is exercyse too bée vsed: but the excrementes first expelled, aswell ordure, as vryne: for so Galene secund. de sanitat. tuend. willeth.

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To the sickly, small exercyse will serue, by reason of féeblenesse, not able too suffer pantynge, neyther verily so violent for them shalbée requysite. But if their strength will sustayne it, an exercyse conuenient for theyr callinge, shalbée vsed.

*The Ladyes, Gentle Woomen, Wyues, and Maydes, maye in one of the Galleries walke: and if the weather bée not aggréeable too theire expectacion, they may haue in the ende of a Benche, eleuen holes made, intoo the which to trowle pummetes, or Bowles of leade, bigge, little, or meane, or also, of Copper, Tynne, Woode, eyther vyo∣lent, or softe, after their owne discretion, the pastyme Troule in Madame is termed.

Lykewyse, men féeble, the same may also practise, in another Gallery, of the newe buyldinges, and this, dooth not only strengthen the stomack, and vpper parts aboue the mydryfe, or wast: but also the middle partes beneath the sharp Gristle and the extreme partes, as the handes, and legges, according to the wayght of the thing trouled, fast, soft or meane.

In lyke manner, bowling in allayes, the weather con∣uenient, and the bowles fitte to suche game,* as eyther in playne or longe allayes, or in suche as haue Cranckes with halfe bowles, whiche is the fyner and gentler exer∣cise.

Shootinge at Garden Buttes, too them whome it agréeth and pleaseth,* in place of Noblest exercyse stan∣deth, and that rather wyth longe Bowe, than wyth Tyller, Stone bowe, or Crosse bowe. Albéeit, to them that otherwyse can not, by reason of gréefe, féeblenesse, or lacke of vse, they may bée allowed.

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This practise of all other the manlyest, leaueth no part of the body vnexercised, the brest, backe, reynes, wast, and armes, withdrawing the thyghes, and legges, with run∣ning or going.

*The wind baule, or yarne ball, betwene thrée or foure, shall not bée invtile to be vsed, in a place conuenient, eache kéeping their limite. For tossinge, wherein may bée a very profitable exercise, bycause at all tymes, they kéepe not the lyke force in stryking, so that they shalbée constrayned too vse more violent stretching, with swifter moouinge at one tyme, than another, which will make the exercise more nymble, and deliuer, both of hand and whole body: there∣fore encreasing of heat, through swift moouing in all partes the sooner.

*Plumbetes, of Galene termed alteres, one borne in eche hand, vp and downe the stayers, galeries, or chambers, ac∣cording to your strength, maye bée a good and profitable ex∣ercise: so may you vse wayghtes in lyke maner.

A fyne Hallyer or Bowe lyne, a soote or twoo hyer then a man may reache,* fastened in length, some way, shall not bée vnprofitable, holden by the handes, thereby to stretche them: very excellent aswell for stretchinge of the mydrife, interne panicles and wast, with all the rest of the partes, as also, to preserue and defend them from apostemes, ob∣structions, and paynes thereto incident.

These exercyse of your owne power, I thinke, for thys place sufficient. Nowe, wée will shewe howe they may bée profitable vnto you thorow others mouing, aswell by wag∣gon, charriet, horselitter, and ryding, as by Cradle, and Chayor hanged, in sorte as to that vse may be best framed, all very profitable, as they may bée exercised: much, little, or meane, close, or open in the ayre, as to the parties shall bée requisite: taking tyme likewise in the vsing, swift, slowe, or meane, longe, short, or meane. And so likewyse in roc∣king Page  13by vice, or engyne: or on the floure which is more sha∣king. And therfore to them that may suffer it, more profita∣ble.

The other good, to weaker persons, as that in frame, con¦ueyed by pendent, from one to another, standing a sunder, according to the length of the engyne, thrée or iiij. fedome, drawen from them to the other, swift, slow, or meane, long, short or mean, as to the party shalbe conuenient. Omitting other deuises, to oportunity, and Phisitions further discre∣sion, as to their owne patients, shalbe necessary, and decent. At large entreated, of Galen in his arte of mainteyning health, from the tender age of Infantes, vntill they become old men, liuing all their lyfe, in health, vntill their last age, and then dye without paine, whither you may resort, for your further contentacion, séeing our scope is, but of the benefite of bathing.

Before you enter the Bath, tary two or thrée dayes, as∣well for resting of you, after your long trauayle,* as also to acquaint you with the ayer, vsing some melody, the which thing Aesculapius worthily appointed, saith Galen, & in déed it refresheth the witte, encreaseth strength, and melancholy it putteth to flight.

Times of bathing, shalbe both morning and euening, but after your exercyse, and purging, and altogyther,* before meat. And that when the Sonne is of a good hight, the mis∣ty exhallations, being into the second heauen attracted, the wether fayre, and in the somer season, as betwéene the bée∣ginning of May, & the later end of September. Saying the praier in the later end of this booke, on your knées, either in the appointed places, or in your chamber, or on the Bathes side. But in pestilent seasons must vtterly be auoyded all Bathes Georgius Agricola Libro de peste, et Rasa Libro de peste.

In the hath you may tary ij. or. iij. houres, if you please, Page  [unnumbered]and in especiall if the cause, sicknesse, or gréefe requyre, and the body fit for it.

After you come forth, your clothes well ayred, your bo∣dy well dryed, and especially your head, if the disease shall requyre,* into your bed with two bladers full of the water, made hote on the fyre, the one apply vnder the arme holes, & the other in the twyste, and there sweate, as your strength will beare.

This done, drie your body ageyne, and rubbe it all o∣uer, as the infirmitie may requyre. Howbéeit not in euery one, vntyll the skynne be redde, but if such frycacion bée ap∣pointed, kéepe your bedde for two or thrée houres after, lest the small meaptes being opened, a soddaine alteracion may happen, of nature altogyther abhorred.

*Fricacion hath force too loose, to binde, too encrease fleshe, and to diminishe it, sayeth Hippocrat. That is, the hard to bynde, the soft to loose, the much too diminshe, the meane to encrease fleshe. Howbeit, as may séeme, in Ga∣lene his tyme, diuers Gymnastickes inuentinge other in∣numerable differences of frications, wan great prayse: in so much that they were supposed, to haue founde out, con∣cerning frycacions, more then Hippoc. himselfe, amongest whome then a Prince of the Gymnastyckes, wrote, in Gymnasticis, de differencijs frictionum, in this wyse: Amongest our preceptes of Frycacion, it séemeth good vnto vs, that the Qualities bée ioyned with the Quantitie.

For of them selues, they bée so vnperfecte, that no abso∣lute effect, or successe, can procéede of them: bycause softe Frycacion for the Quantitie, néedeth a thréefolde opera∣tion. For, little dooth lightly make the sleshe slacke, and softe to bée handled.

Much dooth euaporate and dissolue: meane dooth fill with a loose, and flowing flesh. Lykewyse the harde, according Page  14to the manner of the Quantitie, dooth yéelde so manye ef∣fectes in number. For much dooth bynde the bodyes, and leaueth behynde something lyke to a Timon.

The meane dooth fill with fleshe, and the small dooth for the tyme, bringe rednesse in the ouer parte of the skynne. In which processe of woordes, hée contayneth sixe diffe∣rences of Frycacion, thereby supposed, too haue spoken better, and more plentifully of Fricacion, then Hippocrat. himselfe.

But if more seriousely you ponder the woordes of Hip∣pocrat. and not by the way (as a dogge dooth water) lightly taste of them, you shall easely fynde, that hée hath com∣prehende nyne differences, as maye appeare by this de∣scription.

• Hard.
  • Little.
  • Much.
  • Meane.
• Soft.
  • Little.
  • Much.
  • Meane.
• Meane.
  • Little.
  • Much.
  • Meane.

WHEN Theion had taught the firste sixe of these nyne coniugacions, which the description comprehendeth: Hée made no mencion at all of the other thrée, combating cruelly with him selfe: for if ther be a certayn middle, of the smal & great, which we cal mean, ther shal also be another middle Page  [unnumbered]of the soft and hard, which wée will call meane, and mode∣rate. But, such Sophisticall cauillacions, in this woorke, we haue not determined to reproue, but rather howe health at Buckstone, is to be obtayned.

Medicines possessing power of euacuating, for the health of the costyfe, and of them that abound with corrupcion, a∣boue all exercises haue dominion: which in our fourth booke of Bathes ayde, more largely wée haue handled, here altoo∣gyther not to be omitted, (that in the absence of Phisicions may bée vsed) regarde had to the constitucion of the bodye, manner of sicknes, and present state: remembring this al∣so, that doses or qualities of medicines,* are varyed, accor∣ding to complexion, case, tyme, age, region, nature, sicknes, dyete, arte, and tymes mutacion, as affirmeth Auicenne in Canon. and Amatus Lusitanus, centuria prima.

Therefore, not possible to appoint a iust quantitie, these thinges, in euery person not considered: and bycause you are there in a colder climate, then is Bathe (as I haue sayde) you must make your Dose the greater, for the North per∣sons require a greater and stronger force, to alter their na∣ture, then the Southerne, for that theire bodyes bée more hard, by meanes whereof the naturall actions bée stronger, and will turne the medicine into nourishement. And wée call, all that a medicine, which hath power to alter nature, sayeth Montanus, commentario primo, de simplicium medi∣camentorum qualitatibus. For otherwyse it is not a medy∣cine, but meat. Howbeit, Galene sayth, libro quinto, de sim. It maketh such iuyce, or humor, as it should haue expelled: so that it encreaseth rather sicknesse, then auoyde the cause. It shalbée good therefore, if you meane to vse them, a little to augmente the qualitie, as a fourth or fifth parte more, which will sufficiently tharpen them, as I haue often proo∣ued. Howbeit, I had rather you should conferre wyth the learned, concerning the vse of my medicines, then vppon Page  15your owne skill receyue them, and yet all that I haue pre∣scribed, bée voyde of venyme, and will not hurt, if they pro∣fyt not. But if they hée receyued according to my meaning,* they bée not onely of noble operation, but also of gentle force of purging. And purgacion, sayeth Galene, Comm. sec. pri∣mo Apho. is euacuation of humours, which doo molest with their qualitie. But purgacion is not onely gyuen, bycause of euill humoures abounding, but also by reason of the force of the sicknesse, and sometyme if supplyeth blood letting. For if the party bée weake, a gentle purge wil better serue, as may appeare, 4. therapentices, & quart. det. san. libris Ga∣leni: for blood is the treasure of lyfe, not viciated.

Purgacion, according to Hippocrat. is a clensing which by nature or artificially by arte is made.* Also there is a gentle purgacion, which euacuateth from all partes, and an other from the place onely affected, and this is eyther vni∣uersall, or particular, as Gentilis declareth, 1.3.

The former of the whole body, but especially from the place suffering, the other from it onely.* Mesue calleth it an vniuersall purgacion, cap. de soda. Summa tercia, de medici∣nis aegritudinum cerebri, which euacuateth the matter, cause of gréefe, from the community of all, or of the most famouse partes, or of them which bée as it were myneralles, as the Lyuer of blood, the Galle of choller, stomacke of phleme, the mylte of splene of melancholly, or blacke choller. And par∣ticular hée calleth that, which bringeth matter, cluddered, lomped, or bagged, in any principall member, or parte: by the proper emunctuaries, as out of the head, by the nose, mouth, eares, eyes, palate, &c. But this particulare maye not bée preferred before the vniuersall, except it bée in fow∣er cases, as either bycause the matter doth not much abound in quantitie, wherefore it may suffise, if it be brought from a parte of the emunctuaries of that member, in whiche the sicknesse is, or else, bycause the part from whence the mat∣ter Page  [unnumbered]is deriued is not strong in deliuering it,

Lykewyse ther is one purgation drawing backward, and another foreward, the former turneth to the contrary, the other asyde, as sayth Hippoc. Libro de Succis. and Galen. 4. Therali. de Vlceribus. Hence it is apparent, that purgaci∣on of the belly, profiteth the most sorte greued with vlcers, as the same Hippoc affirmeth, ther is also one kynd of pur∣gacion, that diminisheth, another that perfectly euacuateth all: The former diminisheth the sickenes, the later, wholly rooteth it out, and this is of twoo sortes, for eyther by one meanes, or other, it expelleth the filthy excrementes or else it diminisheth the fumity or iuyce hurtfull, as Conciliator saith Differencia, 116. and this is strong, weake, or meane, as which is caused of a laxatiue, strong, weake, or meane. Likewise some purgacion at once, worketh effectually, out of al the partes, and some by distaunce of tyme, or little and little. This maner Tralianus vseth in headaches, and ioynt∣aches, Mesue for melancholique humours, Auenzoar in long disseases, Auicennas in quotidian agues.

*Therefore where through humoures corrupted, the lyfe, strength, force, power, or vertue is weake, Galen willeth to vacuat, clense, or empty, that which is euill, by little & little, & to reserue in order, that which is holsome, with curation, of hurtefull or vicious iuyce, of the Gréekes is called epikrasis, saith Galen nono therap. And Sirmesinos, Hippo. calleth meane emptings. libr. de artiensis, whether they be, by vomit or by stoole.

Likewyse we vse some purgatiō cuartiue, or healing, and to preuent a myschéeie suspected.

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Differences of purgation, or clensing, are taken of the places by the which they are expelled, whether downward by stoole, or vpward by vomit, or by vrine, mouthes, sweat,* spitting, and snot, lewsing of the belly, draweth down from the vpper partes, and rooteth out from the lower partes.

Vomit bringeth to passe by contrary meanes, drawing, and emptyng.

Vryne clenzeth the superfluities which are contayned in the veynes, in the bunchy part of the Liuer, reynes, wayes of vrine & bladder: and sometyme those which are without the mydryfe. For Galen did sée the vomit of the lungers by v∣ryne to be clenzed, and of the stomake, by the bowels: sweat clenzeth from all partes. Spitle onely with coughe, clenzeth that which is in the loose spaces of the brest.

Snot purgeth those superfluities, which are in y^e head.

The Canons and rules which it behoueth vs to obserue, shalbe to leade that way whyther nature especially doth en∣cline, in the sommer vpward, in the winter downward, as Hippo. commaundeth, Aphorismo quarto, and Gal. 1. ap. 21.

Wée purge leane persons and such as can easely vomyt, by the vpper wayes, auoyding winter. But in the Spring, Sommer, and Haruest, such as hardly vomyte, and bée of a leane constitution, purge downward, eschewing Sōmer.

Such as haue the consumpcions of the Lunges, haue re∣gard how ye purge vpward for feare of weakening the spi∣rituall partes.

Such as haue the bottome of the belly thynne, weake bowels, or be bursten, take héed how yée purge downward, for it is daungerous.

Melancholique persons you may more safely purge by the lower wayes.

It is euill to purge much, such as haue the sluxe lyentery, (slyding away of the meate vndigested) by the vpper partes in sommer.

Page  [unnumbered]

*Gréefe about the hartstringes, signifyeth lacke of pur∣gacion, by the vpper partes, and such as molest the nether partes downwarde.

If belly akynge shall chaunce to him that hath not a fe∣uer, heauinesse of the knéees, gréefe of the loynes, & thyghs, it sheweth that they ought to be purged downward.

To conclude, euacuacion of the particular members, is made by Indication, taken of situacion, as Galene hath plenteously declared, tercio art. paruae. 2. ad Glanconem, sep. vnde. & tricesimo therapentices.

*Galene, lib. de vi catarthica, affirmeth, that hée abated the tercian feuer melanchollique passions, frantique fittes, fal∣ling sicknesses, continuall headaches, paynes of ioyntes, goutes, and healed the sciatica, scauld heades, frettinge vl∣ceres, wolues in the brest, and many daungerous pustles, of euill coloure, newe lepryes, cankers, and one whom, as hée had ben bored thorow the guttes (which by other Phisi∣cions vnexpert handling thrée monethes, waxed woorse and woorse) with onely purgacion hée restored too health. Hée tooke away by purgacion, a womans fluxe, and other disea∣ses of the matrice, and also dymnes of syght, opthalmia, the aposteme of the eye, by purgacion hée also cured in one day.

Therefore, purgacion hath ben gyuen accustomably, to staye booth distillations, and ouerflowinges. Hence it is, that Aetius lib. tercio, appoynteth it to bée vsed in certayne flixes, of the belly. All which effectes shewe, of what force purgacion is, learnedly gyuen: howsoeuer fooles doo abuse it, or disprayse it.

*Tymes méete to purge, Hippo. 6. aph. taketh of the temperature, of the ayre enuironing vs. For as the ayre is altered so must your purgacion: and what ayre is at Buck∣stone, and howe your purgacion must bée altered, wée haue already expressed.

Page  17

To whom soeuer (sayeth hée) letting of blood, is conueni∣ent, or purgacion, the Spring is best, quarto Apho. quint. & sext.

Contrarywyse, in the dogge dayes, and before the dogge dayes, purging medicines be daungerous.

Moreouer, in the Sommer, wée gyue vometes, choller abounding in the stomacke. Contrarywyse, Celsus appoin∣teth it in the winter, bycause the stomacke then is loden with fleme, lib. primo.

Galene did purge in the ende of the Spring, those which in Sommer were taken with a tercian feuer: and in the be∣ginning of the Spring, those which thorowe grosenesse of humoures dyd fall into sicknesse, lib. de pur.

*Furthermore, tymes fitte for purgacion, maye bée ta∣ken of the influence of the Planetes, sayeth Hippo. libr. de diera. And Galene did choose the space betwéene the newe moone and the old, for drinking of Triacle, libr. de theriace, ad Pamphilium.

It is conuenient, that in gyuing purgacion, it bée obser∣serued, which thing Aetius lib. 3. & 1. th. and Halyabbas com∣maundeth. If so bée, that the force of medicines purginge, is dulled, when the moone shall bée ioyned with Iupiter, if wée beléeue Ptolome, in centiloq. But purginge medicines must bée gyuen when the moone is in a watery triplicity, hauing none aspect, commixtion, quadrature, or opposici∣on, with Saturne, Iupiter, or Mars. Cōcerning the which aske Councell of Ioannes de Monte regio, and the other Astro∣logians, but especially of Auicennes medicorum, and also of Almanackes, yearely made. Auerhois commendeth those which, although they bée whole, are purged euery seuenth yeare. And I commend those that be purged euery Spring, and fall, séeing seldome but at certayne tymes and circu∣ites, diseases doo happen, or not farre from them. But with Auenzoar the election of tyme according too the Astrono∣mers Page  [unnumbered]is not allowed, lib. secundi. Perhaps bicause y^e sick may perish while we abyde theyr elections.

Lastly of the preparation, of the body, and alteration of the humours, times of purgation, are to be receyued. For as Hippo. writeth, before the drinking of Elleborus (bearfoote) the body must be moystened, with much meat & rest. 6. epi. Further he saith, if you wil quikly purge him, y^t hath dronkē Eleborus, it behoueth. that he washe, and eate: to washe the day before the receyuing of the purging medicyne, for la∣uing, bathing in swéete water, or washing, spreadeth abrode the humoures, and maketh the body more laxatiue and soft. And to eate such meates, as thinne, cut and seperate grosse, clamy and tough humours, and that do open the passages.

Again hée saith, bodies which shuld be purged, ought to be made flowing:* & thei ar made flowing, as Ga. testifieth 3. ap. 9. By extenuating, & cutting of humoures, & by opening the wayes, by which y^e humours are drawē of the medicine. And when this is neglected, be sure purgations be hard and gre∣uous, wherfore Auicenne dooth preferre thinning of the hu∣mour, and dylatation of the wayes that he shut, not only be∣fore purgation downeward, but also before vomite. Phe. 4.1

Hence it is, that preparatiues are vsed. Therfore to heale thinges disgested, and to moue thinges not raw, so that they enforce not (and the most sort do not compell) to be vttered, for the expulsion of raw humours, as Galen writeth primo apho. 22. doth cause ache of the belly, gnawing, & swoonings, and also, that nothing in effect worth the accompt, is expel∣led, séeing all raw humours be slow, and vnméete for mo∣uings, by reason of rawnesse and colde, wherby it commeth to passe, that they also do scop all narow passages, by which the medicine ought to bée conueyed, and deliuered, therfore they be neyther brought out themselues, nor suffer other, as sayeth Auicen quarto, et Phen primo. Hence it is, that all long sicknesses grow.

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Auicenne after conconction, before euacuation giueth things thinning.

Furthermore, coction must be loked first: especially in grosse, tough, and slimy humours, as Aetius teacheth Libro tercio. And in certayne chollerique infirmities, of thicke, and tough matter, as it is apparant with Galen, of the pur∣gacion giuen for the yelow Iaundis, Libro devi Catarthi∣ca, et de constitucione artis Medicae. The which thing, also Tralianus doth vse, and against Rasis and Auicenne, but not likewise, for the whayey, thinne, and subtyle humoures, which as it séemeth too Aetius, are too bée purged foorth∣with, in the beginning of the sicknesse.

Briefly, before concoction, a purgacion is conuenient, in my iudgement, the manyfest quality of the humor compel∣ling the quantity and place, of this iudgemēt is Antylus, and also Manardus libri tricesimi, epistola prima.

In some the moouinge of nature, or of sicknesse, or of booth, dooth shewe the tyme of gyuing purgation.

To these, the strength of the sicke, the condicion of the ayre, and what thinges haue gone before, and are present, or belonge too bée purged, (as Galene teacheth nono Thera∣pentices,) are too bée considered.

If so bée that apte moouinges are to bée holpen, and the depraued to be corrected. And it is depraued, if before con∣coction, nature doo euacuate, sayth Leouellus in practica sua.

Also, if by places not conuenient, and then it is too bée transferred, as affyrmeth Valescus in Philonio suo. And in diseases of swift moouing, it often happeneth in the begin∣ning, that the rawe matter is euacuated, nature erringe, thorowe compulsion of sicknesse, as affirmeth Iohannes Ruellius. Which thinge, a skilfull Phisicion, soone kno∣weth

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Purgacions, which may bée vsed without daunger, bée those which be compounded,* the hurtfull qualitie corrected, wherevppon wée may not so well vse simple medicines, sayeth Cardanus, de varietate rerum, although I brought in example, of Elleborus in the old tyme, which was permit∣ted, when our bodyes were stronge, but not so nowe. For it behoueth (sayeth hée) for the most parte, in euery simple, eyther to qualifie the hurte, or to stunne the force, or too strengthen the weaknesse, or to correct the vnpleasantnesse. So vnlikely it is that any simple may aunswere to bée cor∣respondent, for the curacion of sundrie affectes, whiche at once doo requyze diuers faculties, and at one instant, as is very learnedly sayde, of Celsus, and at large expressed of Montanus, in commentario de componendis medicamentis.

The rule of Galene therefore is, that as farre as it is law∣full, the medicine be made most pleasant, quarto de tuenda sanitate, peraduenture, according to that saying of Hippoc. The Phisicion ought to gratifye the sicke, in meates, drinkes, and medicines, sexto Epi. For in meate, there is a most excellent medicine, as he testifyeth. Wherefore Ae∣tius doth mingle with meates, thinges which doo not onely soften and compresse the belly, making it smothe and slyp∣pery, but also that haue force of drawing, as after bréefely shalbée expressed, of which thing s Ioannes a S. Amando, in concordant. Gal. and Matthaeus Graduensis, in gloss. super Ah. most wholesomely doo dispute.

*Medicines méete to purge the chollerique complexion, or such as bée troubled with cholerique diseases, are these, con∣sideration had to the thinges afore expressed, as Gardonius affirmeth in practica sua.

R. Electuarii de succo rosarum, ana. z. iii. misce.

Diaprunis, ana. z. iii. misce.

Take of the composicion, of the iuyce of roses.

Of the composicion of prunes, of eyther iii. drammes, Page  19myngle them.

For the phlegmatique complexion, or them that are vexed, with phlegmatique diseases.

R. Diaphaeniconis, z.v. misce.

Diacatholiconis, z.ii. misce.

Take of the Electuarie of dates, v. drams, of the vniuer∣sall composicion, two drams, let them be myngled.

For the melanchollique complexion, or them that are vexed with diseases thereof.

R. Dia sennae lenitiiuae, ana.z.s. misce.

Confectionis hamech, ana.z.s. misce.

Take of the Lenitiue Electuary of Sene, of hameches confection, of eche halfe an ounce, mingle them.

Take in the morninge fastinge, in pocyll whay, made with ale, to purge choller. In pocyli whay made of whyte wyne, to purge fleme. In pocyll whay, made of Gotes milk, for melancholly, receyuing a little warme brothe, within halfe an hower after, eating after that, nothinge vntill vij. or viii. howres be expyred, and kéeping the house, as Bacha∣nellus willeth, lib. de consensu medicorū in curandis morbis.

A Glyster of blessed operation for noble complexions which gently euacuateth phleme and blacke choller, & gent∣tly expelleth wynd,* and greatly auayleth agaynst the collick and gréefe of the bowels.

R. Anize. ana. z. ii.

Croci, ana. z. ii.

Polipodii triti, bulliant cum aquae lactis caprarum, libris quinque, & dissolue.

Hierae picrae, z. i.

Mellis, z. i.

Salis, z. i.

Olei violacei, z.ii. misce secundum artem.

Take Okeferne rootes, Anyse séedes, Brused Safron, of eche two vnces, boyled in fyne pyntes, of the whay of gotes Page  [unnumbered]milck, to the fourth part, into the which you shall dissolue, of Hiera piera one vnce, of hony two vnces, salt an vnce, oyle of violeis, twoo vnces, gyuing one after another, if néed re∣quyre, for it will serue for thrée of fewre doses.

Another to prouoke vryne, and to open stoppings.

R. Aquae lactis caprarum lib. d. in qua bulliat anisi pulueri∣zati vn. i. d. quibus addes olei violacei. vn. ii.

Take whay of Gotes mylke a pynt and an halfe, wherin let boyle of a walme or two, of anyse séede lightly brayed. ii. vnces, to the which adde of oyle of violettes, two vnces.

Another good to purge choller, and to mundifie the bloode with all the rest of the humoures in generall.

R. Maluae, ana. manip. i.

Althaeae, ana. manip. i.

Atriplicis, ana. manip. i.

Mercurialis, ana. manip. i.

Acanthi, ana. manip. i.

Seminis Lini, ana. z. ii.

Foenigraeci, ana. z. ii.

Coquantur ad tercias, & colo diffundantur, accipiatur{que}.

Furis decocti, lib. i.

Medullae cassiae fistularis, vnce i.

Hierae picrae, s.d.

Mellis rosacei colo transfusi, z. iii.s.d.

Olei ex olinis expressi. s. iij.

Salis vulgaris, z.i.s.d.

Commixtis omnibus, fiat enema.

Take of Mallowes, Holyhocke, Orage, Mercury, swéete bryer, of euery one one handfull, lene séede, fenygréeke; of eche two drammes, boyle all in a quart of running water, vnto the third part, then strayne them, and take of the broth Page  20boyled, one pynte, of the pyth of Cassi fistulae, one vnce, of Hiera picra i. half vnce, of hony of roses strayned, iii. drams, and an halfe, of oyle pressed out of olyues iii. vnces, of salt, i. dramme, and an halfe, of all myngled togyther, let there bée made a Clyster.

*Fyner Iewels, further fet, déerer bought, lesse in quanti∣tie, stronger in qualitie, more daungerous for the body, I could haue appoynted many thousandes: but bycause these are comune, of small pryce, euery where with the Apoteca∣ries to be had, & without daunger will doo their office, I trust they may serue for the poorer sort that are not of abilitie, too retayne counsaylours in phisicke, the riche, I wysh to resort to the learned Phisicions.

Slypery meates which rather make the bodye soluble, than doo bynd, are these, as at large is expressed of Aegineta,

*Flesh of lambe, veale, pygge, fat capons, chickens, and all fat and moyst meates, rather boyled then rosted or baked.

Butter, mylke, breade not to drie baked nor too stale, béere of meane age, wyne with suggar ynough, swéet fruits, & rype, as damaske prunes, cheryes, raceynes, damsons, &c. Of herbes for your brothes and pocylles, mallowes, cycho∣rye, endyue, vyolettes, pacyence, fumetory, and centaury a little quantitie, some vse, which will not onely make the broth to bytter, but also molest the body as doth sene, fill it with wynd, and weaken the stomacke sayth Mathiolus Se∣nensis, super Diasco. and Mesue lib. de simplicibus. and as dayly experience proueth.* All these thinges needfull, con∣sidered and obserued, for the xiiii. xx. or xi. dayes, you re∣mayne there, and after you come thence, one moneth at the least, if your disease requyze it, kéepe the especiall Victus, expressed, but after you may returne to your former trade of lyfe, not hurtfull, so that alway prouyded, the day of your cōming thither, bée noted, before you enter into the Bathes, and the day of your departure, with the country of your ha∣bitation, Page  [unnumbered]condition or calling,* with the infirmityes, or cause you came for, in the regyster booke kept of the warden of the Bath, or the Phisition that ther shalbe appointed, & the be∣nefite you receyued, paying foure pence for the recording, and euery Yeoman besides, xij. pence, euery Gentleman iij. shillinges. Euery Esquior. iij. s. iiij. d. Euery Knight, vj. s. viij. d. Euery Lord, & Baron, x. s. Euery Uicount, xiij. s. iiij. d. Euery Erle, xx. s. Euery Marques, xxx. s. Euery Duke, iij. pound x. s. Euery Archbishop. v. l. Euery Bishop xl. s. E∣uery Iudge. xx. s. Euery Doctour, and Sargeant of lawe. x. s. Euery chauncellor, and vtter Barrister, vi. s. viij. d. E∣uery Archdeacon, Prebendary, and Canon, v. s. Euery My∣nister, xij. d. Euery Ducches, xl. s. Euery Marquesses, xx. s. Euery Countes xiij. s. iiij. d. Euery Barones. x. s. Euery La¦dy, vi. s. viij. d. Euery gentlewoman, ij. s. And al, for the trea∣sure of the Bath, to the vse of the poore, that only for help, do come thither, the one halfe: the other to the Phisicion, for his residence.

Now if any shall think me ouer bold, too speake in the person of a Magistrate, let them consider with themselues two thinges méere contrary, their abilityes, and the poores néede, for sure I am, that none of all these recyted, but dooth twyse a yere in ydle pastime cast more then this, away in rayne. Therfore I trust, séeing it is to the poores, boxe and better meanes for your owne health, with other good vses, that from tyme to tyme, shall be there appointed, that there wilbe none, so straight laced, or of so vnpitifull a conscience, which will not, if they sée cause, draw theyr purse stringes wyder.

If they consider the good intent, to be aswell for the poore afflicted members of Christ (and what you gene vnto them you geue it me saith he) as also, for the honour of the Relme, the which, foreuer, God graunt Triumphant, Amen.