Mikrokosmographa. A description of the little-world, or, body of man, exactly delineating all the parts according to the best anatomists. With the severall diseases thereof. Also their particular and most approved cures. / by R.T. doctor of physick.

CHAP. I. Shewing the Definition of Chyrurgery, the qua∣lifications of a Chyrurgion, and Anatomy of the simple Members.

CHyrurgery is derived, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which is as much as to say a hand working; so that Chyrurgery is a work∣ing of the hand in the body of man, in cutting or opening those parts that be whole, in healing those parts that be broken or cut, and in taking away that which is superfluous, as Warts, Wens, Scurfula's, and the like: To the cure of e∣very disease belongeth four things; the first and principall is God, the second the Chyrurgion, the third the Medicine and fourth the Patient: There∣fore the Chyrurgion ought to be Religious. Inge∣nious,

Learned, and Expert, both in Theorick and in Practick; he must be skilfull in the Anatonay, else he will be like a blind man to carve an Image; he must be secret and private, as a Confessour to his Patient, not discouraging any, nor setting a certain day of his recovery, as Mountebanks doe, for that is not in their power, oportet seipsum non solum, neither let them backbite others nor vaunt and praise themselves, that will redound more to their shame then credit, for their own workes will get credit enough.

Of the simple members there be 11. and 2. su∣perfluities, viz. Bones, Cartilages, Nerves, Pan∣nicles, Ligaments, Cords, Arteries, Veynes, fat∣nesse, flesh, and skin; the superfluities be haires and nailes; the bones be the foundation and hardest member of the body; it is a consimile member, simple and spermatick, cold and dry of complexi∣on, insensible and inflexible, and hath divers formes in mans body, for the severall operations thereof, and diversity of helpings; the gristle is a member simple and spermatick, next in hardnesse to the bone and is of complexion cold and dry, and insensible.

The Ligament is a member consimple, simple, and spermatick, next in hardnesse to the gristle, and of complexion cold and dry, flexible and sensible, and binds the bones together.

The sinew is a consimile member, simple and

spermatick, mean between hard and soft, strong and tough, having his beginning from the braine, or from minuca, which is the marrow of the back, and from the braine cometh seven paire of Nerves sentative, and from minuca cometh seven pair of Nerves motive, and one that is by himselfe that springeth from the last spondell.

A Cord or Tendon is an officiall member com∣pounds and spermatick, sinowy, strong, and tough, meanly between hardnesse and softnesse, and sensi∣ble and flexible, cold and dry.

An Arterie is a member simple and spermatick, hollow and sinowy, having his beginning from the heart, and bringeth from the heart to every member, spirit, and life, it is of complexion cold and dry; and all these Arteries have two coates, except one that goeth to the lungs, and he hath but one coat, that spreadeth abroad in the lungs, and bringeth to the lungs bloud and spirit of life, and sendeth from thence ayre to temper the fa∣mous heat that is in the heart: A veyne is a sim∣ple member, in complexion cold and dry, and spermatick like to the Arterie, having his begin∣ning from the liver, nutritive bloud to nourish eve∣ry member of the body with; and the Arterie is a vessell of bloud spirituall or vitall, and a veyne a vessell of bloud nutrimentall; the flesh is a simple member not spermatick, ingendred of bloud, in complexion hot and moist: There is three kindes

of flesh, the one soft and pure, the second muscu∣lus, hard or brawny, the third is grandulus, knot∣ry or kurnelly: Next is fatnesse, whereof likewise is three kindes, pinguedo, which is made of a sub∣till portion of bloud, congealed by cold; it is cold and moist, insensible and intermedled amongst the parts of the flesh; the second is adeppes, of the same kind as the other, but is parted from the flesh besides the skin, and is as an oyle healing the skin, and moistning it; the third is au xingia, parted from the flesh about the kidneys and entrails.

The skin is a member officiall, partly sperma∣tick, strong and tough, flexible and sensible, thin and temperate, one covereth the outward mem∣bers, and the other the inward, which is called a pannicle.

The haires are superfluities made of the grosse fume or smoake passing out of the viscous matter, and thickned to the form of hair.

The nailes likewise are superfluous humours, engendred of earthly fume, waxing through the naturall heat of humours to the extremity of the fingers and toes, in complexion cold and dry, and is softer then the bone and harder then the flesh, &c.