The parfait mareschal, or Compleat farrier. Which teacheth, I. To know the shapes and goodness, as well as faults and imperfections of horses. II. The signs and causes of their diseases, the means to prevent them, their cure, and the good or bad use of purging and bleeding. III. The way to order and preserve them, when upon travel, to feed, and to dress them. IV. The art of shoeing, according to a new design of shoes, which will recover bad feet, and preserve the good. Together with a treatise, how to raise and bring up a true and beautiful race of horses: as also instructions, whereby to fit all kinds of horses with proper bits, whereof the chief draughts are represented in copper-plates. / Written originally in French by the Sieur de Solleysel Escuyer, sometime one of the overseers of the French Kings Royal Academy of Riding, near to the Hostel de Conde in Paris. And translated from the last Paris impression, by Sir William Hope of Kirkliston Kt. Lieutenat Governour of the Castle of Edinburgh. By whom is also added as a supplement to the first part, a most compendious and excellent collection of horsemanship, taken from the best and most modern writers upon that subject, such as Mr. De la Brow, Pluvinel, and the Great Duke of Newcastle. Part I.

CHAP. LXXIII. The Names and Vertues of Oint∣ments, Emplasters, Oils, and distilled Waters, common∣ly made use of for Horses.

Sect. 1.

THe four hot Ointments are the Ointments of Aregon, Martiatum, A•••••• and Agrippa.* 1.1

The Ʋnguentum Aregon hath derived its Name from its effects, see Aregon in Arabick signifies helpfull; Its vertues are to heat, Attenuate, and digest and is therefore excellent in the cold distempers of the Nerves.

The Martiatum, takes its Name from the person who invented it; It is g•••• for coldness in the brain, and particularly to mollify hard Swellings, as also 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the cold affections of the Nerves and joynts.

The Althaa hath its Name from its Basis or fundation, which is the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Mallow;* 1.2 It Heats, Moistens, Lenifies, Digests, expells the intemperatness of C•••••• is profitable for hardned Nerves, corrects what is too dry, and rectifies the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 humors which are contained in the Muscles.

The Agrippa derives its Name from one Agrippa King of Judea; it is p•••••• for softning, as also it Attenuates, and incides or cuts powerfully, discusses 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or insensible Phlegmatick tumors, and is good for all inveterate pains•• the Nerves.* 1.3

The four cold Ointments are, the Album Rhasis, Mesu's Ointment of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Populneum, and the Ʋnguentum Refrigerans Galent.

The Album Rasis is good for heats, excoriations, and blistering of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for Galling, and Ulcers proceeding from heat, intemperatness, or too great 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in any part, and other imperfections of the skin.

The Ointment of Roses appeases inflammations, and the Erysiely or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Authony's fire.

The Populueum continues no longer good than a year, because its coo•• Vertue is through time quite lost, and the heat of the Grease which enters into 〈◊〉〈◊〉 composition, Surmounts the refrigerating quality of the other ingredient it provokes sleep, is good for feaverish persons, and for Head-akes proceeds from heat, if the fore-head and temples be Anointed with it; It is also very goe to be given for cooling in Glysters, useing betwixt two and four Ounces 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it at a time.

As for the refrigerating Ointment of Galen, it is mighty refreshing as cooling.

There are also other Emplasters and Ointments much in use for horses, to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Diachylum Magnum, which mollifies hardnesses, and either resolves Swelling or brings them to maturity; The Nutritum, otherwayes called Triphar••••••

which is good for the imperfections of the skin, and to dry up Ulcers; The Unguen∣tum De Belo, which Cools, Binds, and Strengthens, it is good in the beginning of hot defluxions, especially for Erysipelys; The Pompholix, for pricks and Street-Nails, and besides, it also dryes up Ulcers; The Stiptick Ointment, for horses whose funda∣ments fall out, by reason of the violence occasioned by some effort or stress.

Sect. 2. Of other Ointments and Emplasters made use of for Horses.

THe Emplast: of Melilot, Mollifies all hardnesses and dispells wind.* 1.4

The Basilicon, Ripens by cleansing and drawing.

The Ʋnguent. Rubrum, incarnates, Asswageth pain, and healeth up wounds.

The Ʋng. Egyptiacum, cleanses Ulcers and Fistulaes, removes Corruption, and eats away the Dead-flesh more powerfully then the Ʋng. Aposlolorum; as also it dryes up wounds.

The Emplast: Divinum, is good for Malignant Ulcers, it consumes their putre•• faction, and advances the ripening of Tumours.

I shall here give you the Receipt of a Plaister,* 1.5 for easing the pains occasioned by Corns in Mens feet, which I have alwayes found succeed very well; Take three Drams of Emplast. Divinum, and puting it into a little glazed earthen pot, melt it over a gentle heat, adding to it a small spoonful of Olive Oil, to keep the plaister from burning as it melts; being melted take it from the fire, continually stirring it about, and when it begins to cool, add to it one Dram of good sweet Sublimate in fine Powder, and continue still stirring it off the fire, until it be perfectly cold: Take a little of this Plaister, and spreading it upon either a piece of fine Linnen cloath or Cambrick, apply it to the Corns, and let it continue at them for 24 hours, at the end of which time as you are going to bed, remove the Plaister, and with your Nail scratch as much from your Corns, as you can conveniently take away, after which apply the very same Plaister again, and I assure you, within two days you will scarcely feel any pain; after four dayes apply a fresh plaister, continueing still to scratch your Corns, at the end of every 24 hours as you go to bed, and at last you will take them wholly away, but after the second day you will have no more pain.

The Emplast: Oxycrotium, mollifies hardnesses, and removes pains proceeding from a cold cause.

The Emplast: Aureum, is good for agglutinating, incarnating, and easing pain, as also for making the hoofs grow.

The Emplast: De Betonica, is good for wounds and Ulcers in the head.

The Diapalma which the Apothecaries call Diacalcitios (a strange and hard word only to amuse people) stops Defluxions, and heals Ulcers.

"The Ointment of Montpelier, for Swellings and to strengthen. "The Dukes Ointment, for Tumors and hot Inflammations. "The Ʋng: Oppodeldoch, for dryed up, and torn or rent shoulders. "The Hermits Ointment, is admirable for Horses Wounds. "Monsieur Curty's Plaister, for pricks in the feet and Street-Nails "The Ointment of Plantane, for Brittle-hoofs and to make the horn grow.

These six last Compositions, are those most made use of for horses, and are de∣scribed in the 2d Part of this Book, as may be seen by the Alphabetical Table, which is at the end of the said part.

I shall here also set down Black-Soap, although it is properly neither ranked amongst Ointments nor Plaisters, but seeing it is a powerful resolver of Tumors and Swellings, and also that it is excellent for drying up the white, corrupt, and stinking Humors in Horses Legs, I thought it deserved to be set down in this place.

There are many other Oyntments and Plaisters in the 2d Part, which are almost all of my own invention; there are likewise a great many Descriptions of Oils, Ointments, Plaisters &c. In Bauderon, Du Renou, Scroderus, and in the Works of la Franaboisiere, as also in the new Dispensatory of Zwelfer, and several others, who all of them show their Compositions and Vertues.

Sect. 3. Of the Oyls commonly made use of for horses.

THe Oil of,* 1.6 Violets takes away Inflammations, tempers the heat of Impostum•• and eases pain.

The Oil of Lillies, heats, resolves, and digests humors which occasion pain.

The Oil of Iris, removes akes proceeding from a cold Cause, and advances the ripe∣ning of Tumors; it penetrates more powerfully, and is a greater Resolver than the Oil of Lillies, but is less Anodyne.

The Common Oil of Roses is good for inflammations, it keeps back Defluxions, a•••• is good for stopping the impetuous motion of humors.

The Oleum Rosarum Omphacinum, is more cooling than the former, and is excel∣lent for akes or pains proceeding from a hot Cause; it also fortifies the Stomack and o∣ther intestines, and is astringent.

The Oil of Camomil or Melilot, heats and resolves indifferently; it also eases pairs proceeding from a cold cause, and strengthens wonderfully the Nerves.

The Oilof Hypericum, which we call St Johns Wort, is the true Balsam of the Nervous parts, it cures Burnings, and pricks with Nails or Stubs, and is also Ano∣dyne and Diuretick.

The Oil of Laurel or Bayes, I mean that which is true, and not that which is com∣monly sold in Parts, in which there is not above the fourth part of the Oil of L•••••• and the other three only of Swines Seam, to which they give the true Colour by a little Verdigrise in fine powder; it is not I say this kind of it which I here mean, but the••e and unsophisticate Oil of Laurel, which resolves powerfully, and gives ease 〈◊〉〈◊〉 indispositions of all the parts proceeding from a cold cause, but especially to those 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Nerves and Joynts.

The Oil of Dwarf-Alder-Seeds, asswages all kind of Akeings in the joynts, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sipates gross Phlegm.

The Oil of Earth-worms, is good for the Nerves, all pains in the joynts, and is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Anodyne or softning.

The Oil of Rue, is a great Resolver, it heats and attenuats gross humors, exp•• wind, and is good for the Colick and Convulsion.

The Oil of Marjoram, is good for the Nerves, and the cold affection the Brain.

The Oil of Gabian, is an Oily juice or rather Bitumen, which comes forth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Water, in a spring near Besiers in Languedock; it is hot as are all the Petrolaus 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Bitumenous Oils proceeding from Rocks, whereof Dioscorides discourses at large, and is good for pricks, Street-nails, &c. it also fortifies, resolves, and attenuats or makes this Viscuous and thick humors, it is also good for the Nerves, and all pains proceeding from a cold cause.

The Oil of Petrolaeum is more penetrating than the Gabian, and hath the same effect only it causes a greater Inflammation and Swelling; it is good for the strains of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 shoulders and Haunches, and other fleshy parts, where there is a necessity for the M••••∣cament to soke through the Flesh, that so it may dissipate the Humors the Gathered.

The Oleo Dysasso, is a kind of Petrolaeum clear as Essence; it is found in the Te∣tories of the Duke of Modena, and is commonly also sold at Parma, as well as in Moles it is a kind of Petrolaeum which is rare in France, and is as penetrating as any, ••e•• composed of very subtile parts; it is admirable for all cold pains, and resolves powe••∣fully, but it must be used with discretion, because it is extreamly hot.

The Essence or Oil of Turpentine, is excellent for the Nervous parts, and strains in the joynts; but then it must not be often applyed to one part, for it would burn the Skin, and make it fall away in pieces

There are several other kinds of Oils, but because it would be Tedious to set down here all their Vertues, therefore if you desire to know them, and which is more, to compose them, look to the Alphabetical Table at the end of the second Part; or other∣wise read the Authors I have already cited, as also Joubert, Rondelet, and others.

Sect. 4 Of the distilled Waters commonly made use of for Horses.

FOr the Infirmities of the Eyes, people make use of the Waters of Celandin,* 1.7 Eye bright, Fennel, Roses, and Honey-suckle.

For the Breast and Lungs, that of the Burr-dock, Camomil, Elecampane, Colts-foot, and Violets.

The Cordial-Waters, are those of Carduus benedictus, Borrage, Bugloss, Roses,* 1.8 and Violets; these four last are the four Cordial Flowers.

As also the Waters of Spanish Scorzonera, Mead-sweet, Scabious, and others, where of the use is admirable in Horses Fevers.

The Waters for the Liver, are those of Agrimony, and the Sharp poynted Dock.

The Waters which provoke Urine, are those of Parsly Roots, Radishes, Juniper ber∣ries, Pellitory of the Wall, and Gromel.

Those which provoke Sweat, are the Waters of Carduus benedictus, Mead-sweet, and Butter-burr.

The Vulnerary Water, and second Water, in French Eau Seconde, are good for Wounds, which have false, proud, and spongeous Flesh growing about them, because they take away its itching quality.

These are in short the Ointments, Plaisters, Oils, and Waters which people make most commonly use of for Horses, as also those which are expresly appropriate to the tem∣perature of Horses, as you may see more at large in the 2d. Part.

Notes

• * 1.1

  CHAP. LXXIII The Names and Vertues of Ointments Emplasters &c. com∣only made use of for horses.
• * 1.2

  The four hot Ointments.
• * 1.3

  The four cold Ointments.
• * 1.4

  Sect. 2.
• * 1.5

  An approved re∣ceipt for Corns in mens feet.
• * 1.6

  Sect. 3.
• * 1.7

  Sect. 4.
• * 1.8

  The cordial waters, and Flowers.