The Swedish intelligencer. The second part. VVherein, out of the truest and choysest informations, are the famous actions of that warlike prince historically led along: from the victory of Leipsich, unto the conquest of Bavaria. The times and places of every action, being so sufficiently observed and described; that the reader may finde both truth and reason in it.

Generall Tillyes Proceedings.

NO one Act of this brave Chieftaines hath made him so much spoken of, (and with respect too) as that misfortune of his at the Battell of Leipsich. Vulgar people dye, and are forgotten: but this shewes how great a part of the world, and how principall a personage this man was, who still gave occasion to the first question of Newes, Is Tilly yet alive? To satisfie the Rea∣ders that he was not dead, (no nor never lay by it) we will here present you with the Diary or Iournall of his first shif∣tings up and downe. And these be the Gifts of his Progresse.

He was defeated at Leipsich, September 7. 1631. From whence turning himselfe to the Westward (like the declining Sunne) and keeping along by the River Sala; he flees first unto Hall:* 1.1 where he gat his wounds dressed; and whence together with the Counts of Furstenberg and Pappenheim, away the next day hee hasted. Bending then a little to the North-West-ward; to Ascherleben hee hyes: where upon Fryday, September ninth, hee arryved. Hence wrote hee unto Generall Altringer: and this was the Copy of his Letter.

* 2.1My Lord, I am now arryved at Ascherleben: where I have a purpose and resolution to r'allee as many of our scattered and dispersed troopes, as we can possibly get together againe in this Dukedome* 2.2. I now write this my fourth letter unto you, to acquaint you with my desires: and earnestly withall to require you, that you keepe your selfe in a continuall ready∣nesse, and stand upon your guard with your whole army, in the best manner that you can. We cannot yet learne, which way the enemy is likely to turne his Armes; he may perhaps

make towards you: for which reason I could advise you, that for your better safetie and securitie, you would hasten to joyne your selfe unto those troopes of ours which are already in Hessen; and altogether to assault the Landtgraves forces, as lively as possibly you can. I desire you, that as time will give you leave; you acquaint me with the newes of your parts, and the order of your proceedings. Your letters may be conueighed to me by the way of Halberstat: whereabouts I am as yet, and am likely for a while to continue.

Ascherleben, September 9/19. 1631.

Your very well affectioned, Iohn, Count of Tilly.

Hence goes he onwards into the Dukedome of Bruns∣wicke, unto Halberstat: which is full fourescore English miles from the place of the late battel. Here finds he 18 troops of his owne horse, which had beene gotten thither before him. Now (in Brunswick-land) was Tilly at home, (as it were:) for hereabouts had the Emperour bestowed divers lands and Lordships upon him, which had belonged unto Christian late Duke of Brunswick and Bishop of Halberstat, whom Tilly had ouerthrowne. Vpon the Church doores all herea∣bouts, sets he up his Si quisses and his Patents:* 2.3 to give notice unto such of his Colonells and Captaines, as were yet fleeing they knew not whither: where they might find him, and such fragments of their owne troopes, as were already heard of. Perceiving himselfe not yet safe enough hereabouts, for that some of the Swedish Horse were even now skowring the coast up and downe, even upon the frontiers of this Bruns∣wick-land and Magdenburg; so nettled he was at the newes of it; that even old and wounded though he were, yet upon Tuesday, Septemb. 13. (the sixth day after the battell) away from Halberstat he speeds for life. The (new) Administrator of

Halberstat, Iohn Reinhard Metternich, he takes away with him; and all the Souldiors of the neighbour garrisons.

Thence scapes he to Osterwick, foure leagues further: and so along in the Bishopricke of Hildesheim. Bending here a little more southerly; unto Alfeldt (tenne or eleven leagues further) he comes,* 2.4 upon Satterday Septemb. 17, just tenne dayes after the battell. In which time, (allowing him the neerest way, and by a line too) he had gone full seven score English miles of ground. The reliques of his army had runne as fast as he too; so that well might it be called a flying march. But to make it more possible to beleeve; namely, that his Foote should have gotten thus farre in this short time; you are to take notice, that they had beene well lightned of their Armes and Luggage: so that hither they recovered, all light and unarmed.

Being here out of Gun-shot, he now makes his second stay, for the gathering up of more remaines of his army. Hence after a while sloaping a little to the South-West, to Huxter he goes in the Bishopricke of Corbey in Westphalia: whither he recovered, Septemb. 25: having first laid a bridge over the faire River of Weser, for the passage of his people. Here begins he to forme an Army againe; to augment which, he hath a re-enforcement of 3000 Foote, and 2000 Horse (as some write) out of the diocesse of Cullen: which might indeed easily enough come up to him thorow the County of Waldeck. Here also he recruits his old shatterd Regiments with some few levyes;* 2.5 and hither from Hamelen (a Towne some sixe leagues to the Northward of Huxter; and on the same side of the Weser) came there twelve peeces of Can∣non, and such other necessaryes of warre, as that Magazine afforded. All these hee had before sent for, to meete him there. It is a very good place for an army to be formed in; for hereabouts are abundance of pretty fine Townes, a rich Country, and which had not of late been rifled. By this time, was he said to have an Army of 10000 men together: which supposing to be true; then it plainely appeares, that he never,

hitherto, had re-assembled full 5000 of his old army. This observation is to be made good by this argument: that the 5000 which were sent him from Cullen, and these other new levyed men too; are all to be discounted out of those ten thousand.

Perceiving a likelyhood of some stirres hereabout (which did indeed breake out* 2.6 a little after that) he leaves the Count of Gronsfelt in that new made leaguer with part of the forces, to be his Lieftenant in the parts upon the Weser. Within two or three dayes after, himselfe with the greatest part of the Army, marches unto Warburg in the Bishopricke of Pader∣born; which standeth upon the river Dimel, that parteth this Bishoprick from the land of Hessen. The reason of his draw∣ing towards these quarters was, to meete with Altringer, Fugger and Mansvelt, whom he had written unto: as also to be neerer to the Count of Sultz; who was on the other side of Hessen, betwixt Fulda and the Mayn. And these were the forces which Tilly mentioned in his Letters to Altringer, to be in the land of Hessen. The Duke of Lorrayn also with his Army, was now upon the march thitherward; and unto all these, had Tilly written to come and meete him. Having perfecter notice at this place of the Kings being gone beyond Erfurt towards Franconia; and that he had left pursuing of him: he turnes more Southerly upon it. Keeping himselfe therefore upon the very edges of Waldeck, and Hessen (a small River being his guide) he comes first unto Gudersberg, two miles West of the River of Fulda: which his men plun∣der and burne. Thence more Southerly still,* 2.7 unto Fritzlar in Hessen, twenty English miles from Warburg: which the Landgrave had newly taken from the Elector of Mentz.* 2.8 This was the last day of September. October the second, forward he moves againe: spoyling Bercken the same day, a Dutch league from Fritzlar. This he did, to flesh his souldiors up∣on an enemies countrey. That night, was there a Partee sent to Bischehausen; a small open village, a league beyond that. Hither had the countrey Boores driven their cattell; for that

the village is on three sides fenced by two small rivers, which meete at it. A troope of the Landgraves Horse, had the poore people also for their protection. The Tillians flye upon this booty, beate the Boores and their guards; and begin to drive away their cattell.

The garrison of Zigenhaim (a good strong towne of the Landgraves, some five English miles to the South of that) comming time enough in to the rescue, beat off the Tillians againe. Both parties being re-inforced by their owne; some 300 are slaine on one side or other; and Tilly being onward on his march, those of his were faine to leave the skirmish, and follow after the army. Thus the fray parted, the Tillians marching off, with the Hessens cattell. The next day, Tuesday, October 4, going on stil Southerly; he effects what he so much desired,* 2.9 the uniting of his army with Altringer and Fugger: with whom the Count of Mansvelts forces were now also conioyned. To fetch up whose Story, let us now goe backe againe, and so goe with them along alltogether.

This Henry Otho Lord Fugger, is one of the Fuggers of Auspurg, who are the greatest Family of Merchants and Bank∣ers of all Europe. As for Altringer, his good parts meerly had preferd him: a thing rare in the Empire, where Gentry is so much stood upon.* 2.10 The sonne he was of a Towne-Clerke, or such like Pen and inckhorne-man, which kind of vocation is too much dis-respected in Germany. His education was first in the Ʋniversities: and after that, in the Chancery at Prague; where he was first a Clerke, and then an Advocate. His rare learning, (for he hath one of the best penns of Ger∣many) and his sharpe wit, preferred him quickly from that place.

Applying himselfe unto the warres; he was (to omit the rest) with Command employed into Italy, in the late warres of Mantua: which being ended, he returned with his army into Germany. How he pieced in with Fugger, and how up∣on the hearing of Tillies defeate at Leipsich, they both retyred thorow the Duringer Forrest; I leave to be read in my First

Part. Some 6000 men, they were both together said to have at that time: with whom they first of all retired unto Isenach. About Fulda lay one of the Counts of Mansfelt (of which there be 5 Families) with whom they now conioyned. Their army they more encreased, with some new levies of such poore and young people, as they could in that haste and feare, ramble up together. Altringer, upon the receipt of Tillies letters, beginnes to turne that way towards him. Keeping the river of Werra close upon their right hand, they upon Tues∣day, September 27. arrive at Munden,* 2.11 in the Northern edge of Hessen-land; where the river Fulda falleth into the Werra. Thorow this Towne, they were marching from 8 to 4 the next day, and were reported to be 54 Cornets of Horse, and 82 Companies of Foote; some 10000 or 11000 men in all perchance: of which, a many were observed to be boyes and raw souldiers.

About halfe a league without Munden, they the same day pitcht their Campe: expecting that Tilly should thither have comne unto them. Tilly, to the same end, was some 2 dayes since, comne as neere to them as Warburg; some 18 or 20 Eng∣lish miles to the North-East of Munden. The armies now hea∣ring one of another, and that the Landgrave of Hessen was with his forces, at that time, neere unto his owne Towne of Cassel upon the river of Fulda; they determine both together to fall into his Country; Tilly on the West side of the river Fulda, and Altringer upon the East; to spoyle that first, and then to conioyne their forces. This last, they the 4 of October thorowly performed.

Being united, they might altogether make up some 18000 men, Horse and Foote; but ill cloath'd and arm'd, God knowes. Their first march was to Grebenaw; a walled Towne some 4 English miles from the river Fulda, which runneth thorow the middest of Hessen. Here they pitch, and rest some night or two, to consult and order their businesse. Thence goe they to Schlicz: a good towne, so named of the river it stands up∣on. Hence, October 6 to Fulda, a great Abby where they

againe stay and muster. I take no notice of Gallobelgicus his nū∣bers; who as he allowes 18000 men to Altringer alone, so he affoords 182 troopes of Horse unto both together, beside a very great number of Foote also. Gallobelgicus (I perceive) goes by Geometricall proportion, makes London measure now and then, and tels sixescorce to the hundred: he gives too much credit (I meane) to great reports every where.* 2.12 A hundred eighty two troopes of good Horse, (Tillies were very good) and a full hundred to each troope, will come to 18200 men: which (had Tilly had the leading) would have gone neere at that time, to have over-runne all Germany. The King of Swe∣den was but very weake in Horse at the Battell of Leipsich; nor had he as yet very much encreased them: and had Tilly now had but halfe so many Horse as 182 troopes; he would never have turned his head from the King of Sweden. A hun∣dred eighty two Cornets and Ensignes of Horse and Foot to∣gether, might be the list of all their Armies: and might make up 18000 men; which Gallobelgicus allowes Altringer alone. And these two numbers might confound him. But this by way of discourse.

Here having newes of the King of Swedens beleagring of Wurtsburg, the Imperiall Generalls consult how to levy the siege; but hearing againe of his taking the Castle, and of the other Townes he had gotten upon the banks of the Mayn:* 2.13 they make the more haste to conioyne themselues with the Lorrayn army. Marching with good speede, thereupon, unto Aschaffenburg upon the Mayn, some three dayes march from Fulda; hither October 10 came the Duke of Lorrayn to see the Generall Tilly. The next day, is Altringer sent o∣ver the Mayn towards these Lorrayners: so that upon Mun∣day,* 2.14 October 17, was that coniunction made also. More of this, we have before told you, in the Story of these Lor∣rayners.

Whilst here (about Aschaffenburg) he lyes: he October 16. sends 3000 towards Werthaim, which were defeated: and so are three Regiments more of his about Rotenburg,

October 21. as we have before told you. In this Interim too, he sollicites Hanaw: and being denyed, he passes the Main,* 2.15 and takes in Babenhausen Towne and Castle, belonging unto the Count of Hanaw Buxviller: but empawned unto the Elder Count of Hanaw. The Lorrayners being comne within three leagues of him (which is neere enough for vniting) part of his forces about that very day, roave up and downe as farre as Franckford on the Mayn: many of them went into the very Towne, more being without the Ports; a great part of them very poore, and as yet unarmed. They came now as friends or Neuters, or Passengers to the Towne: for Tilly had not yet sollicited Franckford to take in a garrison:* 2.16 nor till five or sixe dayes after. At which time he requesting, and the Towne denying; he goes by Selingstat towards the Bergstraes: which is that part of the Palatinate on the same side of the Rhine with him. All along hereabouts (namely in the land of Darmstat and the Bergstraes) for certaine dayes he lay: and verily beleeved it was, that he would have gone along the Bergstraes to Manheim and Heidleberg, and there have staid for the defence of the Palatinate.* 2.17 Some of his men (if not himselfe) were advanc't that way as farre as right against Oppenheim, in the beginning of November: whenas judging by the taking of Hanaw, that the King would also come downe towards Franckford, and so hazzard to coope him up into the Palatinate; he all on the sudden, about the fou••th or fifth of November, turnes backe againe towards the Lorrayn army at Miltenburg. And here,* 2.18 the Mayn croo∣king away many leagues to the Northward; he leaving it up∣on the left hand, goes directly unto Oxenfurt: where the Mayn comes about as low againe, as at Miltenburg. What he did in the way; and what passed at Oxenfurt, we have be∣fore told you in the Kings Story.

Here the King and the Count of Tilly part againe: and Ossa, who had beene Commissary to the Lorrayn Army be∣fore, goes now along with Tilly towards Norimberg: a little before the end of November, comming backe againe

from thence,* 2.19 unto his charge, the Lorrayners. Ossa by ver∣tue partly of his Commission (which was Imperiall) and part∣ly by vertue of some of Tillyes forces; takes in the Imperiall City of Rotenburg upon the Tauber,* 2.20 which the Kings men had before taken. Twelve thousand Dollars he drew from the Magistrates; nor could hee hinder his souldiours after∣wards from plundering of the City: which I impute not unto the Injustice of the Generalls, but unto the hunger and unrulynesse of the Souldiours; who having had no pay in a long time, could not here be so well governed. With the same sawce, they served all the Dorps and smaller villages, thereabouts.

And now, it seemes, was the Army devided; not mar∣ching all together in one grosse: for part of it at the same time tooke in Winshaim,* 2.21 an Imperiall City towards the North: and another Division, went to Guntzenhausen: al∣most forty Euglish miles from that, towards the South: both Armies meeting againe about Norimberg. Those that tooke Guntzenhausen, went thence unto the Imperiall City of Weissenburg, about foure or five English miles more to the South-East, where Tilly left a small garrison. About an English mile from which, and upon an hill on the North side;* 2.22 stands the strong castle of Wilsburg, belonging unto the young Marquesse of Onspach, Pupill unto his Cosin the Elector of Brandenburg. This being the strongest Passe of all those parts, the Marchionesse Dowager (Mother unto the Yong Lord) is mainely laid at by Tilly, to cause her brother the Count of Solms (Governor of the Castle) to deliver it up into his hands, with all the Ordnance and Ammunition in it. And this, though not presently; yet he after a while wrung from her: into which he put the young Count of Pappenheim (Cosin to Generall Pappenheim) whose Castle is a neighbour unto it. Nor yet did the Lady find any whit the more favour for it: seeing Her Sonnes owne Towne of Onspach,* 2.23 with the Villages of the Marquisate, were by the Tillians taken and plundered, and above 5000 head of great

Cattell gotten away from her Country Subjects. Some vil∣lages, both here, and in the County of Hohenlo, were fired also. Yet was all this, but some of the civilest: most Souldiers (if enemies) would have done as much. The next is barba∣rous: for comming to the Cloyster of Haibron, (twelve Eng∣lish miles from Norimberg) where some of the Marquesses of Onspach (who are of the Electorall house of Brandenburg) lye entombed: the sacrilegious soldiours breake open the vault, and rob the dead corpses of the Marquesses, George Frederike, and Ioachim Ernest, of the Iewels, Rings, and other rich ornaments, with which they were entombed.

Hence went the Generall Tilly unto Swabach; within seven or eight English miles of Norimberg. This goodly Ci∣ty of Norimberg, was the Passe that Tilly all this while aymd at; and which he hoped to enforce to a composition with him. Making his head-quarter therefore at this Swabach, which is on the South of Norimberg; he sends out other of his forces to take in Altorff, Lauff, and Hersbruck, all on the North and East of it.* 2.24 Having thus surrounded the Coun∣try about it, he begins, November 18. to bring his army neerer to the walls, as if to besiege it. Having thus shewd them his power, he sends withall his Messengers into the City, first to have such a proportion of bread &c. given him, and then, to have some Councellors and Doctors sent out to treate with him. The Doctors went to Swabach and there dined with him: unto whom were these demands in the Em∣perors name propounded.

1.* 2.25That the Magistrates should deliver the Count of Solms into his hands; as an officer belonging unto the Emperors ene∣my, the King of Sweden.

2. That they should licence all their forces, and suffer their soldiours to serve under his Colours.

3. That they should stand to their promise lately made, and renounce the Conclusions of Leipsich.

This if they yeelded to him in, he promised to pay them honestly, for all such provisions, as he should demand of

them: and if not, then would he force them to it. The Do∣ctors receiving these demands, promise an answer unto his Ex∣cellency the day following. And indeed he had it; for the Count of Solms, (whose body he so much desired) made a p••r∣sonall tender of himselfe before Tillyes trenches, by a resolute sally the next day: where, with his Regiment of Swedish horse, hee defeated that of the young Prince of Anhalt, and tooke himselfe, with some thirtie of his officers, prisoners. This Iohn George Count of Solms, with his brother William Henry, had each of them a Regiment in the Citie; the first of Horse, and the second of Foot; both newly levyed for the Kings service. Here were also two Counts of Hohenlo: and another Regiment of Colonel* 2.26 Slammersdorffs: so that they had a garrison of some 3000 Horse and Foot: which the Burgers with their sonnes and servants in the towne, could well make up 10000 able fighting men. Some Engineers had the King of Sweden newly sent unto them; who with such haste and skill perfected up the Workes they had begun before Tillyes comming, that they now much cared not for all his threat∣nings. Tillyes approaches went on but slowly; as if he had in∣tended to skare the Citie, rather then besiege it. And indeed it was too big and strong; every way too well supplyed, for Tillyes rawe and ill provided army to meddle withall. Hee wanted both victuals and ammunition for such a siege; be∣sides which, winter was too neerely a comming on, to sit downe to it. Tilly surely was too wise to make a Worke of it. Yet some bravadoes, for his honour sake, did his men make against it: which were with losse daily repulsed by the sallyes of the Counts of Solms and others. Hee lost Slabata a Colonell of the Crabats, before the towne; with many Of∣ficers and Gentlemen of worth moe. Perceiving now his men to begin to runne away into the towne (which they daily did, by tens and twenties in a company:) and that there was no o∣ther contribution to be expected but powder and shot (if hee liked it:* 2.27) he sends to Altringer (who then commanded be∣fore the towne, to draw off the troopes, and to bee rising.

Leaving therefore some 2000 dead, and wounded, and sicke, and halfe starved men behind him, either in the trenches or neighbour villages; he upon the 22 and 23 of November, dis∣lodges with his Army. That which made this sudden rising of his seeme the stranger, was, That it was done in the night: and in such haste too, that his men left some of their baggage-wa∣gons behind them. And if this may be excused, as being done for want rather, then for haste or feare; for that namely they wāted wagon-horses: yet surely his men wanted not stomakes for the sheepe and other victuals left behind them ready dres∣sed, (as I find from 2 severall hands written) & upon the tables too: which verily argued some needlesse feare or haste in them.

At Rot, a Towne some seven English miles to the South of his Head-quarter of Swabach, lay part of his store of Gun∣powder: which being charg'd upon the wagons, and ready now to march after the army, was by negligence set on fire, and 12500 weight of powder blowne up; some peeces of Ordnance spoyled, with other mischiefe done to the am∣munition. The Count of Tilly hearing of this mischance, Now sayes he (with a deepe sigh) doe I evidently perceive all my good fortunes to begin to faile me,* 2.28 and every thing (me thinkes) goes awkwardly with me. The man perchance thought of Magdenburg (or might have done) at the same time. This was reported in Norimberg by one of the officers of Tillyes Ordnance; who had very good meanes to know it.

Count Tilly now perceiving his Army (this deare and dead time) too great to be kept together;* 2.29 which would be need∣lesse too, no enemy being neere; devides his forces thereup∣on: part whereof he kept with himselfe; and part he sent another way, with Cratz and Altringer. The Division reser∣ved to himselfe, marcht from Swabach first of all to Rot; where the powder miscarried: and where he lodged 2 nights to get all things fit againe. Thence went he in the end of the moneth to Donawert upon the Danow; where the Duke of Bavaria met him: and so to Nordlingen in Schwabland, where he staied. The other halfe that went with Altringer

and Cratz, were put into garrison neerer hand: as in the towns of Lauff, Hersbruck and Altorff, hard by Norimberg; and some in Sultzbach, Amberg, and Newmarckt; all Townes of the Ʋpper Palatinate. Colonel Cratz (who having beene Ge∣nerall of the Ordnance,* 2.30 was now made Felt-Marshall) took up his garrison at Amberg, the chiefe City of the Vpper Pa∣latinate; whither all the Officers were to resort for order unto him; that they neede not iourney to the Duke of Bavaria or the Generall Tilly. The Count of Sultz, lay with his men about Weyden upon the river Nab, to the North of Amberg. Merodi and Breda, with their Regiments; were put into A∣verbach, Grafenwerd, and into the Townes and Dorps be∣tweene them. All these townes are on the Northside of the Vpper Palatinate, and towards the Bishoprick of Bamberg. The Generall Tilly engarrisond his men in the Territory called Ries next unto Donawert: and about Giengen in the Diocesse of Elwang, and in the Iurisdiction of Haidenhaim in Schwab∣land, upon the frontiers of Wirtenberg, the next Westerne neighbours unto Nordlingen; where himselfe lay.

In this deviding and lodging of his army, the provident Tilly had two respects especially. The King of Sweden had 2 Armies then on foote; of which, 2 of the Catholike Lea∣guers were in danger: the Bishop of Bamberg namely; who stood in doubt to be every day invaded by Horn:* 2.31 and the Duke of Bavaria, in feare of the King himselfe. To guard the Coun∣tries of these 2 Princes, had Tilly to the most advantage thus disposed of his armies. Those forces that he kept with him∣selfe, were for the safeguard of Bavaria; and the Frontiers of Schwabland and Franconia: against whom, if the King should come the neerest way, thorow the Dukedome of Wirtem∣berg (in which Country he had already some townes and friends; and there at this present, some forces a levying for him) then lay Tilly at Nordlingen right in the Kings way to oppose him. The other troopes were laid in the Vpper Pala∣tinate, so neere unto Bamberg; that if Horn should fall in there, they might strike in, time enough to the reskue. And these

were the 12000 men, with whom Tilly put Gustavus Horn out of Bamberg afterwards. Along with Tilly,* 2.32 went Rodolph Maximilian Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg; now upon Cratz his preferment, made in his place Generall of the Ordnance. The Duke conveighing his Gunns into Donawert, staid him∣selfe there as Governour of the Towne, untill the King beat him out. A thousand of his Horse and 500 Foot, he would faine have thrust upon the Imperiall free City of Ausburg neere to Donawert, to be billeted among them for the 3 win∣ter moneths. This the City put off, by sending some victuals to the souldiers.

This goodly Protestant City of Ausburg,* 2.33 was much pra∣ctised upon, to be wholly gained to the Catholike party. The better to bring about which plot, had the chiefe Officers and Magistracies of the City, beene by the Emperors authority and private working, remooved from the Protestants, and con∣ferred upon the Papists. The Duke of Bavaria (their next neighbour) likewise, pretending I know not what dangers, had by the Papists meanes skrued in some of his new levied Boores. Thither, thereupon, comes Altringer; to take order for the Militia in that City, and Bishopricke, and in the Lord∣ships of the Fuggers. Hitherwards in the beginning of Ia∣nuary following, he remooves all his owne Regiment out of the Vpper Palatinate, which he enquarters about Auspurg. Altringer presently upon this, hearing that his men which he had left in Rotenburg in Franconia, were now endangered by Gustavus Horns people; prepares to relieve them. Much feared he was likewise in the Duchy of Wirtemberg, which beganne to arme against him. But Rotenburg was taken, and his expedition stayed.

About this time of the yeere, the Count of Furstenberg,* 2.34 who had not beene with Tilly since the battell of Leipsich, gives over following of the warres. Pappenheim had beene taken off by the Leaguers, and employed into the Lower Saxo∣ny. Tillyes selfe was resident for the most part in Nordlingen: whither Altringer went now and then also. In the beginning

of this Ianuary, Tilly goes to Donawert, there to meete his old Master the Duke of Bavaria. And there being a likeli∣hood of some motions upon the frontiers of Bohemia and the Ʋpper Palatinate: Tilly makes a iourney from Donawert un∣to Amberg. Two thousand horse he was to take along with him, and his Foote and Ordnance he sent to Weiden, upon the very Westerne frontiers of Bohemia, whence they were to march onwards vnto Egra: towards which towne, the Saxon forces began now to turne them very strongly. The Imperiall Colonel* 2.35 Gotze, Don Balthazar, and the Felt-Marshall Die∣penbach had requested Tilly to this: hoping to drive the Sax∣ons into the midst of them. But this plot, Arnheim prevented. Tilly about Ianuary 10, returnes to Nordlingen againe. Ianuary 18, he takes 13 Peeces of Ordnance out of Wilsburg Castle, which (as we told you) he had wrung from the Marchionesse of Onspach: and these he sends unto Ossa, for the furnishing of Constance and Lindaw.

Neither Tilly, nor his armies, stirred much abroad after this, till the Frost began about February 20: about which time he goes to that part of his Army in the Vpper Palatinate. Febru∣ary 22. He is at Newmarckt, one of the fairest townes of all this Palatinate; and thither all his Horse out of their severall Quarters assembled. Thence goes he to Altorff: where he lodges, Febr. 24. himselfe, Altringer, the Baron of Cronen∣burg and other chiefe Colonells, quartering themselues in the Castle. Here is an Vniversity: the Students whereof were courteously enough used by the Souldiers. Hence marches he away not farre off from Norimberg: whither he againe sends in the Emperors name and his owne, to be of courtesie furni∣shed by them with some provisions. Now was his march directly intended against Gustavus Horn; towards whom he led 12000 men, and 22 Peeces of Ordnance: besides some of the Bavarian Boores, which the Duke their master had put into the Army to learne something. February 27. Tilly enters into Forcheim, the strongest towne of the Bishopricke of Bamberg: whence the next day he went against Gustavus

Horn. The story whereof having before told you; we shall leave him about Hasfurt in the said Bishoprick, till he voids it of himselfe, upon the Kings comming against him. So that the other part of Tillies Proceedings, you are to looke for in Our relation of the Kings march into Bavaria. Whereas, there∣fore, we have heretofore mentioned the Duke of Bavariaes meeting to conferre with Tilly; his ioyning of some of his men with the Tillians: and for that both the Armies were shortly after this put into one body; it shall not be amisse, here to bring in the preparations made by this Duke also; who hath beene so great an Actor and Sufferer in this Germane tragedy, especially seeing that the Scene is next to be laid in his owne Bavaria.

This Prince hath by many beene taxed,* 2.36 (and by some of his own subiects too) how iustly I dispute not: to have beene, if not the plotter and Incendiary; yet the promoter and Boutefeu of a great part of these present troubles. A crafty wise man he is; witnesse those subtill conveiances of his owne ends, for 12 yeeres together: whereby he hath made himselfe both rich and potent. The skill he is said to have, of imposing a Reser∣vednesse upon his owne expressions; and the same art of pallia∣ting his pretences, which Statists call Policy; though in Morality it bee, but a Magnificent dissimulation. These, with some other Cabinet Doctrines, hath he learned at the Iesuites Lectures: whose Disciple he is, and in the highest forme too.

When after the defeate of the Catholike Army at Leipsich, and the comming downe of the Conqueror among the lands of the Leaguers; the Princes of that Confederation were put to the end of their Counsels: the Duke of Bavaria is the man, upon whose greatnesse and credit in the Empire, the hopes of that side were pitcht, for the setting of all right againe. He,* 2.37 to give good example to the rest, sūmons al his subiects generally, all that were able to beare armes (tagg and ragg) to be ready to stand upon the defensive. Some of his Boores he armes too; who for that, when they were Day-laborers, they had beene

used to stopping of gaps; now when they are become souldiers, he employes them (most naturally) to the stopping of passages. These he layes upon his Frontiers. By the end of October, had he gotten some 10, or 12000 of them arm'd and trained: and was resolved (as twas given out) to have sent them to the Em∣perours Army in Bohemia, against the Saxons. This expediti∣on was arrested by the newes of the Saxons taking of Prage; and He put unto new Counsayles. The danger growing neerer upon his countrey, by the King of Swedens taking of the Bi∣shopricks of Wurtsburg & Bamberg; the Duke procures a Diet of the Catholike-Leaguers: which for the more honour unto him whom they so much relyed upon, was held at Landshut in Bavaria, and in November. Here doe the Princes resolve, up∣on the levying of a new Army at their common Charges: whereof his Highnesse the Duke of Bavaria, was to be Ge∣neralissimo;* 2.38 and his Creature the Count of Tilly, Generall, as before. To this Army of the Leaguers, was his Imperiall Ma∣jestie pleased likewise, that some of his Forces should be conjoyned: so that both Imperiall and Leaguish forces, went henceforth to the making of one Army.

The Duke hereupon reenforces his owne levyes, for which Donawert is the Rendezvous. By this time (as it appeares) had His Highnesse beene sollicited by some of the contrary party, to come over to their side: the greatnes of the King of Sweden, able to doe him wrong; the oppression of the Princes of Ger∣many, whom that King sought but to deliver; the ambitious rising of the Emperour and House of Austria, now ayming more at Monarchy, then at the propagation of the Catholike Religion; and the Dukes owne disliking of divers of the Em∣perours actions in that kinde; were urged for some of the ar∣guments to draw him on, and to breake off both with the League and Emperour. I suppose that the French Ambassador then resident with him, was one of the Orators to perswade with him. It seemes likewise, that some hopes of prevayling were conceived; yea and some speeches too, given out to that purpose. But the Duke now taking regrett at the hearing of

it, and sorry that his honour should be traduc'd, by the mista∣king of his constant purposes to the other side and cause: hee immediately thereupon sets out a publike Manifesto or Decla∣ration of his resolution; which,* 2.39 (to shew the earnestnesse of his intention) was penned in a high and sharpe streine: and by the furious undiscreet zeale showne in it to the Saints and Ro∣mish religion; the spightfull pen-and-inck-horne termes a∣gainst the Protestants: the quotations of Scriptures, and some such other Characters: the Readers will collect that the Dukes Confessor had a hand in it, as well as his Secretary. Tis well worth the reading: but being something long, I have referr'd it till the end of the Kings Story; that wee might not here make too long an interruption.

To goe on. About mid-December the Duke procures ano∣ther Diet at Ingolstat:* 2.40 where himselfe was present about the twelfth of that moneth. The Dyet continued untill after Christ∣mas: and in it was the Proposition made among the Leaguers,* 2.41 upon what Termes (by meanes of the French King,) they should desire, and accept of the Neutralitie. Now are their Ambassadors dispatched unto the King of Sweden, then at Mentz. They treated, as a distinct party from the Emperour: and for that the Duke of Bavaria was the chiefe person; the negotiation was in his name, or he (at least) was the first man named in it.

The craftie Duke (that hee might have two strings to his bowe) privately sends another Ambassadour (his Chancellor Donnersberg namely) unto his Imperiall Majesty at the same time: of whose negotiation, these were the Requests or Pro∣positions made unto the Emperour.

1. That Caesar would be pleased not to take it ill, that the Duke his Master had no more potently hitherto assisted his Majestie in these Warres; seeing it lay not in his power,* 2.42 to represse the King of Sweden. Yea, and that by the Archduchesse he had beene advised not to meddle with that King, without sufficient preparations: but so long to spinne out the time, un∣till the Army of the Romane Catholiks could be ready to assist

him. Furthermore, his Duchy of Bavaria was so weakely by nature situated; as it was no wayes sufficient to hold out against such a Power, as that King had at present.

2. He very well hoped, that* 2.43 That man, whom at the in∣stant request of the Electorall Colledge in the Diet of Ratis∣bone 1630, Caesar had cashiered from his Generalship; hee would not now call to the place againe, without the know∣ledge of the same Colledge. And notwithstanding that the Duke his Master for his part had beene constrained to winke at some things, by reason of the present danger; yet he hum∣bly intreated in the meane time, that if a Generall must of ne∣cessitie be sent into the Empire, the Imperiall Army might neither passe thorow, nor be sent into his Duchy of Bavaria.

3. And because things in the Palatinate seemed to foreshew an alteration, (the King being already Master of so many pla∣ces there) he humbly requested of his Imperiall Majesty, that that part of the Archduchy of Austria called* 2.44 Ober-Ens, which had before beene * empawned to him; His Majesty would now please to returne againe unto him.

4 Hereupon he promised to assist his Imperiall Majesty to the uttermost of his power; and to keepe off all molestations from the Archduchy of Austria. For which purpose, he had already blockt up the passages upon the Danuby with his Boores, and made all provisions for the defence of Ober-Ens.

The Duke being gladly entertained by the Emperour here∣upon, and having made his advantages of the Treaty of Neu∣trality with the King, (of which wee before told you) still continues his warlike preparations. About the end of Ianuary, and beginning of February; hee sends some forces towards Amberg in the Vpper Palatinate:* 2.45 intending to keepe some 5 or 6000 men thereabouts. When Tilly was afterwards driven that way, he then mixes his new-levyed Boores, among Tillyes old Legions: of whom, when any numbers marcht in a body by themselves; Tilly was faine to send some of his old souldiours along to bee their Keepers,* 2.46 and to stave them off from ravaging of the Countrey. When (after this) the King

was gotten into Bavaria, faine then would he have treated to compound the matter: but neither would the King lose more time, nor trust him that was too much governed by the Iesuites. The first overture to the Treaty,* 2.47 was made by the French Ambassador: and the second, by the Duke of New∣burgs: both times as by mediators or third partyes, to save the Dukes honour. But most eagerly was the King pressed to it, by the French Ambassador, then resident with the Duke: who angred his Majesty now and then, with his importu∣nitie.

After his army was beaten at the Lech, his chiefe rendez∣vous and retreate, was Ingolstat: where when the King was on one side of the Danuby, the Duke and his army were upon the tother. There,* 2.48 had he gotten some 14000 men to∣gether againe: with whom, when the King rose from In∣golstat, then went he to Ratisbone, in Dutch called Regens∣purg. Thereabouts he keeps for a while: and invites Wallen∣stein to joyne with him. Those of Regenspurg complaine, of the ill disciplining of his army; whom His owne presence and justice, in executing divers plunderers, could not yet reduce into good order. To draw the King the sooner out of his Country; he sends his Lieftenant Generall Cratz, to take in Weissenburg: himselfe in the meane time continuing about Ingolstat and Regenspurg. Hither when Cratz was come againe, Bavaria marches with his whole Army into the Ʋpper Palatinate; where, upon confidence of Wallensteins being at his backe; hee about Schwandorff, thrusts him∣selfe before the Kings face, just betwixt him and Bohemia. In which posture, we for this time leave him to expect Walenstein, and turne againe unto the King of Sweden.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The way of his flight.
• * 2.1

  His Letter un∣to Altringer.
• * 2.2

  Of Bruns∣wicke.
• * 2.3

  Tilly gathe•• his army a••
• * 2.4

  ••e continues ••s flight.
• * 2.5

  ••ly formes a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Army.
• * 2.6

  By the risi•••• of the Duke Lunenburg an•• the Bishop o•• Bremen, and the Landgrav•• of Hessen.
• * 2.7

  Tilly falls into Hessen.
• * 2.8

  Takes Fritzlar
• * 2.9

  ••e ioynes with Altringer, &c.
• * 2.10

  The Story of Altringer and Fugger.
• * 2.11

  They march ioyne with T••
• * 2.12

  ••••at forces ••••••ly now had.
• * 2.13

  ••••lly goes to∣••••rds the Mayn
• * 2.14

  ••ynes with ••c Lorrayners.
• * 2.15

  Takes Baben∣hausen.
• * 2.16

  Sollicites Franckford.
• * 2.17

  Goes into the Bergstraes.
• * 2.18

  Turnes backe into Franconia.
• * 2.19

  Ossa goes a∣••ong with Til∣••y.
• * 2.20

  ••nd takes Ro∣••enburg.
• * 2.21

  ••nd Winshaim.
• * 2.22

  Tilly takes Weissenburg.
• * 2.23

  and rifles the Marquisate of Onspach.
• * 2.24

  Tilly sets do before Norim¦berg.
• * 2.25

  His deman••
• * 2.26

  Five Regi∣••ents sayes ••e short and ••••lse Arma ••ecica.
• * 2.27

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 raises his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 from No∣••••erg.
• * 2.28

  Tillyes heart begins to mis∣give him.
• * 2.29

  He devides his Army, and puts them into gar∣rison.
• * 2.30

  Cratz made Field-Marshall vnto Tilly.
• * 2.31

  The reason why Tilly thus de∣vides his army.
• * 2.32

  Saxon-Lawen∣burg made Ge∣nerall of the Ordnance.
• * 2.33

  Popish practises upon Ausburg.
• * 2.34

  The Count of Furstenberg re¦signes his charge.
• * 2.35

  This is he ••at destroyed aswalk: as you ••ay see in our first Part.
• * 2.36

  The Duke of Bavariaes sto••
• * 2.37

  He summons his people to defence.
• * 2.38

  ••s appointed Generalissimo of the Leaguish forces.
• * 2.39

  Set out his Manifeste.
• * 2.40

  A Diet at In∣golstat.
• * 2.41

  He sends one Ambassadour unto the King and another t•• the Emperour at the same time.
• * 2.42

  His propositi∣ons to the Em¦perour.
• * 2.43

  He meanes Vallenstein. ••ou see what ••ood blood ••ere yet was, ••etwixt these ••o.
• * 2.44

  ••upra Anisum. For the ••••kes charges 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the late ••arres of Bo∣••mia: which ••e Emperour ••ting againe, ••d in Lieu of ••m granted 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Duke those ••ces in the ••latinate.
• * 2.45

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 sends men ••o the Vpper ••latinate.
• * 2.46

  ••ynes with ••••lly.
• * 2.47

  Would treate with the King.
• * 2.48

  Retires to Jn∣golstat and R••¦genspurg.