The remaining medical works of that famous and renowned physician Dr. Thomas Willis ...: Viz I. Of fermentation, II. Of feavours, III. Of urines, IV. Of the ascension of the bloud, V. Of musculary motion, VI. Of the anatomy of the brain, VII. Of the description and uses of the nerves, VIII. Of convulsive diseases : the first part, though last published, with large alphabetical tables for the whole, and an index ... : with eighteen copper plates / Englished by S.P. esq.

CHAPTER. XI. Of the Distempers commonly called Hypochondriack, which is shown to be, for the most part Convulsive: briefly also of Chalybeats or Steel-Medicines.

IN the foregoing Chapters, we have clearly shown, that the Passions called hysterical, do not allways proceed from the womb, yea, more often from the head being distemper'd; next we shall inquire concerning the hypochondriacal Distempers, of what original and nature they are, and upon the fault of what parts they chiefly depend. The vulgar opinion is, that the symptoms wont to accompany this disease, are wholly produced from the spleen; wherefore, they are ascribed very much to vapours, arising from this inward, and variously run∣ning up and down, here and there; when in truth, these sicknesses for the most part are convulsions, and contractions, of the nervous parts: but that it might appear, by what causes they are wont to be excited, we ought to consider first, the Symptoms themselves, and to place them into some order or rank.

As to the Distempers therefore, which are vulgarly termed hypochondriac, it is observable, that they happen chiefly to men of a melancholly temperament, with a dark aspect, and more lean habit of body: it is rarely, that this disease trou∣bles fair people, with a fresh Countenance, or also those indued with a too Phlegmatic complection: It betrays it self in manifest fignes, about the hight or midest of their Age; men are found to be more frequently obnoxious to this, than women, being made habitual in either, it is very hardly, or not at all to be cured, in women, by reason of their weaker Constitution, it is accompanied, with a great many more Convulsive Distmpers, wherefore, Commonly it is said in this Sex, the hysterical, to be joyned with the hypochondriacal Passion.

The Symptoms which are imputed to this Disease, are commonly very mani∣fold, and are of a divers nature, neither do they observe in all, the like begin∣ning, or the same mutual dependency, among themselves: for they seem in these, most to affect the Inwards of the lower belly, in those the Praecordia, in others the Confines of the Brain: and in most, though not in all, the ventricle labours much; concerning the appetite it is often too much, but presently burthened with what it hath taken in; and when the food, staying longer in it, by reason of slowness of Concoction, their Saline particles being carried forth into a flux, pervert the whole mass of the Chyle, into a pulse or pottage, now Sour, or austere, now salt or sharp: from hence pains of the heart, great breakings forth of blasts, rumbling of winde, and often vomiting succeed; and because of a pneumatick defect, or of Spirits, the Chyme or juice, is not wholly made volatile, and car∣ried forth of doors, but that the ballast of the Viscous or Slimy matter, sticking to the coats of the ventricle, is left behinde; an almost continual Spitting infests them; a distention in the hypochondrium, and often there, and under the ventricle, a cruell pulsation is felt: also there pains ordinarily arise, which run about here and there, and for many hours miserably torment with a certain lancing: In the mean time, from the Contractures of the Membranes, and from the fluctuation of winds, stirred up by that means, rumbling and murmurs are produced: Also in the Thorax, oftentimes there is a great constriction and straitness, that the respiration becomes difficult and troublesome, upon any motion: also, most grievous asthmatical fits fall upon some: moreover, the sick are wont to com∣plain of a trembling, and palpitation of the heart, with a noted oppression of the same: also a sinking down or melting away of the Spirits, and frequent fear of a trance, comes upon them, that the sick think Death is always seising them: In this Region, about the membranes, and chiefly the mediastinum, or that di∣vides the middle of the belly, an accute pain, which is now Circumscrib'd to one part, now extended to the shoulders, is a familiar Symptom of this Disease. But indeed in the head, an Iliad of evills doth for the most part disturb hypochon∣driacal people, to wit, most cruell pains returning at set times, do arise, also

the swimming of the head, and frequent Vertigoes, long watchings, a Sea, and most troublesome fluctuation of thoughts, an uncertainty of minde, a disturbed fancy, a fear and suspition of every thing, an imaginary possession of diseases, from which they are free; also very many other distractions of Spirits, yea some∣times Melancholly, and madness accompany this sickness: besides these interior Regions of the Body beseiged by this Disease, wandring pains, also Convulsions, and numbness, with a sense of pricking, invade almost all the outward parts; nightly Sweats, flushings of the Blood in the face, and the palms of the hands, eratick feavours, and many other Symptoms, of an uncertain original, do eve∣ry where arise; concerning which; forasmuch as the genuine Causes, and the manner of their coming to pass, could not be readily determined, presently all the fault is cast upon the Spleen, and Physitians accuse that, as if it were the chief author of every irregular Distemper; but by what right or authority, by and by shall be sought into: In the mean time, it is to be observed, that the chief Symp∣toms of this sickness, are Convulsive, and depend immediately upon the irregu∣larities of the animal Spirits, and the nervous juice, rather than on the evill dis∣position of the Viscera, serving for Concoction. But indeed, from whence the first rise of this most complicated Disease proceeds, and by what means it brings forth the divers manners of distempers, in so many places, will not be so easie to determine.

It would be a tedious thing, to shew here, what the ancient and modern Phy∣sitians thought of the hypochondriack Passion, and of its essence, and Causes; we will only take notice, that most of them do ascribe this sickly Disposition, to the only fault of the Spleen; In the mean time some contend that the whole confines of this Inward, partaking of part of the fault, the blood flowing every where in the Splenetick, and Epigastric Vessells (or those belonging to the Spleen and belly) for that it being guilty of an hot and dry intemperature, and so obnoxi∣ous to too much fermentation, brings forth the original, or gives a beginning to this manifold evill: But the famous Highmore, affording relief, as well to the Spleen, as the Womb, hath cast the chief Cause of this Disease, wholly on the vitious Constitution of the ventricle; and from thence, he would have the rea∣sons of the aforesaid Symptoms, to be originally sought, But indeed, that he might frame a fit hypothesis, for the solving the Phaenomena of this sickness, he first supposes, the tone of the stomach to become too loose, and weak, that for that reason, it hardly, and very imperfectly Concocts the aliments: so that the thin, and more Spirituous part of the Chyle, being sent from thence, sooner than it ought, to the blood, perverts its disposition, to a hot and sour temper; then the residue of the food, by a longer stay, within the Ventricle, degenerates into a ponderous, and viscous or clammy Phlegme; which also, by its Stagnati∣on (even as it is observable in things to be eaten, being longer kept) becomes very sour, or sharp: But from hence, that learned Man argues, that from the blood made too serous and thin, its effervescencies quickly passing thorow it, are induced: and from the stomach, loaded with ballast of ropy or viscous matter, the winde and distentions of the Ventricle, and hypochondria, as also the belch∣ing, and troublesome Spitting, do arise: whereby indeed, he wholly exempts the Spleen, from this fault, he contends, that it doth neither draw to it self the melancholly dregs of the blood, nor serves for any office whatsoever, about the Sanguification or the making of blood; but that its use almost only consists in this, that this Inward swelling up, or growing turgid with very hot blood, it administers heat to the adjacent Ventricle, and cherishes it with gentle warmth.

Altho I may so far assent to this famous Author, concerning this opinion, that I yield, the ventricle doth often grievously labour in this Distemper, foras∣much as the tone of which, being made lax, and its strength broken, by rea∣son of the indigestion of the aliment, a load of viscous Phlegm, or Petui∣tous matter, is begotten even in its bosom, to which, by reason of the Saline particles, being brought into a flux, by their long stay, oftentimes a notable soarness, and austereness happen; then because the fault in the first Concoction is not mended, the dyscrasies and disorders of the blood, receive that want of digestion in the second: But yet he cannot draw me into that opinion, that the ventricle is always chiefly in the fault, or that the other Symptoms, of the hy∣pochondriacal

Disease, depend only on its vitious Constitution: For I have known many, cruelly afflicted with this sickness, who have been well enough in their stomach: although they have very much complained of the pulsation in the left hypochondrium, of the straitness of the breast, and a wandring pain excited in it, also of the trembling, and oppression of the heart, with a con∣tinual fear, and disturbed Imagination; in the mean time, they were wont to desire food greatly, and to digest whatsoever was eaten, without any trouble of the ventricle, or heaviness, and also without any spitting or acid belching: yea, I have observed others, great drinkers, and using an evill manner of living, to have contracted a loosness of the stomach, with an ill digestion, windiness, and frequent vomiting, who sound enough about their praecordia, and animal facul∣ties, were not at all accounted for hypochondriacs: Besides, in this Distemper, the ventricle is often rather sick from the vitiousness of other parts, or of the Blood, than from its own default; because, it is usual for those sort of sick people, to be well in their stomach, so long as they may lye abed, and breath it forth; but when they are raised up, the pores being shut up, and the dregginess of the bloudy mass stagnating within, presently to be afflicted with the pain of the heart, an aggestion of winde, and frequent endeavours to vomit.

For these, and other Considerable Reasons, I judge the original of the hypo∣chondriacal Disease, to be derived from some other fountain, than the weakness of the Ventricle: but forasmuch, as among the parts here primarily suspected, to be affected, great complaints are made against the Spleen; it will be worth our while, to enquire, what office this Inward doth discharge, then, as often as it fails in it, whether it contributes to this Disease.

Tho I may grant with Doctor Highmore, that the Spleen doth cherish the Ventricle with its warmth, and so perhaps in some measure help Concoction: yet I do not conclude, this part to be framed chiefly for that end, but for some more noble uses; because, there seems to be need, for the digesting of the food in the stomach, not so much of heat, as of an active ferment: For fishes being actually cold, devour their food whole, and without the help of heat, easily concoct the same, being resolved as it were by a certain menstrum: besides, it is observed of the spleen, that though in man, its whole substance lyes near to the ventricle, in most other creatures, who are indued with a longish form, as to the greatest part of it, it is removed far from the Ventricle: Further, if the Spleen be the only Chimny, in which the blood warming the Ventricle is con∣tained, what is the reason, that it, rather than the Liver or Lungs, becomes of a livid or blewish colour, and is stuffed with a black blood, and that less hot?

When I consider these things, which sometime since I have observed; con∣cerning the use of the Spleen; it seems far more probable, that a certain dreggy portion, viz. a matter, consisting of an earthly, and fixed salt, is layd up in this Inward, by the blood carried to it, by the arteries, which being exalted there as it were by digestion, and into the nature of a ferment, is lastly commit∣ted to the blood, flowing from it by the veins, which inspires or quickens it, with a certain leven or fermentation, and performs the same thing about its Spirit, or making it Spirituous, as our ferment commonly called Leven, doth, being put into a batch of bread or dough; for as a certain portion of the unbak'd bread or dough, being kept to a sourness, preserves the same nature, that it doth ferment or leaven other bread or dough, and stirs up in it the otherwise sluggish particles into motion; so it seems, that the blood being laid up in the milt or Spleen, and there getting a sourness, as it were by stagnation, puts on the nature of a ferment, whereby indeed the rest of the mass of blood, and per∣haps the other humours, are actuated, and as it were Spiritualised, into a more lively motion. What hath been ingeniously wrote, by a late author, viz. the most learned Velthusius, concerning the use of the Spleen, may have relation to this: for he hath determined as highly probable, a ferment to be contained in this Inward, whereby the sluggish particles of the blood, are brought into a state of activity: Because, taking notice, that in children, and others indued with a sanguine temperament, and more fat or dull habit of body, even as their man∣ners, and disposition of minde were inclined to idleness, softness, and dulness, so their Spleen was ever of a reddish colour, and full of florid blood, like the Liver: from hence he concludes, that the spleen doth but little perform its of∣fice

in these, as the gential parts before ripe age, or in those of weak loyns; but on the contrary, forasmuch as men of a middle age, and chiefly in those, who are of a severe Countenance, and of a lean body, as in them appear marks of cunning, Sagacity, fortitude, and constancy, so their spleen is found to be of a livid or blewish colour, and imbued with blood, as it were muddy: further he argues from hence, that the blood, being kept long in the spleen, as in a Con∣duit or receptacle, turns plainly into ferment, by which its remaining mass, be∣ing from thence inspired, is made more subtil, and begets more acute Spirits, both in the vital, and in the Animal Kingdom or Government: For he supposes, our bodies naturally to abound, with too much humidity, by which indeed the function of the parts, and many of the viscera, are very much dull'd: but that the spleen, doth communicate to the mass of blood, solid, firm, and constant parts, and not easily to be dissipated; and that those do wipe away that moistness, and with it carry away in some measure, that softness, from the blood and Spi∣rits, which is predominate in tender age: almost after the same manner, as the north-winde, or the eastern gales, fanning and intimately penetrating the air, with the dryness and strength of their parts, breathe health or strength to the air, and to our Bodies.

But since I have in another place, declared what I have formerly thought, concerning the Spleen, there will be no need to repeat it in this: yet I shall further note, that in bodies of living creatures, compacted out of a quinarie of elements, as the spirits ought to be more strong then the rest: so indeed they be∣ing intangled with a viscous humidity of Sulphur, and water, are so hindred, that oftentimes they are not able to exercise their strength or powers lively e∣nough; hence saline particles, for that they are very much fermenting, are re∣quired for this, that the spirituous little bodies, almost overwhelmed by the em∣brace of the others, and stupifyed, might lie awakened, and set at liberty, and into motion. Wherefore we experience in our selves, when the spirits are dull'd, by the blood being too much exhal'd, that notable help is brought, by sharp liquors, as chiefly small wines, and Cider: for these kinde of Remedies sharpen the Spirits, and shake off all heaviness. Such a kinde of fermenting virtue, we easily believe to be continually exercised, by the Spleen being in right order, to∣wards the blood and nervous Liquor.

For as this Inward is formed with a threefold sort of vessells, viz. with arteries, and veins, and besides with great enfoldings of the nerves, and a most thick Contexture of nervous fibres; we think the use of each of them, to be set apart for this end: to wit, by the Arteries, the blood is carried to the Spleen, hence it lays up its dreggs, composed of a fixed Salt, and an earthly matter, in its pas∣sages and porosities, and these there layd up, as it were by a certain digestion, are brought into a juice very fermentive: A portion also of which, being carri∣ed back to the blood, by the veins, is continually mixed with it: and so its whole mass, is inspired with those kinde of fermentive particles, from the Spleen; by which, a certain austerity and sharpness, with vigour of motion, is given unto it; so that, for that reason, the blood it self is carried more lively in the vessells; also from thence, the nervous juice, procreated from the blood, be∣ing more active supplies the animal regiment: But truly, the Spleen doth not only by this means mediatly, and by the intervention of the blood, inspire the brain and nervous stock, with a fermentive virtue; but it may be lawfully be∣lieved, that this is done somewhat more immediately, by the passage of the nerves, dispersed in the spleen: for, because in this part, anatomie discovers a great company of Nerves, and nervous enfoldings, and of fibres springing from them, it may well be doubted, for what use they should serve: Concerning this, it is first to be observ'd, that the ventricle, and the Spleen, have a most intimate Commerce with the brain; insomuch, that Helmont did place the seat of the Soul, in those Inwards, but this is possible to be done, by no more com∣modious way, than by the aforesaid nerves: Wherefore, we may here dis∣servedly suspect, that not only the animal Spirits, are the messengers between the one part, and the other, but also, that the nervous Liquour, which is both the food, and the ventricle of these spirits, doth descend now from the brain to∣wards these Inwards, and now being received from these Viscera's by the nerves, doth creep thorow towards the head: which kinde of spleeny Juice, being dila∣ted

to the brain, sharpens the animal Spirits, and raises them up being slothfull, and irritates them into quick motions: from whence it is commonly said, the sharpness and sagacity of the minde, doth proceed from the Spleen, and Sple∣netick people, are accounted Ingenious: But it is probable, that the rage, and force of the passions, being begun by the Spirits inhabiting the brain, are carried to the spleen, by the passage of the nerves; and so the spirits there dwelling, are pathetically troubled, and the blood flowing thither, is moved into a multitude of perturbations: for from hence it in some measure falls out, that in anger, sad∣ness, and other distempers of the minde, according as the ferment if the Spleen, being more or less moved, is inspired to the blood, its liquor diversly boyls up: Further, for this reason it happens, that great inflations and Commotions, of the left hypocondrium, come upon splenitic people, from every violent passion.

These things being thus premised, concerning the use of the spleen, it will be easie, according to our hypothesis, to lay open very many of the symptoms, be∣longing to the hypochondriac Distemper; and to give reasons for each of them: For when the Spleen is wanting in its office, that is, when it doth not strain forth the melancholly recrements of the blood, nor cook them into a fermentative matter, as we but now observed in children, and others of a sanguine Complex∣ion, or too phlegmatick, to happen often; the disposition of the minde, is made duller, the body grows fat with idleness, yea, and the blood being more sluggish than it ought to be, is apt to stand still within its vessells, or at least to be less lively circulated: But on the Contrary where the fermenting power of the spleen, is too much axalted or perverted, the blood by that means being more sharp than usual, or made more sour, it runs about rapidly here and there, and con∣ceives irregular motions; yea, and the nervous juice, falling away from its right temper, imbues the animal Spirits, with an heterogenious and an explosive Co∣pula, and so irritates them, as it were with goads, into frequent Convulsions: as that not wholly undeservedly, many kindes of diseases, may be imputed to the Spleen being out of order: But the ways or means of affecting, whereby the Spleen being evilly disposed, doth produce the symptoms of the hypochondriack passion, or at least contributes to the rise of them, are chiefly these following.

First, it sometimes happens, that the spongie substance of the spleen, from the faeces of the blood, being too much impacted, in its pores, and stagnating, is very much stuffed, and obstructed: that from thence, it doth not sufficently re∣ceive, the recrements of the bloody mass: but the same being carried thither, but not received do flow back into the neighbouring branches of the Caeliack Artery, from whence they are presently carried, into the membranes of the ven∣tricle, the Caule, the mesenterie, and other nigh parts, and are wont to be af∣fixed to them; hence the tone of those viscera, are so much spoyled, that they do not rightly perform their due offices, about the concoction of the Chyle, and the membranes planted every way about, being much imbued with heterogeneous and irritative particles, for that they are almost continually pulled by convulsions here and there stirred up, they are grievously obnoxious to wandring pains, con∣tractions, distentions, and the encrease of Windes; by reason of this kinde of re∣gurgitation of the blood, from the Spleen, being obstructed, it is likely, that the pulsation, which is felt by hypochondriacks, under the Ventricle, is excited.

2. When the faeculencies of the blood, are excluded from the Spleens being obstructed, being fixed (as was said) to its neighbouring parts, they bring forth the sickly distemper of the left hypochondrium: but though indeed, that Inward sufficently receives the melancholly or atrabilious juice, carried to it from the blood, by the Arteries, yet oftentimes it does not rightly Cook it, but the Salt being too much excited, it changes it into a too sharp, or acid, austeer, or sour; or some other kinde of vitious humour: whereby, when as the whole mass of blood, and the nourishable Juice, contained in its bosome, are almost wholly in∣fected, the fruits of the hypochondriack seeds, bud forth thorow the whole body; the blood grows unduely hot, is in some places impetuously moved, and again in others is apt to stagnate or stand still: from hence, it is familiar with Spleene∣tick people, presently after eating, to grow red in the face, to have the palms of their hands hot, their hypochondria to swell, oppressions of the heart, and no∣ted variations of the pulse, to succeed, But these fermentative particles being translated, from the blood, every where into the solid parts, wandring pains, run∣ng

up and down here and there, and a sense of pricking, are stirred up in many members of the Body: moreover, from this Infection of the blood, for that its mass is changed, from a benign and balsamick temper, into a salt and tartare∣ous, a lean habit of body, with a black and dark Countenance, is induced.

3. From the blood being so depraved, by the fault of the Spleen, oftentimes the taint is carried to the animal government; for heterogeneous and Convulsive Particles, are poured frequently into the brain, and from thence, into the ner∣vous stock; so that the animal Spirits, dwelling in either province, conceive various irtegularities: by reason of the evill being impressed on the head, hypo∣chondriacks use to be troubled with various phantasms, with an heap, and fluctuations of thoughts: besides, to them happen frequent Vertigoes, Scotomies, headaches, and often parlytical Distempers: then, forasmuch as the morbific matter, flides down from the head, into the nervous stock, Convulsive Diseases are excited, in very many parts of the body, but chiefly about the Praecordia, and Viscera of the lower belly: for when the Spirits flowing within the nerves, which respect those parts, are greatly disturb'd, by reason of the distemper of the minde, the Convulsive particles, the more readily enter into those pipes, and more easily impress on those Spirits, a Convulsive Disposition: Therefore, partly by reason of the infection mediatly transmitted to the Brain, and partly by reason of the hurt, (as hath been shown) immediatly Communicated from the Spleen, the Palpitation of the heart, trembling, and frequent swooning, Constrictions of the Breast, impediments of breathing, Pains of the stomach, belching, Vomiting, and many other accidents in those Inwards, happen to hy∣pochondriacks.

4. Besides these inordinations, which are wont to be derived by the passage of the blood, from the Spleen; into the humours and sollid parts, and to the brain it self, and nervous stock; there are other farther evills, which seem to arise from this Inward, also by the passage of the nerves: Because, as we have shown, their extreme branches, and the nervous fibres themselves, interwoven in the Viscera, do drink in with their outward most little mouths, a certain hu∣mor, and convey it sometimes upwards, it is highly probable, that the nervous fibres, distributed to the Spleen, (of which as we but now hinted, there is a mighty Guard) do receive its most sharp juice, which Creeping higher, thorow the nervous pipes, becomes a Cause of Convulsive motions: In truth, that there may be those intimate Commerces, between the brain, and the Spleen, to wit, far sooner, than what can be made, by the compassing about of the blood, it may be lawfull to believe, that the nerves of the wandring pair, and the inter∣costal, to be the neerest means of the passage, whereby these parts Communi∣cate one with the other, and mutually affect themselves. For it seems, that when the black bile or melanchollic tumor in the Spleen, grows turgid or swells up of its own accord, or is moved by some evident cause, its particles enter the nervous fibres, thickly distributed to the same, which disturb the animal Spirits flowing in them, into explosions, or at least into some disorder: then the Spi∣rits being so distrubed, infect those next to them, and they others, till by their continued series, the passion begun within the Spleen, is propagated even to the brain, and there produces inordinate Phantasms, such as happen to hypo∣chondriacks, also on the other side, when a grievous distemper of the minde, occasionally excited, within the brain, doth disturb the Spirits inhabiting it, the impression being carried to the Phantasie, by the series of the Spirits, planted within the nerves of the wandring pair, and the Intercostals, and successive af∣fection, it is brought even to the Spleen; hence its ferment being put more in∣to commotion, stirs up Convulsions, both in that Inward, and in the whole neighbourhood of fibres and membranes; and besides, forces the blood into eb∣bings and flowings, and into various aestuations or vehement motions; yea and re∣flects the perturbations of the Spirits, upon the brain. From this kinde of reci∣procal affection of the brain and Spleen, it comes to pass, that hypochondri∣acks are so unquiet, unstable, and fluctuating, at every thing thats proposed, as if, according to the Poet, Ten mindes strove in them at once.

A certain noble Gentleman, of a melanchollic temper, and always accounted [Observation. 1] for a Splenetic man, very much complained of a pain, and inflation of his left hypochondrium, with a frequent rumbling noyse, and sour belching, a so of a

trembling of the heart, of an assiduous vertigo, too much waking, and a di∣sturbed phansie: About the 35th. year of his age, the disease growing worse, he began hardly to sleep, and yet more rarely to get it at night, and to be molested in the day time, with a world of fluctuating thoughts, to have in suspition all things and persons, and greatly to be afraid of every object: his Praecordia seemed to be very much bound, and straitened, and to sink down to the bottom, as if the heart it self were depressed even into the belly; which Symptom, trou∣bling him, he became very sad, and dejected in minde: yet afterwards, those distempers of the minde remitting, he felt with it his heart to be a little lifted up and also his Praecordia to be loosened, and stretch'd forth; besides, he very often sustained pains and Contractions variously excited, about the muscles of the Viscera, and Members, and running up and down here and there.

As to the nature of the disease, it is plain, that it is this kinde of Distemper, which is commonly called hypochondriacall: but as to what respects the Causes of these to be admired Symptoms, we may suppose, the mass of blood being degenerate, and stuffed with melanchollic or atrabilarie faeculencies, to admi∣nister or continually to suggest its adust recrements to the head; from whence, the Liquor watering the brain and nerves, being made sharp, and improporti∣onate to the Spirits, did stir up the containing Bodies, into painfull Corrugati∣ons, or wrinklings, and Contractures: Further, when this Infection is chiefly derived from the head, into the Nerves of the wandring pair, and the intercostall, the brain and the Praecordia, are very much punished, by the malady from thence raised up. But that the Blood is depraved by that means, it seems to be impu∣ted to the vice of the Spleen, forasmuch as this Inward, being amiss, it did not rightly strain forth the atrabilarie dreggs from the blood, but rather did more pervert whatsoever recrements it received from it, and the same being exalted into an hurtfull ferment, sent it back to the blood, and so very much infected its mass, and imbued it with a plainly acetous, and vitriolick evill Disposition.

It is plain to be understood, that those symptoms troubling the Head, viz. too much waking, the vertigo, a disturbed phantasie, with many others, did pro∣ceed from the heterogeneous particles poured forth from the Blood, into the brain: As to that straitness of the Breast, and falling down of the heart, with great fear and sadness, it may be thought, that the nervous fibres, inserted to the heart, and chiefly to the Pericordium, being moved into Convulsions, and wrinklings, do binde hard those parts, and pull them downwards; wherefore, there is perceived in the whole breast, as it were a certain constriction, and the heart it self seems to be depressed: Further, forasmuch the Praecordia being so streitened and depressed, the blood within the bosom of the heart is stop'd, and compell'd, as it were to stagnate, both the vital and the sensitive Soul, is much hindred, from its wonted expansion and irradiation, and for that Cause, being lessened and shortened in its constitution, those Cruell distempers of fear and sadness arise, but when the Convulsions remitting, that constriction of the heart and its appendix, is released, the Soul also, as a flame more expansed or enlarged, endeavours by little and little to shake off the Chains of those Passions. For the Cure of these Distempers, he had for a long time tried very many remedies, and medical Administrations, but without much benifit, at last he was somewhat ea∣sed by the use of Spaw-waters, and from thence by degrees finding himself bet∣ter he became free from those grievous Symptoms, however, he still liv'd ob∣noxious to the hypochondriac Distemper.

[Observation. 2] A Certain young Academic, originally of a Sanguine temper, fair, of a flo∣rishing Countenance, excellent disposition, and mild, by reason of immoderate and untimely Studies, in the mean time exercise, and good order of dyet being wholly neglected, had contracted an obstruction of the Spleen, or some other morbid distemper of that Inward: For he had almost continually infesting him, an inflation, and tumor of the left hypochondrium, with a most heavy Pain. Af∣ter he had laboured with this sort of Distemper, about half a year, he began to complain of a frequent giddiness, a blindness of his eyes, an unquietness of his minde, and of disturbed sleeps: Which Symptoms were then plainly impu∣ted to vapours arising from the Spleen: but after that followed, a trembling of the heart, with a frequent deliquium of the Spirits, a pulsation of the hypochondri∣um, and at length pains, and Contractions in the outward members, with a fre∣quent

stupor, and a sense of pricking running up and down here and there: and last of all, being broken with a world of evills, contrary to his genius, and na∣tive Disposition, he became greatly hypochondriacall.

That I may dispatch the Pathologie of this Case in a word, it appears here plain enough, that the Spleen was first of all in fault; by whose fault, when the bloody mass was depraved, the taint creeping from thence, into the humour wa∣tring the brain and nervous stock, and infecting it, did induce the aforesaid Con∣vulsive Symptoms.

The Curatory Method to be used against the hypochondriacal Distempers re∣quires chiefly these four generall Indications. viz. In the first place, that the Im∣pediments of the Cure may be taken away, the Intention of which chiefly respects the purging, and preserving the first passages. Secondly, it must be endeavour'd that the obstructions of the Spleen, may be Corrected. Thirdly, that both the recrements of the bloody mass may be purged forth, and that its due disposition may be restored. Fourthly, and lastly, that the enormities of the brain and nervous stock, and also of the watering humour, and the inhabiting Spirits, contracted by the fault of the blood, and Spleen, may be amended, or taken a∣way: when any of these Intentions, or all of them together, shall be endea∣voured at, fit times should be chosen, in which each being singly proposed, may be performed, without any neglect or hindrance of the rest.

8. As to the first Indication, when a great load of crude or adust matter, is wont to be laid up in the first passages, and when the tone of the Ventricle us'd to be spoyled, and its ferment variously perverted, against every one of these kindes of evills, you must bring timely help, with fit remedies; therefore, gen∣tle and moderate evacuations, both by Vomit if it prospers well, and by Stool, ought to be administred: For such, whose stomach easily casts forth its contents upwards, I perswade, that once in a month Vomiting should be several times provoked by taking Liquor of Squills, or Salt of Vitriol, or by drinking plentifully small beer posset-drink, or warm water; in the time between, a gentle purge, and only a little moving is to be orderd often: For this end, The pills Tartareous, of Bontius, or Stomach-pills with Gums, or our solutive extract, may be of use. Take of the best Senna ℥i, of Rhubarb ʒvi, of Epithim ʒiii, of yellow-Sanders ʒii, of the Salt of wormwood ʒii, of Celtic Spike ʒi, being cut and brused, let them be digested in x ounces of White wine, and as much of fumitory water, for 48 hours, let the clear straining be evaporated, with the heat of a gentle bath, to the con∣sistency of an extract, adding towards the end, of the powders of Senna, of Rhu∣barb, and cream of Tartar each ʒii, let them be brused together in a glass mor∣ter, and reduced to the consistency of Pills. The Dose ʒss, ℈ii, or ʒi, the Reme∣dies respecting the tone, and ferment of the ventricle, as they are manifold and divers, out of them the most fit or commodious for the Disposition of the Ven∣tricle, are to be chosen; for to this bitter things, to that Saltish, to another sharp and perhaps biting things, are desirable. Among the number of these kinds of medicines, (which are commonly called Digestives) are Elixir Proprietatis, Tinctura Sacra, powder of Aron Compound, Salt of Wormwood, Cream of Tartar, Tartar vitriolat,, Vitriol of Steel, with many others. Besides these inward Reme∣dies, also external applications do often bring help: Because the Stomach be∣ing ill affected, a fomentation of white-wine, with wormwood, century, and other bitter plants boyled therein, also oyntments, or plaisters, often bring help: Concerning which, there will be no need here to discourse particularly; and to prescribe forms of the Medicines themselves.

2. The second Indication, for the mending the vices of the Spleen, (to wit, if there shall be in the same any obstruction, Tumour, or pain, or simple dyscra∣sie or Intemperament,) is wont to be performed, or at least attempted, by Re∣medies both internal, and exrernal: Those which are of the former Sort, fall in with those indicated in the 3d place, (to wit, with such, as for the purifying the Blood is intended) because, when chiefly, or almost all, that which is carri∣ed, or born to the Spleen, is done by the passage of the blood, the irrigularities of the Latex of this, as well as of that Inward, by a Social labour, ought to be cured, with the joynt strength of Medicines; by what means is shown by and by. In the mean time, some external Applications, under the form of a plaister, or an oyntment, or a fomentation, more neerly and immediatly respect the bo∣dy

of the Spleen, and often bring notable help, forasmuch as they discuss tumors, and allay the Convulsive Distempers, and quiet them. Great plenty of these kinde of outward medicines, are every where extant among Authors, the choyce of which ought to be made, according to the various passions of the Spleen, or the divers Constitutions of the Patient, so that there will be no need here, to shew their particular forms.

3. The Remedies indicated in the 3d place, to wit, which take away the dys∣crasies or evill temper of the blood, contracted from the vice of the Spleen, and also clear the primary fault of the Spleen, are of a manifold, and divers kinde, and manner, the choice of which ought to be administred, according to the va∣rious infection of this, or that: of these, some are compounded, and prepared according to the prescription of Physitians, as Electuaries, Powders, Apozems, Tinstures, Infusions, and the like; others more simple, as whey, asses milk, Spaw-waters, and Bathes.

There are two chief Cases of sick people, in which magisterial Remedies ought to be all accommodated, according to their strength and quallities: to wit, ei∣ther the blood is thick, coldish, and earthy, with the Spleen being obstructed, which requires more hot, fermenting, and chiefly Chalybiate medicines; or the blood being clearly adust, and hot, ferments too much, and together greatly trou∣bles the hypochondria, and in them, the blood and humours boyl up; in which state, Remedies only temperate, and allaying the fermenting, and immoderate boyling of the humours, are to be chosen, where chalibiats are wholly to be avoided.

When therefore to a cold ventricle, cold discrasies or evill temperaments, of the blood and Spleen also happen, I am wont to prescribe, according to the fol∣lowing forms.

Take of the Troches of Rhubarb, of the Powder of the root of Aron, of winteran Bark, each ʒii, of the root of virginian Snakeweed, Centrayerva, Diatrion Santulon, of Crabs eyes, each ʒi, of the extract of Gentian, of Century, each ʒiss, of ammoniae, dissolved in the water of Earth-worms, what will suffice to make a mass of Pills: let them take 4 pills in the morning, and at 4 a clock in the afternoon, drinking af∣ter them a little draught, of wormwood-wine, or chalibiate wine, with moderate exercise.

Take of the Conserves of the yellow of Oranges, and of Lemons, each ℥iii, of pre∣served mirabolans, n. ii, of the Species of aromaticum Rosatum, of winteran Bark, each ʒii, of the Salt of wormwood ʒii, of the vitriol of Steel ʒi, (or Steel prepared ʒiii.) with what will suffice of the Syrrop of Citron rines, make an Electuary, To be taken twice a day, drinking after it a draught of wormwood-wine, or of the In∣fusion of the herb or flowers of Tamarisk.

For those who are not pleas'd, but with medicines in an elegant form, and in a very little quantity, the tinctures of Antimony, and of Corrall, also of Steel, with the Spirit of wine, (the body being first dissolved by a proper menstrum, and redu∣ced to a Calx) are convenient: as aso the Spirits of Sut, of blood, or of harts-horn, to be taken twice a day, with a proper liquor, to 12. drops, more or less, are of known benefit, above any other medicine that I know of: moreover the often drinking of Coffee, also that made of the Infusion of the leaves of Thea, gives ease to some.

If that the fervor of the blood, and too fermenting, with the trouble of the Spleen, and unquietness of the minde, be joyned to the hypochondriac Distem∣per.

Take of the Conserves of hyps or Conaradine, ℥vi. (or of the flowers of Tamarisk, and the leaves of wood-Sorrel, each ℥iii.) of the Species of Diarrodon Abbatis, of the confection of Alkermis, each ʒi, of the powder ofi Ivory ʒiss, of Pearls ʒss. of the Salt of Tamarisk, and wormwood, each ʒi. with what will suffice of the Syrrop of green Citrons,, or Clove-Gilliflowers, make an Opiate, to be taken twice in a day, the quantity of a nutmeg.

Take of the powder of Ivory, ʒii. of the Powder of Pearls, ʒi. of the Species of diarrhodon Abbatis, of Diamagarit frigida, each ʒiss. make a fine powder, add of white Sugar, dissolved in Baume-water, and boyled to the consistency of Tablets ℥vi. make thereof according to Art, Lozenges, or little cakes: take ʒiss or ʒii twice a day. To these, and other medicines of this nature, may be joyned the

use of Spaw-waters, which indeed, in either, yea, in all cases, of hypochondriac Melancholly, are almost always taken with good success: For want of those wa∣ters, our artificiall Spaw-waters, may be conveniently ordered, yea, and whey, and if any notable atrophie be, let Asses milk be dayly taken.

Besides, these inward Remedies, and other outward Applications, before-recited, Phlebotomie, or the taking away of blood with Leeches, from the sedal veines, may be of use frequently: yea, sometimes it may be convenient, to open the Salvatella Vein, according to the prescript of the Ancients: Besides Caute∣ries, or Issues, which may continually carry forth the adust recrements of the blood, and by degrees excern them, are wont to be benificiall almost to all.

4. The fourth Indication, respecting the affections of the brain, and nervous stock, or the Convulsive Symptoms having relation to or coming upon the for∣mer, is rarely in use of it self, and apart from the others, but that Remedies de∣stinated to this end, are complicated with those abovesaid. Liquors indued with a volatile Salt, or an armoniac, as Spirits of Harts-horn, and Sut, are highly ne∣cessary for this Intention, as also the rest but now recitied; wherefore such Re∣medies, unless any thing shall shew the contrary, may be dayly given at fit hours. Further, when Spaw-waters are drunk, let tablets or pills, such as are above-pre∣scribed, for the Convulsive distempers, be taken at least twice in a day. In the frequent turning, and giddiness, also in the passions of the heart, the sinking down of the Spirits, with dread, and as it were a fear of Death, just seizing on one, I have known very often, great help to be had, by the use of Chalibeat, or steel Medicines.

Since we have made mention so often, of Chalibiat or steel-medicins, it will be worth our while, to inquire into their various preparations, and for that rea∣son their divers manners of effects, which they are wont to produce in the hu∣mane body, that it may from hence appear, by what means, and for what re∣spects, these or those preparations of Iron, are greatly profitable to some hypo∣chondriacks, and to others as much hurtfull.

The virtue and operation of Chalybeat, or steel'd mecicines, depends upon the porticles of the concerts, being after a various manner dissolved, unfolded, and brought forth into act: For steel, or Iron, consists chiefly of a Salt Sulphur, and Earth: and but slenderly indued with Spirits and water: But the particles of the former Elements, chiefly the Sulphureous, and saline, being in their mix∣ture combined together, with the Earth, remain altogether fixed, and sluggish, but being soluted, and pulled one from another, they come to be of a very effica∣cious Energy.

The aforesaid particles are dissolved in a twofold manner, and set into the Li∣berty of acting: viz. either by Art, whilst medicins are prepared, or by Nature after they are taken inwardly; for the metallic Body, is wont to be dissolved, and eaten, by the ferment of the ventricle, just like a Chymical menstrum: we will consider the several Species of either, and their manner of being made, that it may appear, what alteration is impressed, on the steeled medicine, in the preparation; and what effects every preparation of it, doth impresse on mans Body.

The most simple way of preparing Iron, is a division of its body, into little integral parts, with a file, which resemble the nature of the whole mixture, and contain both little sulpureous bodies, and saline, combined among themselves, and with other terrestrial. The filings of Iron being inwardly taken, is dissol∣ved by the ferment of the ventricle, as it were by an acid menstrum; the signes of which are, both a sulphureous and unsavorie belching, as from the eating of hard eggs, also the blackness of the ordure, from steel being dissolved within the Viscera of Concoction, active particles, both Sulphureous and Saline, Plen∣tifully sally forth, and being involved with the nutritious juice, are carried into the blood; which as they excell in a divers virtue, do often conspire, as it were with the joynt forces of either, to bring benefit to the sick. The Sulphureous little bodies being brought to the blood, add to it a new, and more plentifull Provision of Sulphur, wherefore its mass, if before it was poor and liveless, doth nimbly ferment within its vessells, and being inkindled farther in the heart, acquires a more intense heat, yea, and a deeper colour; for it is so observed, in many affected with the dropsy, arising from white phlegm, the Pica or evill

longings, or green-sickness, to have a pale countenance, cold bloud, and wate∣rish; but by the use of steel, the countenance soon to be more florid, and the blood to be imbued with a more intense tincture, and heat: moreover, from the filing of iron, dissolved in the ventricle, also Saline particles are brought forth, and often they bestow a more plentifull fruit or increase, both on the solid parts, and on the humors; for since their natures are vitriolick, and stiptic or binding, they bind together, and strengthen the too lax, and weakned fibres of the Viscera, and so restore the broken tone: Besides these Saline particles, inhibit the force of the blood; repress it from too much heat, and boyling up, and froth, and retain it in an equall circulation: Besides (which is their chief virtue) they con∣tract and straiten the too loose, open, and gaping little mouths of the Arteries; that, for that reason, neither the Serum, nor the bloody latex, may sweat out, or be broke off, from the file of its circuit: Wherefore in the Dropsie, and great bleedings, Remedies, imbued with the Saline particles of Iron, are of famous and efficacious use, for very many Diseases proceed from this cause, forasmuch as the little mouths of the Arteries, being too open, and the interspaces of the vessells above measure loosned, the serum or bloody latex breaks forth; which kinde of Affections, the Vitriollic Particles of Steel, do often help, by binding and corroborating, the sanguiferous Vessells, and nervous fibres.

After this manner, the filings of Steel, being taken inwardly, seems at once to add to the blood, both spurs, and a bridle. But forasmuch, as from this medi∣cine, an incitation, much more than a restriction, doth arise, therefore it ought to be given only to them, whose blood is very thick, and cold, as country peo∣ple and strong persons; in very hot, and spirituous bloud, and in hot inwards, 'tis no ways convenient: moreover, in delicate persons, and men of a more tender constitution, 'tis dangerous, lest the little portions of the steel, when they can∣not be sufficiently dissolved, should like fragments of glass, be driven into the membranes of the Viscera, and there pertinaciously sticking, produce some ulcer, or deadly torments, which indeed I have known sometimes to happen.

2. After the filing of Iron, the next way of preparing it, is calcining it with Sulphur, to wit, let thin peeces of steel, being strongly fired, be laid upon a roler of Sulphur, that the mettle may melt into little round balls, which are to be calcined to the consumption of the Sulphur, and pounded in a morter, are to be reduced into a subtle powder, which is of choice use. In this preparation of Iron, some sulphureous particles are exhaled, the signe of which is, that this powder, an acid liquor being poured upon it, much less boyls up, or grows hot than the limature or filing of Iron: but being taken by the same mouth, it excites a Sulphureous savour. In the mean time, in this preparation, the saline parti∣cles, seem to be somewhat augmented, by new ones sticking to them, from the mettall burning with Sulphur, so that active particles of either kinde, to wit, Sulphureous and Saline, come almost to an Aequilibrium: and when by this means, this medicine, the substance of the mettle being loosned, may be finely poudered, it becomes of far more excellent use, than the filings ef Iron: In most Cases, where steel ought to be given in substance, as in a Cachexie or a fullness of evill humours, the longings of maids or the green-gckness, and such like, this medi∣cine is convenient to be used.

3. In the third place, follows the preparation of steel with vinegar: to wit, the filings of the whole steel, is moysten'd with vinegar, and dryed, till it may be reduced into an impalpable powder: in this preparation, the Sulphureous particles are yet much more, yea, as to the greatest part evaporated, only a few being left, in the mean time, the Saline, by reason of others sticking to them, from the vinegar, are much encreased, which are mingled with the terrene particles: This chalibiated powder, very little or nothing froths, or boyles up, a sharp liquor being sprinkled upon it, also being taken at the mouth, has with it scarce any sulphureous Savour: wherefore, it conduces less, to the taking away of the obstructions of the Bowells, or to the restoring the ferment of the blood: nevertheless, in a more hot Constitution, in hemorrhages or fluxes of Blood, and the hypochondriac Distemper, it is wont to be administred with greater success, then the former preparations.

4ly. Follows the rust of Iron, which being an extract of the metallic body, seems to be as it were a fifth Essence: because, in this excrescency, some parti∣cles

of every kinde, to wit, sulphureous, saline, and terrene, being loosned from the whole substance, are combined among themselves; and constitute as it were a new mixture, more subtile, and defaecated or clearer from dreggs: For that in this concrete, there remains less particles of sulphur, therefore it doth not so potently ferment the blood, or take away the obstructions of the Viscera, as steel prepared with sulphur; but in more hot distempers of the parts, or hu∣mours, it egregiously performs the requisite Intentions, of a steeled Medicine.

To this Class may be referred by right, our preparation of steel, to wit, in which all the particles of the mettal, being loosned from the bond of mixture, are contained together: which notwithstanding, (the concrete being first re∣duced into pouder) and immediatly dissolved, in any water or Menstruum. This powder being inwardly taken hath the like vertue as steel prepared with sulphur; but to the liquor or menstruum, in which it is dissolved, it imparts almost only saline, or chiefly vitriolic particles, the sulphureous flying away, and the terene sinking to the bottom. I am wont to give in great quantity, and not seldom with excellent success, common water impregnated with the dissolu∣tion of this, instead of the natural acidulous or spawish waters: moreover, I make thereof medicated wine, beer, cyder, whey, or other Liquors, this pouder being dissolved in them; and prescribe them to be taken, for several intricate Intentions: So much for the preparations of Iron, in which the elementary par∣ticles of every kinde, are comprehended in a various proportion: There re∣main others, in which the particles almost only of one kinde, to wit, the sa∣line, or earthie, are left, the rest, as to the greatest part, being driven forth: of which sort, are chiefly vitriol, or the Salt of steel.

5. For the making the vitriol of steel, first, the mettal is wont to be eaten thorow, with a very sharp and corrosive Liquor, and to be dissolved into ele∣mentary parts: In the dissolving, the saline particles of the menstruum, are joyned to the other salines of the Iron, and are with them intimately combined; in the mean time, the remaining sulphureous, and terrene, being laid aside, and excluded from their company; then common water being poured to this soluti∣on, the salts of either kinde being combined, are imbibed by the Liquor, and that being lastly filtrated, and evaporated, they are reduced into christalls. This kinde of making of salt or salification, succedes, if you do it, either with the Spirit of vitriol, the oyle of sulphur, or stygian water, or any others, distilled from the stagmas of mineralls: Yea, Sal Armoniac only, being soluted by melt∣ing, dissolves Iron after the same manner, and causes it to Chrystalize.

Salt of Steel thus prepared, hath a sweetish taste, with a certain sharp stipticity of binding, and participates much of the nature of vitriol, that it seems not to differ much from Verdigrease. Taken inwardly for a medicine, it somewhat ferments the humors, and powerfully bindes the nervous fibres: for cold Cache∣cical, and Phlegmatic people, this medicine is not convenient, because there are in it no particles of Sulphur: but it is often administred with successe, in hot distempers of the bowels, where there is a predominancy of adust Sulphur and in wandring effervescencies, in scorbutical, and unequall heats, both of the blood and nervous stock, by it self, or mixed with other medicines, as an enforcement: but yet in more tender Constitutions, 'tis dangerous, lest the tone and fibres of the ventricle should be hurt, by its acrimony, and too great constriction or astringency.

6. In the last place, follows the astringent Crocus Martis, or the Crocus of Steel, prepared by fire, through a long Calcination, viz. The filings, the off-scour∣ings, or thin plates of Iron, should be so placed in a reverberating fornace, that they may be continually heated, by a most strong flame: The filing being thus exposed to the naked fire; first of all it grows reddish, and runs together into little hard round balls; but after 3. or 4. days, swelling up suddenly into an higher heap, it becomes extream light, impalpable, and of a most curious pur∣ple Colour: In this preparation, the Sulphureous and saline particles, whilst by the force of the fire, they begin to come away from the concreet, do mutu∣ally take hold one of another, and so being combined together, grow into little balls; but afterwards, those particles, both Saline and Sulphureous, being whol∣ly profligated, and fiery particles succeeding in their place, the whole mass swel∣ling up into a bulk, and made as it were spungie, becomes most light.

A Medicine thus prepared, in some Cases, is of most excellent use, and second to none of the Chalybeats: to wit, almost in all extravasations, or too great eruptions of the Serum and blood, as in outward haemorrhages, or in inward bleed∣ings, in the Diarrhaea, the Diabatis, and in a vehement Catarrh; also I have known no remedy better than this, in the Ascitis, or in the beginning of a Drop∣sie: and this also, I have heard to be highly approved of lately by a most famous and expert Physitian, of our own Country: Concerning which medicine notwith∣standing, since it is wholly destitute, both of Saline and sulphureous Particles, and consists almost only of earthly and fiery particles, it is very ambiguous, by what faculty it operates, and produces so praise-worthy an effect in man's body: for there seems to be in this, left no more Caput mortuum, or dead head, or ter∣ra damnata, then in vitriol, or in any of the other mettalls, distilled be a most intense fire. As to this if I may Conjecture, it seems first, that to this prepara∣tion, some Activity is due, whereby it exerts it self, and unfolds its virtues, ei∣ther by shutting up obstructions, or by binding together the Vessells, or ner∣vous fibres of the Viscera, from the fiery particles, shut up in the most fixed earth, and from them breaking forth within the body: But the chiefest reason of help∣ing consists in this, that the earthy particles, the Saline (by which they were strickly held) being wholly gone, desire greedily to be reunited to them, or such like: Wherefore, this Crocus martis, being immersed in our Bodies, snatches to it self, whatsoever Salts it meets with, and intimately binds them, and so, while it sucks up like a sponge, very many saline particles, it takes away many enor∣mities, arising chiefly from the flux of the Salts. By this means, Burnt harts-horn, Spodium, and Antimony Diaphoretic, when they bring help exert or put forth their virtues.

Notes

• A descripti∣on of the hypo∣ch••ndriaca Affections.
• The hypochon∣driacal di∣stempers be∣long to the nervous kinde.
• The causes of the hypochon∣driac passion is inquired into.
• The Hypothe∣sis of Dr. Highmore sifted.
• The use of the Spleen is in∣quired into.
• See his dis∣course of fer∣mentation. Chap. 5th.
• The reasons of the hypochon∣driacal Symp∣toms laid open.
• The Influences of the Spleen in producing the symptoms unfolded.
• The Method of Curing the Hypochondri∣ac Distempers.
• The preparati∣ons and effects of Steel Medi∣cines unfol∣ded.